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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

'med States National Herbarium

Volume 19

FLORA OF NEW MEXICO

By E. O. WOOTON and PAUL C. STANDLET

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1915

FLORA OF NEW MEXICO

ADVERTISEMENT.

The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that
Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled "Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,"
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the
National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed re-
sponsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the
series were published by the Department of Agriculture.

Richard Rathbun,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,

in charge of the United States National Museum.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

United States National Herbarium

Volume 19

FLORA OF NEW MEXICO

By E. O. WOOTON and PAUL C. STANDLEY

UBftAVY

hew *ov«

BOTANIC AW

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1915

,&&/?

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Issued June 24, 1915.

PREFACE.

The present volume of the Contributions is devoted to a flora of
New Mexico, by Mr. E. O. Wooton, of the United States Department
of Agriculture, and Mr. Paul C. Standley, assistant curator, United
States National Herbarium. Mr. Wooton was connected with the
New Mexico College of Agriculture for twenty years, during which
time he made extensive botanical collections in nearly all the counties
of the State. Mr. Standley spent three years in botanical work at the
same institution and has since revisited the State for the purpose of
further studying its flora. This volume, therefore, is based very
largely upon the collections made by the two authors, although all
other available collections from New Mexico have been studied.

Only the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams of New Mexico
are contained in the present work. Keys are given for the determina-
tion of the species as well as of the larger' groups, so that the volume
may be used as a field manual. At the same time the citations will
enable those who have access to libraries to consult readily the
original descriptions of the species.

The number of species treated is approximately 3,000. Notwith-
standing the large amount of field work already accomplished, many
remote districts in New Mexico are still imperfectly known botanically,
so that eventually this number will doubtless be increased by several
hundred species. The treatise in its present form, however, will be
found to contain most of the plants growing spontaneously in those
parts of the State thus far settled or frequently visited.

This is the fourth volume of the Contributions to be devoted to a
State flora, the others being the Botany of Western Texas (volume 2),
the Plant Life of Alabama (volume C), and the Flora of Washington
(volume 11).

Frederick V. Coville,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.

5

CCOTTEKTS.

Introduction 9

Systematic treatment of the vascular plants 12

Synopsis of the larger groups, with keys 12

Annotated catalogue 18

Summary of larger groups, with numbers of genera and species 754

Geographic index 755

List of new genera, species, and hybrids, and new names 772

Index 775

7

FLORA OF NEW MEXICO.

| IBS ' f '

By E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley.

INTRODUCTION.

This flora of New Mexico is a list of all the species of phanerogams
and vascular cryptogams at present known to occur within the State,
with keys to the families, genera, and species. Although we have
examined all the herbarium material easily accessible and have

. endeavored to verify all published data, we know that the list is far
from complete. Even in the most carefully explored areas of the
eastern United States, species winch have been overlooked are still
coming to light and more careful study of more copious material is
increasing the number of recognized species. Much more are addi-
tional species to be looked for within the 122,000 square miles
embraced in the area of New Mexico, many large portions of which
have never been visited by any botanist* while even the most familiar
regions have not been thoroughly examined. Thus it is certain that
as collectors extend then - fields of exploration our present list of 2,975
species wall be increased to far above 3,000. It is along the borders
of the State that the greater number of additions will be found, espe-

M cially in the southeastern and southwestern corners and in the high
mountains along the Colorado line, but isolated mountain ranges in

5 the interior probably hide endemic species still unknown.

Various short accounts of New Mexico and Arizona plants were
published by the earlier botanists of the United States. 1 These,

^however, are too incomplete and disconnected to be of much use for

•^identification purposes. Two or three more general works are avail-

. ^-able for use in New Mexico, but none is complete for any part of the

CsjState. The Botany of Western Texas, by Dr. J. M. Coulter, 2 contains

descriptions of a majority of the plants of southeastern New Mexico,

but the volume is not provided with keys to the species and the nomen-

1 See, Paul C. Standley. A bibliography of New Mexican botany. Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 13: 229 246. L910.
"Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2. 1891-94.

10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

clature is now antiquated. Dr. P. A. Rydberg's Flora of Colorado 1
is very satisfactory for use in the extreme northern part of the State.
Even here, however, many plants will be found which have not been
reported from Colorado and hence are not contained in that work,
many of our Southwestern species seeming to reach the northern limit
of their range just below the Colorado line. The new edition of
Coulter's Rocky Mountain Flora, as revised by Prof. Aven Nelson,
can be used in a limited way in northern New Mexico, but it will be
found to describe only a fraction of our plants.

The material upon which this flora is based is chiefly that in the
United States National Herbarium, in the herbarium of the New
Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Mesilla Park, and
in the private herbarium of E. O. Wooton, lately acquired by the
National Herbarium. In the National Herbarium are found sets of
nearly all the larger New Mexican collections, both early and recent,
such as those of Fendler, Bigelow, Wright, the first Mexican Boundary
Survey, Heller, Wooton, Earle, Metcalfe, and Standley. These
include duplicate types of most species that have been described from
the State. Of particular value are the large collections made by Dr.
E. A. Mearns in connection with the Mexican Boundary Survey of
1892 and 1893, and by members of the Biological Survey of the United
States Department of Agriculture in connection with their studies of
the-fauna of. New Mexico. There are also several smaller collections
in the same herbarium of which no duplicates exist.

The herbarium of the Agricultural College contains probably the
largest assemblage of New Mexican plants that has hitherto been
gathered. Here are found not only sets of the more recent generally
distributed collections, but several thousand plants collected by the
present writers of which few duplicates were obtained. Local col-
lectors in different parts of the State have forwarded collections from
time to time, some of which are of great interest.

The Wooton herbarium contains duplicates of many of Mr.
Wooton's collections deposited in the herbarium of the Agricultural
College, besides many specimens not to be found elsewhere. It also
includes sets of the plants collected by Dr. C. L. Herrick and Miss
A. I. Mulford.

The New Mexican ranges given for the listed species are based upon
the specimens in these herbaria. We have also examined New Mexi-
can material of certain groups in the herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden, besides collections lent by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell,
now of Boulder, Colorado, and Miss Charlotte C. Ellis, formerly of
Placitas, New Mexico.

The work of preparing the manuscript of the flora was carried on
chiefly at the National Herbarium during the years 1910, 1911, and

1 Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100. 1906.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY — FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 11

1912, although some prehminary work had been done previously at
the New Mexico Agricultural College. Descriptions of most of the
new species discovered in the course of the work have been published
in a recent part of the Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium. 1 Accounts of the Cactaceae and of the grasses and grass-
like plants have appeared as bulletins of the New Mexico Agricultural
Experiment Station. 2

It is our intention to publish in the near future, in the Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, an account of the phyto-
geography of the State. This will include a discussion of the life zones
and of the factors which influence them. There will also be a history
of botanical exploration in New Mexico, and a discussion of other
matters of botanical interest.

Under each species in the present volume we have cited the place of
publication, to facilitate reference to the original description. No
attempt has been made to give complete synonymy, the intention
being rather to enter only names having some more or less direct bear-
ing upon New Mexican botany. In citing data regarding habitat and
zonal distribution, only conditions inside the State have been con-
sidered. In other States some of the plants often occur in habitats
different from those we have indicated, although in all probability
zonal distribution is practically constant for the same plant in what-
ever region it may grow. 3 The generic diagnoses have been drawn
with only the New Mexican species in mind.

In the preparation of the flora we have received the assistance of
many persons, of whose aid we wish to express our appreciation. We
are especially indebted to the following for help in various ways:
Dr. E. L. Greene, Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. P. A. Kydberg, Dr. B. L.
Robinson, Prof. M. L. Fernald, Dr. J. H. Barnhart, Dr. Ezra Brainerd,
Mr. George V. Nash, Dr. J. K. Small, Mr. K. K. Mackenzie, Prof.
T. D. A. Cockerell, Mr. Vernon Bailey, Mr. E. A. Goldman, and Mr. C. R.
Ball, as well as several of our botanical associates in Washington.
Many residents of New Mexico have assisted by collecting specimens
and furnishing data concerning the distribution and uses of plants.
Our sincerest thanks are extended to numerous citizens of the State
who have always afforded all the assistance in their power to collecting
expeditions, which would have been impossible or unfruitful without
their labors so freely expended La our behalf.

1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 109-196. 1913.

2 ( Sacti in New Mexico. By E. O. Wooton. Bull. 78. 1911. The grasses and grass-
like plants of New Mexico. By E. 0. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Bull. 81. L912.

3 For an account of life zones ill New Mexico sec, Bailey, Vernon. Life zones and crop
zones of New Mexico. North American Fauna (U. S. Dent. Agr. Bur. Biol. Surv.)
35. L913.

12 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS.
SYNOPSIS OF THE LARGER GROUPS, WITH KEYS.

Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA.

Plants without flowers or .seeds, producing spores, each of which, on germination,
develops into a flat or irregular prothallium. The prothallia bear the reproductive
organs (antheridia and archegonia). As a result of the fertilization of an egg in the
archegonium by a sperm produced in the antheridia a fern or an allied plant -is
developed.

KEY TO THE ORDERS.

Leaves broad, entire or dissected; ferns or fernlike plants.

Spores of 1 kind, borne in sporangia; plants not aquatic... 1. FILICALES (p. 18).

Spores of 2 kinds, borne in sporocarps; aquatics 2. SALVTNIALES (p. 27).

Leaves narrow, scalelike or awllike; mosslike or rushlike plants.

Sporangia in a terminal cone; stems hollow 3. EQUISETALES (p. 28;.

Sporangia in the axils of small or leaflike bracts; stems solid.

4. LYCOPODIALES (p. 29).

Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA.

Plants with flowers which produce seeds. Microspores (pollen grains) borne in the
microsporangia (anther sacs) develop each into a tubular prothallium; a macrospore
(embryo sac) develops a minute prothallium and, together with the macrosporangium
(ovule) in which it is contained, ripens into a seed.

KEY TO THE CLASSES.

Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or scale; stigmas wanting.

1. GYMNOSPERMAE (p. 30).
Ovules and seeds borne in a closed cavity; stigmas present.

2. ANGIO SPERM AE (p. 39).

Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE.

KEY TO THE ORDERS.

Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments; perianth none; trees or shrubs with
needle-like or scalelike leaves 5. PINALES (p. 30).

Staminate flowers in aments; pistillate flowers single or in pairs; perianth present;
shrubs with jointed stems, the leaves reduced to sheathing scales.

6. GNETALES (p. 38).

Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE.

KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES.

Cotyledon 1; stems endogenous; leaves parallel- veined.

1. MONOCOTYLEDONES (p. 39).
Cotyledons normally 2; stems exogenous; leaves not parallel- veined, or rarely appar-
ently so 2. DICOTYLEDONES (p. 154).

WOOTO^T AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 13

Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

KEY TO THE ORDERS.

Perianth when present rudimentary or degenerate, often composed of bristles or mere
scales, not corolla-like, sometimes wanting.
Flowers in the axils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, bracts (scales or glumes).

10. POALES (p. 42).
Flowers not in the axils of dry or chaffy bracts.

Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales 7. PANDANALES (p. 39).

Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, or wanting.

Fruit baccate; endosperm present; plants 1 cm. broad or less, consisting
merely of a flat thallus with 1 or more roots, floating.

11. ARALES (p. 124).
Fruit drupaceous; endosperm wanting; aquatics with well-developed

stems 8. NAIADALES (p. 39).

Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner usually corolla-like.

Gyno?cium of distinct carpels 1 9. ALISMALES (p. 41).

Gynoecium of united carpels.

Endosperm mealy 12. XYRIDALES (p. 125).

Endosperm fleshy, horny, or cartilaginous.

Ovary and fruit superior 13. LILIALES (p. 127).

Ovary and fruit wholly or half inferior.

Endosperm present; flowers regular. 14. AMARYLLIDALES (p. 145).
Endosperm wanting; flowers irregular. .15. ORCHIDALES (p. 148).

Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES.

KEY TO THE ORDERS.

Corolla wanting.
Calyx wanting.
Herbs.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392).

Flowers mainly perfect.

Flowers spicate; styles wanting 16. PIPERALES (p. 154).

Flowers axillary; styles present.

(Callitrichaceae) 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392).
Trees or shrubs.

Fruit many-seeded; seeds each with a tuft of hairs.

17. SALICALES (p. 154).

Fruit 1-seeded; seeds without tufts of hairs 42. OLEALES (p. 495).

< !alyx present, at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers.

Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments or ament-like spikes; fruit a
nut or achene; trees or shrubs.
Leaves simple; ovule pendulous and anatropous.19. FAGALES (p. 163).
Leaves pinnate; ovule erect and orthotropous.

13. JTJGLANDALES (p. 161).

Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments; fruit various; herbs, trees, or
sh rubs.
Ovary inferior.

Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads.

(Ambrosiaceae) 60. ASTERALES (p. 618).

14 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

%

Flowers not in involucrate heads.

Fruit either a berry or a drupe or nutlike.

Stamens as many as the perianth segments and alternate
with them or else fewer.
(Tetragoniaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Stamens as many as the perianth segments and opposite
them or else twice as many.

(Families of) 37. MYRTALES (p. 459).
Fruit a capsule.

Sepals as many as the cells of the ovary or half as many.

37. MYRTALES (p. 459).
Sepals (4 or 5) at least twice as many as the cells of the

ovary (Saxifragaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).

Ovary superior.

Gynoecium of 1 carpel or several distinct carpels; stigma and styles
of each solitary.
Carpels several.

Stamens inserted below the ovary.

(Families of) 25. RAN ALES (p. 243).
Stamens inserted on the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium.
(Families of) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).
Carpels solitary.

Style lateral and oblique.

(Phytolaccaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Style axile, erect.

Ovary neither inclosed nor seated in a hypanthium or a
calyx tube.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves; aquatics.
(Ceratophyllaceae) 25. RANALES (p. 243).
Flowers not solitary in the axils of the leaves; terres-
trial plants. (Urticaceae) 20. URTICALES (p. 174).
Ovary inclosed in or seated in a hypanthium or a calyx
tube.
Stamens borne under the gyncecium.

(Allioniaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the

calyx tube 36. THYMELAEALES (p. 458).

Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels; stigmas or styles 2 to
several.
Ovary, by abortion, 1-celled and 1-ovuled.
Leaves with sheathing stipules.

23. POLYGONALES (p. 181).
Leaves exstipulate, or the stipules, if present, not sheathing.

Trees or shrubs (Ulmaceae) 20. URTICALES (p. 174).

Herbs or vines.
Stipules herbaceous; inflorescence spicate or racemose;
leaf blades palmately veined.

(Cannabinaceae) 20. URTICALES (p. 174).
Stipules scarious or hyaline or none; inflorescence
cymose; leaf blades pinnately veined.

(Families of) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).

Ovary several-celled, or with several placentae, several-ovuled.

Stamens perigynous or epigynous, inserted on the margin

of a hypanthium or a disk.

Fruit a samara.. .(Aceraceae) 31. SAPINDALES (p. 405).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 15

Fruit not a samara.

Fruit drupelike or berry-like; trees or shrubs.

32. RHAMNALES (p. 412).
Fruit a capsule ; herbs.

22. ARISTOLOCHIALES (p. 181).
Stamens hypogynous, inserted under the gyncecium in the
perfect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious.

(Euphorbiaceae) 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392).
Flowers perfect.
Stamens tetradynamous.

(Brassicaceae) 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260).
Stamens not tetradynamous.

24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Corolla present.
Petals more or less united.
Ovary inferior.
Stamens with their filaments free from the corolla.

Stamens 10; anther sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks.

(Yaceiniaceae) 39. ERICALES (p. 486).
Stamens 5 or fewer: anther sacs opening by longitudinal slits.

48. CAMPANULALES (p. 612).
Stamens adnate to the corolla.
Ovary with 1 fertile cavity.

Flower- in involucrate heads 50. ASTERALES (p. 618).

Flowers not in involucrate heads 49. VALERIANALES (p. 617).

Ovary with 2 to many fertile cavities.
Plants tendril-bearing.

(Cucurbitaceae) 48. CAMPANULALES (p. 612).
Plants not tendril-bearing.

Ovules mostly on basal placenta 1 ; plants parasitic

21. SANTALALES (p. 177).
Ovules not on basal placentae; plants not parasitic.

47. RTTBIALES (p. 603).
Ovary superior.

Stamens free from the corolla.

Gyncecium of a single carpel (Families of) 27. ROSALES (p. 201).

Gyncecium of several united carpels.

Filaments distinct (Families of) 39. ERICALES (p. 486).

Filaments united.

Stamens diadelphous (Fumariaceae) 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260).

Stamens monadelphoua.

Anther ^aos opening by slits.

(Oxalidaceae) 28. GERANIALES i .p. 379).
Anther sacs opening by pores.

Calyx and corolla very irregular 29. POLYGALALES (p. 390).

Calyx and corolla regular.. .(Families of) 39. ERICALES (p. 486).
Stamens partially adnate to the corolla.

Stamens as many :i- tin- lodes of the corolla and opposite them, or twice as
rrrany or more.
< )v:uy L-celled.

Placenta central or basal 40. primtjlales (p. 490).

Placenta parietal (Fouquieriaceae) W. hypericales p 127).

16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Ovary several-celled.
Upper portion of ovaries distinct. (Crassulaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).

Upper portion of ovaries united 41. EBENALES (p. 495).

Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them or fewer.
Corolla scarious, veinless; fruit a pyxis.. 46. PLANTAGINALES (p. 602).
Corolla not scarious, veiny; fruit not a pyxis.
Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex.

Style terminal 44. ASCLEPIADALES (p. 503).

Style basal (Dichondraceae) 45. POLEMONIALES (p. 513).

Carpels united.
Ovary 1-celled, with central placentae. . .43. GENTIAN ALES (p. 497).
Ovary 2 or 3-celled or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with parietal

placenta; 45. POLEMONIALES (p. 513).

Petals distinct, at least at the base.
Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base.

Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (this very small in some Saxifragaceae).

27. ROSALES (p. 291).
Stamens at the base of the receptacle, hypogynous.

Flowers in monoecious heads (Platanaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).

Flowers not in monoecious heads.

Plants with firm stems and leaves, not succulent. .25. RAN ALES (p. 243).
Plants with succulent stems and leaves.

(Crassulaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).
Carpels several and united.
Ovary inferior.
Stamens numerous.

Hypanthium produced beyond the ovary.

(Families of) 37. MYRTALES (p. 459).
Hypanthium not produced beyond the ovary.

Ovary partly inferior (Hydrangeaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).

Ovary wholly inferior 35. OPUNTIALES (p. 431).

Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals.
Styles wanting. (Stigmas sessile; aquatics.)

(Gunneraceae) 37. MYRTALES (p. 459).
Styles present.
Styles distinct.
Ovules solitary in each cell; fruit a drupe or of 2 to 5 more or less united

achenes 38. UMBELLALES (p. 474).

Ovules several in each cell; fruit a capsule or a fleshy, many-seeded,
berry.
Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate. .(Families of) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).
Fruit circumscissile.

(Portulacaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Styles united or single.

Plants with tendrils; fruit a pepo.

(Cucurbitaceae) 48. CAMPANULALES (p. 612).
Plants without tendrils; fruit not a pepo.
Ovary exceeding the hypanthium, the top free.

(Hydrangeaceae) 27. ROSALES (p 291).
Ovary inclosed in or surpassed by the hypanthium or adnate to it.

Ovules solitary in each cell 38. UMBELLALES (p. 474).

Ovules several in each cell.
Ovary with parietal placentae.

(Loasaceae) 35. OPUNTIALES (p. 431).
Ovary with central or basal placenta;.

(Families of) 37. MYRTALES (p. 459).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 17

Ovary superior.

Stamens inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (perigynous or hypo-
gynous).
Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them.
Styles and upper part of the ovaries distinct; ovules and seeds many.

(Saxifragaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).
Styles united; ovules and seeds solitary or 2 . .32. RHAMNALES (p. 412).
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them or more.

Styles distinct (Saxifragaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).

Styles united.

Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate; disk obsolete or incon-
spicuous 37. MYRTALES (p. 459).

Hypanthium flat or obsolete; disk fleshy.
Plants with secreting glands in the bark.

(Rutaceae) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379).
Plants without secreting glands in the bark.

31. SAPINDALES (p. 405).
Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle.
Stamens numerous.

Sepals valvate; filaments united 33. MALVALES (p. 416).

Sepals imbricated; filaments various 28. PAP AVER ALES (p. 260).

Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals.
Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them.
Anther sacs opening by hinged valves.

(Berberidaceae) 25. RANALES (p. 243).
Anther sacs opening by slits.

Flowers monoecious 30. ETJPHORBIALES (p. 392).

Flowers perfect.

Ovules and seeds several or many; embryo coiled.

(Portulacaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Ovules and seeds solitary; embryo straight.

(Plumbaginaceae) 40. PRIMULALES (p. 490).
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them or more, some-
times twice as many.
Stamens 6; petals 4; sepals 2 or 4.

(Families of) 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260).
Stamens, petals, and sepals of the same number, or stamens more than
the sepals or petals, then usually twice as many.
Ovary 1-celled.
Ovules and seeds on basal or central placenta?.

(Families of) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198).
Ovules and seeds on parietal placenta;.

Stamens with united filaments (no staminodia).

33. MALVALES (p. 416).
Stamens with distinct filaments.
Staminodia present. (Pamassiaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291).
Staminodia wanting.

(Families of) 34. HYPERICALES (p. 427).
Ovary several-celled.
Stamens adnate to the gyncecium.

| A 3cleE»aaceae) 44. ASCLEPIADALES (p. 503).
Stamens not adnate I" the gyncecium.
Filaments wholly or partly united.
Anthers opening by long slil

(Families of) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379).
52576°— 15 2

18 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Anthers opening by pores 29. POLYGALALES (p. 390).

Filaments distinct.
Anthers opening by pores.

(Families of) 39. ERICALES (p. 486).
Anthers opening by slits.

Stigmas and styles distinct and cleft, or foliaceous, or united

by pairs 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392).

Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united, neither cleft nor
foliaceous.

Stamens 2 42. OLEALES (p. 495).

Stamens more than 2.
Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.

34. HYPERICALES (p. 427).
Ovules solitary in each carpel.

(Families of) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379).

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE.

Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA.

Order 1. FILICALES.

1. POLYPODIACEAE. Fern Family.

The only family of the order in New Mexico.

Notwithstanding the dryness of the climate, New Mexico has a considerable number
of true ferns. With one exception they grow in the mountains. Most of the species
occur in crevices or under overhanging rocks in the drier and warmer mountain ranges.
A few of the more delicate ones live only in moist, cool forests in rich soil. A few
others occur on high mountain peaks.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Mature sori round or little elongated, appearing as sepa-
rate small dots on the back of the frond.
Fronds once pinnate or pinnatifid, having few large
pinnae.
Sori furnished with an indusium ; leaf margins

spinulose 10. Phanerophlebia (p. 26).

Sori naked; leaf margins not spinulose 13. Polypoditjm (p. 27).

Fronds mostly twice pinnate or pinnatifid, having
many small pinnules 1 cm. long or less.
Indusium superior, cordate or reniform, fixed

at the sinus 9. Dryopteris (p. 25).

Indusium inferior or lateral.

Indusium inferior, breaking at maturity

into stellate lobes 12. Woodsia (p. 26).

Indusium lateral, thrown back at maturity

as a delicate hood 11. Filix (p. 26).

Mature sori elongated, oblong to linear, mostly con-
fluent.
Sori naked.

Sori scattered on the back of the frond, follow-
ing the course of the veins, branching 1. Bommeria (p. 19).

Sori marginal, near the ends of the veins, some-
times covered at first by the reflexed
edges of the pinnae 2. Notholaena (p. 19),

WOOTON AND STANDLEY— FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 19

Sori with indusia.

Sori dorsal, not marginal.

Sori straight; fronds once pinnate; stipes

dark-colored 7. Asplenium (p. 24).

Sori more or less curved; fronds twice

pinnate; stipes stramineous 8. Athyrium (p. 25).

Sori marginal, covered by reflexed edges of the
pinnae.
Reflexed margin discontinuous, appearing

as separate large indusia 3. Adiantum (p. 21).

Reflexed margin continuous around each

pinna.

An inner indusium present, making

the covering of the sori double;

fronds large, 40 to 100 cm.

long 4. Pteridium (p. 21).

Inner indusium wanting, the covering

of the sori single ; fronds in ours

never over 30 cm. long.

Pinnules minute, beadlike, hairy

(except in C. wrighlii,

which resembles the next

genus), not coriaceous 5. Cheilanthes (p. 21).

Pinnules larger, 3 mm. long or
more, glabrous (except in
P. aspera), coriaceous 6. Pellaea (p. 23).

1. BOMMERIA Fourn.

Rootstocks creeping; fronds 5-angled , pinnate, hispid above, tomentose beneath;
6ori oblong or linear, following the course of the veinlets, exindusiate.

1. Bommeriahispida (Mett.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 633. 1902.

Gymnogramme hispida Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 72. 1869.

Gymnopteris hispida Underw. Native Ferns ed. 6. 84. 1900.

Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Texas to New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Bear Mountains; Organ Mountains; 5 miles east of San Lorenzo;
Mimbres River; Silver City; Florida Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

2. NOTHOLAENA R. Br. Cloak fern.

Sori marginal, at first round or oblong, soon confluent into a narrow naked band;
veins free; fronds various.

Our species are of somewhat varied aspect, three of them (Eunotholaena) of distinct
form, one resembling a Bommeria, and two others such that they might pass for Pel-
laeas. Some of them are very common in the dry rocky foothills, while two of the
species are rare in our range.

key to the species.

Fronds covered more or less abundantly with scales or hairs, not
farinose, once pinnate.
Fronds densely woolly beneath, the wool at first white,

becoming ferruginous 1 . N. bonariensis.

Fronds scaly on both sides, the scales at first white, changing
to darker.

20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Plants small, 10 to 15 cm. high; pinnae rotund, entire

or 2 or 3-toothed 2a. N. sinuata inte-

gerrima.
Plants larger, 20 to 30 cm. high; pinnae oblong, sinuate,

several-toothed 2. N. sinuata.

Fronds farinose beneath, neither hairy nor scaly.

Lower surface of fronds bright yellow; fronds pentagonal in

outline, barely bipinnate 3. N. hookeri.

Lower surface of fronds white; fronds deltoid -ovate in out-
line, tripinnate or quadripinnate.
Rachises nearly straight; pinnules opposite, mostly sim-
ple, the terminal ones rarely lobed 4. N. dealbata.

Rachises and all their branches flexuous; pinnules alter-
nate, the ultimate ones frequently 3-lobed 5. N.fendleri.

1. Notholaena bonariensis (Willd.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 6. 1905.
Acrostichum bonariense Willd. Sp. PL 5: 114. 1810.

Cincinalis ferruginea Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 311. 1811.
Notholaena ferruginea Hook. Journ. de Bot. 1: 92. 1813.
Type locality: "Bonaria" (Argentina).

Range : Arizona and western Texas to Central and South America.
New Mexico: Organ and Dona Ana mountains. Dry hills, among rocks, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Notholaena sinuata (Swartz) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 135. 1824.
Acrostichum sinuatum Swartz, Syn. Fil. 14. 1806.

Type locality: Peru.

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico and South America.

New Mexico: Black Range; San Luis, Big Hatchet, Carrizalillo, and Bear moun-
tains; Animas Valley; Tortugas Mountain; Florida, Organ, and Guadalupe moun-
tains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

Reported from Las Lagunitas near Las Vegas by T. S. Brandegee.

2a. Notholaena sinuata integerrima Hook. Sp. Fil. 5: 108. 1864.

Type locality: Mexico.

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Black Range; Big Hatchet Mountains; Organ Mountains; Tortugas
Mountain; White Mountains; Queen; Lakewood. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

3. Notholaena hookeri D. C. Eaton in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6:

308. pi. 30. 1879.

Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro Mountain; Burro Mountains; Kingston; San Luis Moun-
tains; Tres Hermanas; Florida Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains.
Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

Also reported from Las Lagunitas, near Las Vegas, by T. S. Brandegee.

4. Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Kunze, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 6: 82. 1848.
Cheilanthes dealbata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 671. 1814.

Notholaena nivea dealbata Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 44. 1883.

Type locality: ' 'On rocks on the banks of the Missouri. "

Range: Nebraska and Missouri to New Mexico and Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Burro Mountains; Big Hatchet Mountains; Lookout Mines; Tor-
tugas Mountain; V Pasture. On limestone cliffs, dry hills, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOKA OF NEW MEXICO. 21

Reported from the following localities: Las Lagunitas near Las Vegas, T. S. Bran-
degee; San Domingo, Bigelow; Sandia Mountains, Ferris.

5. Notholaena fendleri Kunze, Farrnkr. 2: 87. pi. 136. 1851.

Type locality: "In New Mexico. " Type collected by Fendler.

Range : Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona, and in northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Dona; Socorro; Cross L Ranch. Dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

The type is Fendler 's 1017a, collected in 1847 near Santa Fe. Although named from
New Mexico, the species is very rare in the State, ranging mainly farther north.

3. ADIANTUM L. Maiden-hair fern.

Sori marginal, short, covered by a flaplike reflexed portion of the edge of the pin-
nule, on the free but approximate tips of forking veins; fronds bipinnate; stipes slen-
der, black, wiry; pinnules mostly obovate-cuneate, with a few incised teeth.

1. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Sp. PI. 1096. 1753. Venus-hair fern.

Adiantum modesturn Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 46. 1901.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europa australi."

Range: Virginia and Florida, westward across the continent except in the extreme
northwest.

New Mexico: Eight miles northwest of Reserve; East Fork of the Gila; San
Andreas Mountains; Kingston; South Spring River. Damp cliffs, in the Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones.

The type of Adiantum modesturn is Earle's 261 from South Spring River. If dif-
fers slightly from our other specimens in having broader, more rounded segments.
When one examines a large series of specimens of A . capillus-veneris it is seen that it
is a variable species and that A. modesturn is hardly more than a local variation.

4. PTERIDITJM Scop. Bracken.

This is a coarse fern of almost world-wide distribution that occurs in the mountains
of this State in parklike openings and beside small streams where the soil is rich
and water plentiful. It is ordinarily not over 60 cm. high, but sometimes readies
a height of 2 meters. We have only one representative of the genus, the western or
pubescent form.

1. Pteridium. aquilinum pubescens Underw. Native Ferns ed. 6. 91. 1900.
Type locality: "Utah, California, and northward."
Range: Western North America from New Mexico to British Columbia.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains;

Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Open slopes, in the

Transition and Canadian zones.

5. CHEILANTHES Swartz. Lip fern.

Sori terminal or nearly so on all the veins, at first very small and rounded, later
confluent; imlusium consisting of the reflexed margins of the pinnules, in ours (except
one species) continuous all around the pinnule.

With the exception of C. v/rightii our species belong to that division of the genua
having very minute, beadlike segments with the whole margin reflexed. Tiny grow
in crevicea of rocks and on ledges oi cliffs in the mountains, generally between eleva-
tions of L,450 and 2,100 meters.

22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Pinnules smooth; indusia not continuous 1. C. wrightii.

Pinnules more or less pubescent or scaly ; indusia continuous about
the pinnules.
Fronds tomentose, not scaly.

Stipes densely tufted, at first woolly, becoming glabrate;

fronds small, 10 cm. long or less 2. C.feei.

Stipes tufted, not so numerous, covered with brown to-
mentum and a few narrow scales; fronds larger, 20

to 40 cm. long 3. C. eatoni.

Fronds scaly beneath.

Fronds not at all tomentose, glabrous and bright green or

with a few scales above 4. C.fendleri.

Fronds both tomentose and scaly beneath.

Stipes tufted from a short thick rootstock; fronds to-
mentose to glabrate above, densely matted-
woolly and scaly beneath 5. C. myriophylla.

Stipes scattered on a long slender rootstock; fronds
white-tomentose above, very chaffy beneath,
with cinnamon-brown scales 6. C. lindheimeri.

1. Cheilanthes wrightii Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 87. pi. 110. A. 1858.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico.
New Mexico: Telegraph Mountains; Bear Mountains; Condes Camp. Upper So-
noran Zone.

2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Ind. Fil. 38. 1857.
Myriopteris gracilis Fee, Gen. Fil. 150. 1850-2.

Cheilanthes gracilis Mett. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. Frankfurt 3: 80. 1859-61, not Kaulf.
1824.

Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 99. 1858, as synonym.

Type locality: "Habitat ad rupes circa Hillsboro, in America Septentr."

Range: Illinois and Minnesota to British Columbia, south to Arizona, Texas, and
Mexico.

New Mexico: On cliffs, throughout the State, at lower altitudes. Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

This is probably the commonest fern in the State, occurring most frequently in
crevices in the perpendicular faces of limestone cliffs, especially under projecting
ledges. Its stipes are always short, and the fronds mostly lie flat against the rocks.
It is not restricted to limestone, but is found much less frequently on other rocks.

3. Cheilanthes eatoni Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 140. 1868.
Cheilanthes tomentosa eatoni Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 49. 1883.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Western Texas to Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; San Mateo Peak; Sandia Mountains; Socorro;
Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; Burro Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Dona
Ana and Organ mountains; White and Capitan mountains; Tucumcari Mountain;
Queen. In the drier mountains and foothills, Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

4. Cheilanthes fendleri Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 103. pi. 107. B. 1858.
Type locality: New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 1015).
Range: Western Texas to Colorado, westward to California.

New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges. Among rocks, in the Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones.

WOOTON" AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 23

5. Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 328. 1811.
Cheilanthes villosa Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 45. 1883.

Type locality: South America.
Range: Texas to Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Big Hatchet Mountains; North Percha Creek; Bishops Cap-, Han-
over Mountain; Sacramento Mountains. Upper Son oran Zone.

6. Cheilanthes lindheimeri Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 101. pi. 107. A. 1858.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Burro Mountains; Telegraph Mountains; Tres Hermanas; Florida
Mountains; Dona Ana and Organ mountains. Among rocks on the lower slopes of
the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

6. PELLAEA Link. Cliff brake.

Sori intramarginal, terminal on the veins as dots, or decurrent, at length confluent,
forming a marginal band; indusium formed by the reflexed margin of the pinnules,
commonly broad and membranous.

Our species all belong to the division having coriaceous bluish green pinnules with
inconspicuous veins, most of them having dark brown or glossy black stipes. They
occur in crevices and under rocks in the drier mountains at altitudes below 2,000
meters.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Indusium narrow, concealed by the maturing sporangia; stipes

pinkish-stramineous; rootstocks slender, widely creeping. . 1. P. intermedia.
Indusium broad, conspicuous; stipes dark brown to black; root-
stocks short and thick, 2 to 3 cm. long.

Fronds and stipes rough-hairy throughout 2. P. scabra.

Fronds and stipes glabrous.

Pinnules obtuse or barely acute.

Fronds pinnate above, bipinnate below; pinnules
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 20 mm.

long 3. P. atropurpurea.

Fronds quadri pinnate below, simpler above; pin-
nules oval to cordate-ovate, 5 mm. long or less,

very numerous 4. P. pulcfiella.

Pinnules distinctly, although shortly, mucronate.

Fronds narrowly oblong, bipinnate; pinnae tri-

foliolate 5. P. terni/olia.

Fronds broadly lanceolate to deltoid, bipinnate;
pinnules numerous on each rachilla, the termi-
nal one usually largest 6. P. mucronata.

1. Pellaea intermedia Melt.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 84. 1869.
Type locality: Mexico.

Range: Texas to Arizona.

New Mexico: Black Range; Burro Mountains; Florida Mountains; Tortugas
Mountain; Organ and San Andreas mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Pellaea scabra ('. Chr. Ind. Fil. 172. L905.

Cheilanthes aspera Eook. Sp. Fil. 2: 111. />/. 10S. A. 1858, not Kaulf. 1881.
Pellaea aspera Baker in Hook. & linker, Syn. Fil. 148. 1868.
Tvi'K i.ucauty: Western Texas.
Range: Western Texas to Arizona

Xiw Mexico: Collected by the Mexican Boundary Survey (no. 1581) near the
Copper Mines. Dry hills.

24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841.
Pteris atropurpurea L. Sp. PI. 1076. 1753.

Type locality: " Habitat in Virginia. "

Range: Ontario and British Columbia to Georgia, Texas, Arizona, and California.

New Mexico: Black Range; San Luis Mountains; Florida Mountains; Mangas
Springs; Organ Mountains; highest point of the Llano Estacado; Queen. Thickets in
the lower parts of the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

4. Pellaea pulcheUa (Mart. & Gal.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 129. 1850-52.

Allosorus pulchellus Mart. & Gal. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Brux. 15: 47. pi. 10. f. 1.

1842.
Type locality: "Dans la Cordillere au sud de Sola," Mexico.
Range: Western Texas to southeastern New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico.
New Mexico : Queen ( Wooton) . Crevices of limestone rocks, dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

5. Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841.
Pteris ternifolia Cav. Descr. PI. 266. 1802.

Type locality: Andes of Peru.

Range: Western Texas to southern New Mexico and southward.

New Mexico: Organ Mountain (Wooton). Upper Sonoran Zone.

This species is rare in New Mexico. We are doubtful of the determination of the
Organ Mountain plant, since it is the only specimen collected at this station, although
ferns have been collected there frequently and search has been made for the species.
Our specimen is possibly a form of P. mucronata.

Doctor Underwood has reported a specimen from Socorro, collected in 1895 by
Plank, and Mr. M. E. Jones reports having obtained it at Silver City in 1903. The
species is not uncommon in Chihuahua.

6. Pellaea mucronata D. C. Eaton in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 233. 1859.

Allosorus mucronatus D. C. Eaton, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 22: 138. 1856.

Pellaea wrightiana Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 142. pi. 115. B. 1858.

Type locality: "Clefts of rocks in the hills near the bay of San Francisco,
California."

Range: Kansas and Texas to Arizona and California and southward.

New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Socorro; Burro Mountains; Santa Rita; Florida
Mountains; Dona Ana and Organ mountains. In the drier mountains and foothills,
Upper Sonoran Zone.

This has usually been referred to as P. wrightiana. Wright's 2130 from Santa Rita
is the type of P. wrightiana. It is one of the commonest species of the southern part
of the State.

7. ASPLENIUM L. Spleenwort.

Sori oblong or linear, oblique, separate; indusia straight or very rarely curved,
opening toward the midrib when single, toward each other when paired; veins all
free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Pinnae 2 to 5, linear-cuneate; rachis green :. 1. A.septentrionale.

Pinnae numerous, 10 to 30 pairs, oblong to oval; rachis brown or
black.
Plants tall, 10 to 25 cm. high; stipes black; pinnse oblong.. 2. A.resiliens.
Plants smaller, 15 cm. high or less; stipes purplish brown;

pinnee oval 3. A . trichomanes.

WOOTON" AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 25

1. Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 2: 12. 1795.
Acrostichum septentrionale L. Sp. PI. 1068. 1753.

Belvisia septentrionalis Mirb. Hist. Nat. PL 4: 65. 1803.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae fissuris rupium."

Range: Black Hills of South Dakota to New Mexico and Arizona; also in Europe.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; highest point of the Llano Estacado; Cross L Ranch;
Santa Rita; Ben Moore. Upper Sonoran Zone.

This grows in the crevices of rocks or beneath overhanging ledges. It is small and
almost grasslike, so that it is easily overlooked.

2. Asplenium resiliens Kunze, Linnaea 18: 331. 1844.

Asplenium parvulum Mart. & Gal. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Brux. 15: 60. pi. 15. f. 3.

1842, not Hook. 1840.
Type locality: Mexico.

Range: Virginia and Florida to Kansas, Texas, and Arizona.
New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Santa Rita; Florida Mountains. Upper Sonoran
Zone.

3. Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. PL 1080. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae fissuris rupium."
Range: British America to Alabama, Texas, and Arizona.

New Mexico: Las Vegas Moun tains; Mogollon Mountains; Santa Rita; Organ
Mountains. Damp slopes, Upper Sonoran to Transition Zone.

8. ATHYRIUM Roth.

Rootstocks stout; fronds large, oblong-ovate, twice pinnate; sori usually curved,
oblong; indusium straight or curved, opening along the side nearest the midrib.

1. Athyrium filix-foemina (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 65. 1800. Lady fern.

Poly podium filix-foemina L. Sp. PL 1090. 1753.

Asplenium filix-foemina Bernh. Neu. Journ. Bot. Schrad. I 2 : 26. 1806.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae frigidioris subhumidis."

Range: Throughout most of temperate North America; in New Mexico only in
the mountains.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Winsor Creek; Brazos Canyon. Transition
Zone.

The lady fern is not common anywhere in the State, but has been found by a few
collectors in cool, shaded canyons beside running streams.

9. DRYOPTERIS Adans.

Rootstocks stout and thick; fronds broadly oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid or
bipinnate, 20 to 60 cm. long; sori dorsal, rounded, the indusium orbicular-reniform.

1. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. Mali: fern.

I '< >l i/podium filix-mas L. Sp. PL 1090. 1753.

Aspidium filix-mas Swartz, Journ. But. Schrad. 1800 2 : 38. 1801.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae syrvis."

Range: British America to Michigan, New Mexico, and California.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Rito de las Frijoles; Las Vegas Mountains; Organ
Mountains; Ruidoso Creek. Transition Zone.

The specimens here listed are doubtfully referred to this species, but they repre-
sent one of the forms which pass under the name. Further study may resull in a
change of name for the southwestern form. It is nowhere common in our range, but

always seems well adjusted to its habital wherever it OCCUTS.

26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

10. PHANEROPHLEBIA Presl.

Rootstcok Bhort and creeping; fronds pinnate, the pinnae 10 to 16, usually auriculate
at the base, sen-ate or incised; sori round, borne on the back of forking veins; indusium
peltate, opening all around the margin.

1. Phanerophlebia auriculata Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 212. pi. 359. f 3, 4.
1899.
Aspidium juglandifolium of authors, in part, not Kunze.
Type locality: "Cool damp cliffs, Mapula Mountains, Chihuahua."
Range: Mountains of southern Arizona and New Mexico and western Texas.
New Mexico: Organ Mountains. Transition Zone.

11. FILIX Adans.

Fronds oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 30 cm. long, 2 to 3-pinnatifid, thin, bright green;
sori roundish, each borne on the back of a vein; indusium membranous, hoodlike,
attached by a broad base on its inner side.

1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Native Ferns ed. 6. 119. 1900. Brittle fern.

Poly podium fragile L. Sp. PI. 1091. 1753.

Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1: 26. 1806.

Type locality: "Habitat in collibus Europae frigidioris."

Range: Throughout temperate North America, and in temperate regions around
the world.

New Mexico: Common in all the mountains from the Black Range and White
Mountains northward. Transition Zone.

12. WOODSIA R. Br.

Sori orbicular, borne on the back of simply forked, free veins; indusium inferior,
thin, in ours conspicuous, breaking at the top and splitting into several laciniate
lobes.

Ferns with much the aspect of the fragile fern, but the fronds stiffer and the divi-
sions shorter, the indusial characters, also, different.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Fronds lanceolate; pinnae short, triangular- lanceolate, not glan-
dular 1. W. mexicana.

Fronds broader than lanceolate; pinnae longer, the subdivisions

broader, glandular-hairy 2. W. pluminerae.

1. Woodsia mexicana Fee, Mem. Foug. 7: 66. 1854.

Type locality: "Habitat in Republica Mexicana, prope San Angel."

Range: Western Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Winsors Ranch; Rio Pueblo; Sierra
Grande; Magdalena Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Organ Mountains; Gilmores
Ranch. Transition Zone.

2. Woodsia plummerae Lemmon, Bot. Gaz. 7: 6. 1882.

Woodsia obtusa glandulosa D. C. Eaton & Faxon, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 50. 1882.
Type locality: "On the north side of a high peak of the Chirricahua Mountains,"
Arizona.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona.
New Mexico: Burro Mountains (Rusby).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 27

13. POLYPODIXJM L. Polypody.

Rootstocks elongated; fronds 5 to 20 cm. long, once pinnatifid into linear-oblong,
obtuse or acute segments; sori rounded, exindusiate, borne at the ends of the veina
midway between the margin and midrib.

1. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 200. 1900.

Type locality: Coyote Canyon, Lake Chelan, Washington.

Range: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sandia Mountains (Miss C. C. Ellis). Damp woods.

Miss Ellis reports that this is found in crevices and under rocks near Balsam, in
Lagunita, and on ridges between the latter place and Las Huertas Canyon. The
species should occur in some of the ranges in the western part of the State.

Order 2. SALVINIALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Creeping plants with 4-parted petioled leaves of

medium size 2. MARSILEACEAE (p. 27).

Minute floating plants with closely imbricated, lobed

fronds 3. SALVINIACEAE (p. 27).

2. MARSILEACEAE.
1. MARSILEA L.

Herbaceous perennials growing in muddy places, with slender creeping stems and
4-foliolate long-petioled leaves; sporocarps borne at the base, in ours almost sessile,
hard, reniform, 2-valved, several-celled, containing both kinds of spores.

A single species so far obtained in New Mexico, but others will probably be found
growing about pools in the mountains.

A specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium obtained by one of the collectors of
the Mexican Boundary Survey is determined as M. uncinata A. Br. The label shows
nothing as to place or time of collection. The published report states that Doctor
Bigelow obtained this species in New Mexico, without further locality. The specimen
referred to is very small but is probably correctly determined.

1. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Icon. Fil. 2: pi. 159. 1831.

Type locality: "Ad flumenColumbiam, ora occidentali AmericaeSeptentrionalis."

Range: Arkansas and Texas to California, north to Washington and British
Columbia.

New Mexico: Queen (Wooton). In mud.

The single station at which this plant was found was near the top of the Upper
Sonoran Zone, but the same species was collected by Wright near San Elizario, Texas,
which is Lower Sonoran, while the range given by most authors suggests the Transition.

3. SALVINIACEAE.

1. AZOLLA Lain.

Small floating plants with a more or less elongated and sometimes branching axis
bearing leaves; Bporocarpa soft, thin-walled, two or more on a stalk, l-celled; m<
Bporangia containing 1 megaspore, the microeporangia bearing numerous microspores.

1. Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 541. 1810.
Type locality: "Habitat in aqnis Carolinae
Rangk: New York to Florida, west to California and < Oregon
New Mexico: Animas Creek i \£etoalft 1110). Floating in still water.

28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Order 3. EQUISETALES.

4. EQTJISETACEAE. Horsetail Family.
1. EQUISETUM L. Horsetail.

Plant body rushlike, with jointed, mostly hollow stems; leaves reduced to a whorl
of scales forming'a sheath at the nodes; sporangia forming a terminal cone composed
of peltate scales bearing several sporangia; spores all alike, supplied with coiled elaters
attached at the middle and coiled spirally about the spore; prothallia terrestrial,
green, usually dioecious.

The family includes the plants which go under the name of "scouring rushes" or
"horsetails," which, while very numerous in past ages of the world, are now reduced
to a single genus.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Annual; plant of two forms, one spore-bearing the other vege-
tative; vegetative form much branched, with slender 4-angled

branches; spore-bearing form not branched, brown 1. E. arvense.

Perennial, not dimorphous, if branched at all the branches similar
to the main stems.
Stems nearly smooth, the tubercles inconspicuous; sheaths
spreading upward; teeth deciduous, leaving a ring of

triangular black tips 2. E. laevigatum.

Stems rough, the tubercles conspicuous; sheaths usually little
or not at all spreading upward; teeth mostly adherent
to the bases.
Stems generally less than 70 cm. high, frequently branched

from the base 3. E. hiemale.

Stems generally taller, 1 meter high or more, very hard and

rough, usually little or not at all branched 4. E. robustum.

1. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. PL 1061. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Europse agris, pratis."

Range: British America to Virginia, New Mexico, and California.

New Mexico: Taos; Rio Pueblo; Mogollon Mountains. Mountains, in the Transi-
tion Zone.

This is the common horsetail of the mountains, growing in A'ery wet soil beside
running water. It is usually associated with grasses, rushes, and sedges which cover
the swampy meadows at elevations of 1,800 meters and more. Such meadows or
marshy places usually go under the name of "eienaga" (frequently corrupted to
"siniky"') or the diminutive " cienaguilla. " The horsetail may be readily recognized
in the vegetative state by its cluster of 4-angled jointed stems about 2 mm. in diameter,
of a bright green color, that bear no proper leaves. The spore-bearing stalks are brown,
6 to 8 mm. in diameter, 10 to 20 cm. high, and bear their cones singly at the top. They
appear early in the spring, shed their spores, and soon die.

2. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 87. 1844.

Smooth scouring rush.

Type locality: "On poor clayey soil, with Andropogon and other coarse grasses,
at the banks of the river below St. Louis."

Range: New Jersey and Louisiana to British Columbia, California, and Texas.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Chama; Taos; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains;
Ramah; Albuquerque; Mogollon Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Ruidoso Creek. In
wet ground, in the Transition Zone, or lower, along streams.

This is the chief scouring rush of the mountains, its smooth, hollow, jointed stems
being common along most of the mountain streams and in the cienagas. There is but

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 29

one kind of stem produced; branching above the base is rare except when the plant is
injured. Sometimes, though not frequently, it is somewhat branched from the base.
The rather delicate texture and the somewhat spreading, smooth-topped, long sheaths
tipped by a row of triangular black dots are characteristic.

3. Equisetum hiemale L. Sp. PI. 1062. 1753. Scouring rush.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europse sylvis, asperis, uliginosis."

Range: North America north of Mexico.

New Mexico: Reserve; Gilmores Ranch; near Las Vegas, on the Gallinas River;
Rio Grande near Mesilla.

This is a common rush along the streams and ditches. The form here referred to
is that spoken of as E. hiemale intermedium by Mr. A. A. Eaton.

4. Equisetum. robustum A. Br. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 88. 1844.
Type locality: "Islands of the Mississippi River in Louisiana."
Range: New Jersey and Louisiana, westward across the continent.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Mesilla; Mogollon Mountains.
Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

The large scouring rush occurs not uncommonly along the rivers and irrigating
ditches at the lower levels of the State. It may not be sufficiently distinct from
E. hiemale.

Order 4. LYCOPODIALES.

5. SELAGINELLACEAE. Selaginella Family.

Mosslike terrestrial plants, usually only a few centimeters high; stems slender,
branching, erect or trailing; leaves small and scalelike, arranged in 4 to many rows;
sporangia 1-celled, globose, of two kinds, viz. , megasporangia bearing 4 megaspores
and microsporangia bearing many microspores, borne at the bases of the sporophylls,
these differing little from foliage leaves.

1. SELAGINELLA Beauv.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Plants erect, tufted, with roots only on the lower part; leaves with
long terminal bristles and numerous marginal hairs on each

side; plants grayish green 1. S. rupincola.

Plantd more or less prostrate, forming mats, mostly rooting along
the stems; leaves various; plants grayish or bright green.
Stems very short, 6 cm. long or less; strobiles erect, 4-angled,

usually longer than the vegetative branches 2. S. densa.

Stems longer, 10 cm. or more; strobiles various.

Megaspores irregularly wrinkled; strobiles erect; lea

and short stems frequently much. crowded 3. S. v/rightii.

Megaspores not wrinkled; strobiles hardly distinguish-
able from the vegetative parts.
Stems very slender, wiry, terete; leaves small, ap-

] >r< iseed 4. S. hi in ica .

Stems weaker; leaves lux, dark green 5. S. underwoodii.

Selagiru lla I * pidophylla, the "resurrection plant," should be found in the Guadalupe
Mountains near the southern boundary, or in the limestone mountains of the Bouth-
v.i i corner.

There is a single specimen of a species closely allied to S. arenicola Onderw. in
ill" National Herbarium, the label of which states thai it was collected al Lae \
\>\ Plank. There is some uncertainty as i" whether the specimen is correctly labeled;
for this reason it is nol listed here. Collectors should look I Q that

region and farther east and south.

30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Selaginella rupincola Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 129. 1898.

Type locality: "On perpendicular rocks, Organ Mountains." New Mexico. Type
collected by Wooton (no. 124).

Range: Mountains of New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: San Luis Mountains; Dog Spring; Organ Mountains. On rocks and
ledges, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Selaginella densa Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 7. 1900.
Type locality: "Little Rocky Mountains," Montana. /
Range: Montana and western Nebraska to New Mexico.

New Mexico: "Winsors Ranch; Hillsboro Peak. In the Transition Zone or higher.

3. Selaginella wrightii Hieron. Hedwigia 39: 298. 1900.
Type locality: Western Texas. Type, Wright's no. 828.
Range: Western Texas and New Mexico to Mexico.
New Mexico: Lakewood; Las Vegas.

4. Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton; Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 128. 1898.
Type locality: "New Mexico."

Range: Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Pecos; Canada Alamosa; Organ Mountains. Damp cliffs in the
mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

5. Selaginella underwoodii Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. I 4 : 715. 1901.
Selaginella rupestris fendleri Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 127. 1898.
Selaginella fendleri Hieron. Hedwigia 39: 303. 1900, not Baker, 1883.

Type locality: New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 1024).

Range: Colorado, New Mexico, and southward.

New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Folsom; Ramah; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range;
Bear Mountain; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. On rocky walls and ledges
in the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Canadian zones.

Subkingclom SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed-bearing

plants.

Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE.
Order 5. FINALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Leaves needle-like; carpellary scales with bracts,

never peltate; ovules inverted ; cones dry 6. PINACEAE (p. 30).

Leaves scalelike or awllike; carpellary scales without

bracts, fleshy or peltate; ovules erect; cones

berrylike 7. JTINIPERACEAE (p. 35).

6. PINACEAE. Pine Family.

Large evergreen trees with needle-shaped leaves; infertile flowers in short catkins;
fertile flowers in scaly aments, becoming cones, with 2 or more ovules at the base of
each scale; fertile scales numerous, spirally imbricated.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Leaves fascicled, inclosed by sheaths at the base, at least

when young; cones maturing the second year 1. Pintjs (p. 31).

Leaves solitary, not sheathed; cones maturing the first
year,

WOOTOJST AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 31

Branches rough with the persistent leaf bases; leaves
quadrangular, falling off when dried; cone
scales thin and persistent; cones pendulous... 2. Picea (p. 33).
Branches smooth; leaves flat, persistent in dried speci-
mens; cone scales and cones various.
Cones erect, the scales deciduous; bracts of the
cones not exserted; leaves sessile, leaving

circular scars 3. Abies (p. 34).

Cones pendulous, the scales persistent; bracts of
the cone scales conspicuously exserted,
3-parted; leaves petioled, leaving oval
scars 4. Pseudotsuga (p. 35).

1. PINUS L. Pine.

Large or small trees with needle-shaped leaves in fascicles of 2 or more, surrounded
by a persistent or deciduous sheath at the base.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves in fascicles of 2, short and curved, 3 to 4 cm. long; cones

small, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds not winged 1. P. edulis.

Leaves in fascicles of 3 to 5; leaves, cones, and scales various.
Leaves in fascicles of 3 (rarely 4).

Leaves 4 cm. long or less 2. P. cembroides.

Leaves 6 cm. long or more.

Sheaths persistent and conspicuous; leaves 10 to 25

cm. long; cones 7 to 15 cm. long 3. P. brachyptera.

Sheaths deciduous; leaves 6 to 9 cm. long; cones 3 to

5 cm. long 4. P. chihuahuana.

Leaves in fascicles of 5.

Cones 10 to 18 cm. long, the scales with unarmed append-
ages; seeds with only rudimentary wings; leaves
slender, 4 to 8 cm. long.

Leaves entire 5. P. flexilis.

Leaves serrulate / 6. P. strobiformis.

Cones 5 to 7 cm. long, the scales with armed appendages;
seeds with conspicuous wings; leaves various.
Leaves short and stout, 2 to 4 cm. long, curved,
crowded; cone scales with long weak spines;

cones 6 to 7 cm. long 7. P. aristata.

Leaves longer, 6 to 10 cm., straight, not crowded;
cone scales with short and rigid spines; cones
5 to 6 cm. long 8. P. arizoniea.

1. Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 88. 1848. Pin-yon.

Cwryopitys edulis Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 29. 1903.

Pinus cembroides edulis Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907.

Type locality: "Not rare from the Cimarron to Santa Fe, and probably throughout
New Mexico." Type collected by Wislizenus in 1847.

Range: Colorado and Utah to western Texas and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Common on low hills and high plains everywhere west of the Pecos,
ami in the mountains of the northeastern corner of the State. Upper Bonoran Zone.

A small, rather scraggy tree, 10 to 12 meters high or less, with rough, dark-colored
hark, dark green leaves, and small, ovoid roues with the scales widely spreading
when mature. The tree occurs in the drier foothills, aBSQC^ted with junipers and

32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

several evergreen oaks, at elevations of 1,500 to 2,150 meters, almost throughout the
State. The wood is soft and decays rapidly, so that it is poor for firewood or fence posts
and is but little used. Large quantities of the seeds are gathered every year to be
eaten. They are very palatable, having a sweet flavor, especially after having been
roasted. The tree is one of the most characteristic plants of the Upper Sonoran Zone,
not occurring outside that division.

2. Pinus cembroides Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 1: 392. 1832.

Type locality: " Crescit in montibus altioribus imperii mcxicana V. C. ad ecclesiam
S. Crucis prope Sultepec."

Range: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and south-
ward.

New Mexico: San Luis Mountains {Goldman 1408). Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Pinus brachyptera Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 89. 1848.

Yellow pine.

Pinus engelmanniTorr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 141. 1856.

Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880.

Pinus scopulorum Lemmon, Gard. & For. 1897: 183. 1897.

Type locality: "Mountains of New Mexico." Type collected by Wislizenus in
1847.

Range: Throughout the Rocky Mountains, from the northern boundary of the
United States to northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges of the State, which reach an
altitude of 2,100 meters or more. Transition Zone.

This is the most common tree of New Mexico and Arizona, and constitutes per-
haps two-thirds of the timber of the former State. It is certainly first in importance
from the standpoint of quantity and quality of lumber. It occurs only in the moun-
tains at elevations of from 1,800 to 2,850 meters, being associated witn the pinyon
in the lower edge of this belt, and with Pinus flexilis and Pseudotsuga near its upper
limit, rarely forming pure forests. The older trees are frequently over 35 meters
high and the trunks from 80 to 100 cm. in diameter. The bark loses its outer layers
and becomes cut into irregular quadrangular segments, which are smooth and of light
reddish or yellowish brown color. Younger trees, with trunks 45 cm. or less in diame-
ter, have darker colored bark and are generally known to the lumbermen as a dif-
ferent tree — their "jack pine." Lumber made from the larger trees is usually spoken
of as "Arizona" pine in distinction from "Texas" pine, and is regarded as the most
valuable soft wood of the region.

The inner bark of this and other conifers was chewed or eaten by Lie Indians in
earlier times when other food was wanting. To-day some of the tribes remove the
bark from the trunks to secure an exudation of resin which they use in coating their
wicker water bottles. Upon the Mescalero Apache Reservation one sees many trees
killed by this girdling.

4. Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848.
Pinus leiophylla chihuahuana Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb. 1: 14. 1909.
Type locality: Mountains of Chihuahua.

Range: Mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward.
New Mexico: Animas and San Luis mountains. Transition Zone.

5. Pinus flexilis James in Long, Exped. 2: 34. 1823. White pine.
Apinus flexilis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905.

Type locality: "Arid plains subjacent to the Rocky Mountains, and * * * *
up their sides to the region of perpetual frost."
Range: Northern Mexico to southern Alberta.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 33

New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon
Mountains; Black Range; White and Sacramento mountains; Capitan Mountains.
High mountains, chiefly in the Canadian Zone.

A medium-sized tree, 15 to 25 meters high, found only in the higher parts of the
mountains, usually associated with the firs and spruces, at elevations of from 2 400
to 3,000 meters. It is not very abundant, although it is valued next to the yellow
pine for its timber. The cone is large and pendent. The seeds are large for the
genus and can be eaten like those of the pinyon, but they have thicker and harder
shells.

6. Pinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848.

Mexican white pine.

Pinus ayacahuite brachyptera Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb. 1: 11. 1909, not P. brachyptera
Engelm. 1848.

Type locality: Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua.

Range: Northern Mexico to southern Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Franeys Peak; San Luis Mountains. Mountains, in the Transition
Zone.

A tree very similar to the preceding, nowhere abundant. It occurs within our area
only in the southwestern corner of the State. Reports of its occurrence elsewhere in
New Mexico doubtless refer to Pinus jlexilis.

7. Pinus aristata Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 331. 1862. Foxtail pine.
Type locality: "Pikes Peak and high mountains of the Snowy Range," Colorado.
Range: Higher mountains of Colorado and northern New Mexico to Nevada and

California.

New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Grass Mountain; Costilla Pass; Baldy. Canadian and
Hudsonian zones.

A dark green, scrubby tree, 10 to 12 meters high or less, with short leaves curved
toward the ends of the branches. It occurs only in the higher mountains at alti-
tudes of 3,000 meters or more, and nowhere in abundance. On the higher peaks at
or above timber line the plants are low and stunted, often spreading over the ground,
forming what the Germans call "Krumholz." This is the result of the high velocity
of the wind at these altitudes.

8. Pinus arizonica Engelm. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 6: 261. 1878.

Arizona yellow pine.
Pinus ponderosa arizonica Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb. 1: 24. 1909.
Type locality: "On the Santa Rita Mountains," Arizona.

Range: Mountains of northern Mexico and southern Arizona and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Summit of Animas Peak (Goldman 1360). Transition Zone.

2. PICEA Link. Spkuck.

Conical decs w ill: short still' sharp-pointed solitary leaves standing out in all direc-
tions from the steins; cones pendulous, their scales rather thin, persistent, the bracts
shorter than the scales.

KEY TO Tin; SPECIES.

Young brandies and leaf bases pubescent; cones short, 3 to 5 cm.

long; leaves dull green, not glaucous 1. J', engt Imanni.

Young branches and leaf bases glabrous; cones longer, 5 t" 9 cm.

long; leaves on the older parts usually dark green, the young

ones glaucous ami light-colored 2. J', purryana.

52576°— IB :t

34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Picea engelmanni Parry; Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 212. 1863.

Engelmann spruce.

Abies engelmanni Parry, loc. cit.

Type locality: "Higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to the
headwaters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers.

Range: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Bonito. Higher moun-
tains, Canadian and Hudsonian zones.

A conical tree 20 to 25 meters high or less, with smooth, thin, flaky bark, dark
green foliage, and pendulous cones borne mostly on the uppermost branches. It occurs
only in the higher mountains at 2,700 to 3,300 meters where there is permanent
moisture, frequently forming dense pure forests. It is also found on the faces of cliffs
and on the tops of mountains up to timber line, where it is generally straggling and
dwarfed . When growing alone it is usually perfectly conical, bearing nearly horizontal
branches almost to the ground. The cones are small and purplish until maturity,
when they become dry and brown.

2. Picea parryana Parry, Gard. Chron. 11: 334. 1879. Colorado blue spruce.
Abies parryana Engelm.; Parry, loc. cit.

Type locality: Not stated.

Range: Higher mountains of New Mexico and Arizona, northward to Wyoming.

New Mexico: Chama; Winsors Ranch; Sandia Mountains; James Canyon; White
Mountain Peak. Canadian and Hudsonian zones.

Very similar to the preceding, but the young leaves covered with a bloom which
gives rise to the name of "blue spruce," and the bark thick and deeply furrowed-
The range is similar to that of the Engelmann spruce, although usually at slightly
lower levels, and the value of the timber is about the same. The lumber is in
both cases rather poor, being weak and spongy, and full of knots. It is used to
some extent for making boxes. The Colorado blue spruce is a much better tree for
decorative purposes because of its color and also because it is a more rapid grower.
It does well at Santa Fe and could, no doubt, be used in other places of similar ele-
vation if properly cared for.

3. ABIES Link. Fir.

Large trees with spreading or ascending branches; leaves flat, blunt, short, so
arranged as to make the branches appear flat; cones erect, cylindrical, borne near the
top of the tree, their scales thin and deciduous.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Bark thin, smooth , corky ^. A. arizonica.

Bark thick, rough, not corky.

Resin ducts of the leaves within the soft tissue, remote from the

epidermis 2. A. lasiocarpa.

Resin ducts near the epidermis, on the lower side of the leaf 3. A. concolor.

1. Abies arizonica Merriam, Proc Biol. Soc. Washington 10: 116. 1896.

CORK-BARK FIR.

Type locality: "West slope of San Francisco Mountain, Arizona.''

Range: Higher mountains of Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Twining; Sandia Mountains; Baldy; Baldy Peak, Mogollon
Mountains. Hudsonian Zone.

A small conical tree growing in cooler situations in dense mixed forests, usually
associated with spruce and aspen. It is easily recognized by its thin, smooth, white,
corky bark, which persists after the tree has decayed.

WOOTON" AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 35

2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 3: 138. 1849.
Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 163. 1842.

Type locality: " Interior of N. W. America."

Range: British America to Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Brazos Canyon; Pecos Baldy. Mountains, in
the Canadian Zone.

3. Abies concolor Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5: 210. 1850. Balsam fir.
Pinus concolor Engelm.; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 155. 1858.

Type locality: "Mountains of New Mexico."

Range: Oregon and California to Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Chama; Winsors Ranch; Trinchera Pass; Sandia Mountains;
Mogollon Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains; Capitan Mountains. Moun-
tains, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones.

4. PSEITDOTSXJGA Carr. Douglas spruce.

Large tree; leaves solitary, short-petiolate, flat, obtuse: cones ovate-oblong, pendu-
lous, the bracts 3-parted, longer than the scales.

1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895.

Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832.

Abies douglasii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833.

Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2. 256. 1867.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 8: 74. 1889.

Type locality: Mouth of Columbia River, Oregon.

Range: Alaska to Arizona and western Texas.

New Mexico: Common in all the higher mountains from the Las Vegas, Sacramento,
and Organ ranges westward. Mountains, chiefly in the Canadian Zone.

This is the largest tree of the New Mexican mountains, in favorable situations over
60 meters high, with a trunk 2 meters or more in diameter. The bark is rough and
dark-colored; the short (25 mm. or less) and obtuse leaves are arranged like those
of the balsam fir. It may be most easily recognized by the cones, which are rela-
tively small, composed of persistent thin scales, with the 3-parted bracts protrud-
ing a centimeter or more from beneath each scale. The tree occurs in mixed forests
with yellow pine and the true spruces, at elevations ranging from 2,250 to 3,150
meters, sometimes reaching timber line. In the northern part of the State it often
forms extensive pure stands in which there is little or no other vegetation. The
lumber is of good quality. In cultivation the Douglas spruce makes an excellent
decorative tree.

7. JUNIPERACEAE. Juniper Family.

Low trees or shrubs with much imbricated, short, scalelike or awllike leaves, cones
composed of fleshy or peltate scales, without bracts; fruit berry-like, dehiscent or
indehiscent.

KI.Y TO THE GEN ERA.

Cones dry, woody, dehiscent 1. Cupressus (p. 3

Cones fleshy, indehiscent 2. Juniperus (p. 36).

l. CUPRESSUS L. Cypress.

Small tree with short imbricated leaves; cones dry, woody, dehiscent, 6 to 8 nun.
in diameter, composed of 6 to 8 peltate scales; seeds small, narrowly win

1. Cupressus arizonica Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 64. 1882. Arizona « mu
Oupretnu benthami arizonica Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc. Hot. 31: '■'■'■

36 CONTRIBUTIONS EROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type locality: "On the mountains back of Clifton, in the extreme eastern part of
Arizona."

Range: Mountains of southern Arizona and northern Mexico, coming into the
southwestern corner of New Mexico.

New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Mearns 437, 560, 2244).

2. JUNIPERUS L. Juniper. Cedar.

Large or small shrubs with awl-shaped or scalelike leaves; cones indehiscent, fleshy
or fibrous; seeds 1 to 4, ovoid.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves on mature branches not scalelike, 6 to 12 mm. long, smooth
and shining above, glaucous beneath; a low shrub less that

a meter high, often spreading 1 . /. sibirica.

Leaves on mature branches scalelike, less than 5 mm. long, of the
same color on both surfaces; large shrubs or small trees
several meters high, never spreading.
Seeds 3 or 4; branchlets smooth; leaves with a conspicuous
resinous exudate; bark of the trunk broken into irregu-
lar quadrangular plates 2. J. pachyphloca.

Seeds 1 or 2; branchlets mostly scaly; leaves not with a
resinous exudate; bark shreddy or stringy.

Fruit large, about 15 mm. in diameter 3. /. megalocarpa.

Fruit small, 10 mm. in diameter or less.

Branchlets slender, drooping; fruit 2-seeded; leaves

3-ranked 4. /. scopulorum.

Branchlets rigid, erect; fruit mostly 1-seeded ; leaves
2-ranked.
Fruit large, 7 to 10 mm. long, oblong, brown and
fibrous at maturity; leaves short and

obtuse 5. /. utahensis.

Fruit small, 5 to 7 mm. long, little if at all longer
than thick, bluish, fleshy; leaves acute,
long 6. J. monospcrma.

1. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. Holz. no. 272. 1787. Juniper.
Juniperus communis sibirica Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896.

Type locality: Siberia.
Range: New Mexico to Alaska and Labrador.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Taos Mountains; San-
dia Mountains. Deep woods, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones.

2. Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 142. 1857.

Alligator juniper.

Type locality: Zuni Mountains, New Mexico.

Range: Arizona and western Texas to northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Common from the Zuni Mountains, Black Range, Capitan Moun-
tains, and Guadalupe Mountains southward and westward across the State. Low
hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

A round-topped tree 10 meters high or less, with a short, thick trunk, covered with
thick, checkered bark which gives it its name of "alligator-bark juniper." On the
cliffs at higher elevations it often attains a great age, developing a short and very
thick trunk. The fruit is rather large for the genus, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, ripen-
ing the second year. This is the common juniper in the southern part of the State in
the foothills. The wood is used for fuel and to 6ome extent for fence posts, although
that of other species is preferred.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 37

3. Juniperus megalocarpa Sudworth, For. & Irr. 13: 307. 1907.
Sabina megalocarpa Cockerell, Muhlenbergia 3: 143. 1908.

Type locality: "Midway between Alma and Frisco, about 3 miles above the
'Widow Kelley's' ranch on the San Francisco River," New Mexico.

Range: Known only from type locality.

A tree 9 to 15 meters high, the trunk 60 to 120 cm. in diameter; leaves in 3's,
yellowish green.

This tree seems to have been first discovered in this same locality by Mr. Vernon
Bailey of the Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture, who made some
excellent photographs of it which we have seen.

4. Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897.

Rocky Mountain juniper.

Sabina scopulorum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905.

Type locality: Not definitely stated.

Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Arizona and western Texas.

New Mexico: Coolidge; Rivera; Santa Fe; Pecos; Cebolla; Las Vegas; Stinking
Lake; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone, often extending into the lower part of the Transition.

A beautiful though small tree, with dark green foliage and slender branches droop-
ing at the ends. The fruit is small, blue, and succulent. The Rocky Mountain
juniper occurs only in the higher mountains, associated sometimes with the common
cedar (Juniperus monosperma), more often with pines. When growing alone it takes
on a fine conical form with branches quite to the ground, rendering it an ideal tree
for lawns.

5. Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon, Calif. Board For. Rep. 3: 183. 1890.

Utah juniper.

Juniperus californica utahensis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 588. 1877.

Sabina utahensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905.

Type locality: "Southern parts of Utah and into Arizona and Nevada."

Range: Wyoming to New Mexico, west to southeastern California.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Aztec; Carrizo Mountains; Frisco; Dona Ana
Mountains. Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

A stiff, upright, much branched tree, coming into New Mexico from the northwest.
It differs from the next chiefly in the larger size and different color of its fruit. It
is probably much more common than the citations would indicate.

6. Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 10: 89. 1889.

One-seeded juniper.

Juniperus occidentalis monosperma Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 590. 1877.

Sabina monosperma Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905.

Type locality: "From Pikes Peak region of Colorado through west Texas and
New Mexico to Arizona and California."

Range: Colorado to Nevada, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Common on foothills and high plains throughout the State. Upper
Sonoran Zone.

This is the common juniper of the State. It is a low, much branched, frequently
very scraggy tree, 4 to 8 meters high. Under favorable conditions it assumes an
almost perfectly conical shape. The bark is gray and shreddy or stringy, the Leaves
of a rather yellowish green, and the fruit small and succulent. The wood does aol
decay readily ami is much used for fence posts. It will no doubl prove of value as a
decorative tree for lawns at elevations of from 1,800 to 2,250 meters,

We arc unable to separate from this Juni/urus jilnclioti Sudworth. 1 Some of the
material from the eastern side of the State should belong to Hut Bpecies. Bo far as

1 For. & irr. 13: 307. 1907. The type came from Paloduro Canyon in the Pan-
handle of Texas.

38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

we have been able to judge from the description and from the type material, the
only difference suggested between the two is that the stump3 left after J. pinchoti
has been cut produce sprouts while those of J. monosperma do not, scarcely a sub-
stantial specific difference. As a matter of fact the stumps left after trees of the com-
mon cedar have been cut down often send up sprouts, just as they are said to do in
this lately published species.

What is probably a form of J. monosperma, or possibly a distinct species, was
described by Lemmon l as Juniperus occidentalis gymnocarpa. It is said to have
the solitary seed partly exposed at the apex, hence the name. Mr. Lemmon states
that this form is "abundant on the Sandia Mountains, near Albuquerque," New
Mexico. No specimens have been seen by the writers. The same form has been
collected near Fort Huachuca, Arizona, by Gen. T. E. Wilcox.

Order 6. GNETALES.

7a. EPHEDRACEAE. Joint-fir Family.

1. EPHEDRA L.

Shrubs 2 meters high or less, with slender terete striate stems; leaves reduced to
small scarious bracts disposed in whorls at the nodes; flowers dioecious; fruit consisting
of 1 or more seeds inclosed in few or many, chaffy, brownish or greenish scales.

Our species occur hi the drier and lower parts of the State, on the sandy mesas,
along arroyos, and on the rocky low slopes of the mountains, associated with mesquite,
creosote bush, cactus, desert willow, and the like. A tea made by boiling the branches
in water is used by the Mexicans and Indians as a remedy for venereal diseases and
kidney affections. A chemical analysis shows a relatively high percentage of tannin
in the stems. The shrubs are variously known as ' 'popotillo, ' ' ' 'caiiatillo, ' ' ' 'Mormon
tea," and "Brigham Young weed," as also by several other names.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaf scales in 2's; cone scales few.

Scales of the fruit acutish; fruit sharply angled; branches

very numerous, erect, bright green 1. E. viridis.

Scales rounded-obtuse; fruit scarcely angled; branches few,

somewhat spreading, yellowish 2. E. antisyphilitica.

Leaf scales in 3's; cone scales numerous.

Leaf scales 5 mm. long or less, merely acute, not acerose;

fruit scabrous, less than 10 mm. long 3. E. torreyana.

Leaf scales 8 to 10 mm. long, acerose; fruit smooth, 10 to 13

mm. long 4. E. Iri/urca.

1. Ephedra viridis Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 220. 1893.

Type locality: Near Crystal Spring, Coso Mountains, Inyo County, California.
Range: Southeastern California to Utah and western New Mexico.
New Mexico: Western San Juan County; common. Mesas and low hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Ephedra antisyphilitica Meyer, Monogr. Ephedra 101. 184G.

Type locality: "Hab. in Mexici provincia orientali Coahuila, prope Laredo ad
Rio del Norte."

Range: Colorado and Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Bishops Cap; Tortugas Mountain. Mesas and dry lulls, in the Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

1 Handbook of West-American cone-bearers 80. 1895.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 39

3. Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 299. 1899.
Type locality: "New Mexico to S. "Utah."

Range: Colorado to California and Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Santa Fe; Albuquerque; Nara
Visa; Organ Mountains; San Andreas Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; White
Sands; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

4. Ephedra trifurca Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 152. 1848.

Type locality: "From the region between the Del Norte and the Gila, and the
hills bordering the latter river to the desert west of the Colorado."

Range: Colorado and Utah to northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Gila; San Antonio; Carrizalillo Mountains; Dem-
ing; Las Cruces; Organ Mountains. Plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE.

Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Order 7. PANDANALES.

8. TYPHACEAE. Cattail Family.

1. TYPHA L. Cattail.

Tall marsh plant with creeping rootstocks and glabrous erect terete stems; leaves
narrow, flat, striate; flowers monoecious, densely crowded in terminal spikes, the
pistillate flowers below and the staminate above; ovary 1, stipitate, 1 or 2-celled.

1. Typha latifolia L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in paludibus Europae."

Range: Throughout most of North America; also in the Old World.

New Mexico: Farmington; Shiprock; Pecos; Mangas Springs; Fort Bayard;
along the Rio Grande from Albuquerque to El Paso. In swamps and marshes, in the
Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The Mexicans use the stems for a thatch upon which to lay mud roofs.

Order 8. NAIAD ALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Gynoacium of distinct carpels; stigmas disklike

or cuplike 9. POTAMOGETONACEAE (p. 39).

Gynoocium of united carpels; stigmas slender. . 10. NAIADACEAE (p. 41).

9. POTAMOGETONACEAE. Pondweed Family.

Aquatic herbs with jointed leafly stems; leaves sheathing at the base or stipulate;
flowers perfect or unisexual, the perianth of 4 or 6 distinct valvate segments, or tubular,
or none; stamens 1, 2, 4, or 6; ovaries l to 6, distinct, L-celled, usually L-ovuled;
fruit indehiscent.

KKY TO THE GENERA.

Flowers perfect, spicate; si aniens i I. Potamooi i"\ (p

Flowers monoecious, axillary ; stamen I 2. Zanichkllla (p. 40).

40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. POTAMOGETON L. Pondweed.

Leaves all or only partly submerged, alternate, the blades broad or narrow; stipules
more or less united and sheathing; flowers spicate; sepals and stamens 4; ovaries 4.

It is probable that we have more species in the State than are listed here. The
material is difficult of collection and is usually neglected by collectors.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves of two kinds, floating and submerged.

Submerged leaves with blades; floating leaves elliptic 1. P.amerieanus.

Submerged leaves without blades; floating leaves oval 2. P. natans.

Leaves all submerged, narrow, sessile.

Stipules free; spike continuous; fruits few 3. P.foliosus.

Stipules adnate to the petioles; spikes interrupted; fruits

numerous 4. P. interior.

1. Potamogeton americanus Schlecht. & Cham. Linntea 2: 220. pi. 6. J. 26. 1827.
Potamogeton lonchites Tuck. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 6: 226. 1848.

Type locality: North America.

Range: In ponds and slow streams throughout North America except in the
extreme northern part.
New Mexico: Collected by Fendler (no. 837), probably about Santa Fe.

2. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753.
Type locality: European.

Range : In still water throughout most of North America except the extreme north;
also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7557).

3. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. Med. Repos. N. Y. n. ser. 5: 354. 1808.
Potamogeton gramineum L. err. det. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 102. 1803.
Potamogeton pauciflorus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 121. 1814.

Type locality: "Hab. in rivis affluente mari inundatis Carolinae inferioris."
Range: In streams and ponds nearly throughout North America.
New Mexico: Tularosa Creek near Aragon; Canada Creek at Ojo Caliente; Berendo
Creek.

4. Potamogeton interior Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 13. 1906.
Potamogeton marinus occidentalis Robbins; S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th

Par. 5: 339. 1871.
Potamogeton filiformis occidentalis A. Benn. Ann. Cons. Jard. Geneve 9: 102. 1905.
Type locality: Colorado.

Range : Ontario and Northwest Territory to Utah and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Farmington; Cedar Hill; Carlsbad; Roswell.

The following species are represented by specimens the localities for which are
uncertain but are probably in New Mexico or adjacent Texas:
Potamogeton pectinatus L. Wright 1894.
Potamogeton pusillus L. Wright 1896.

2. ZANICHELLIA L. Horned pondweed.

Leaves linear, mostly opposite, with sheathing stipules; flowers monoecious, sessile,
axillary, the staminate ones consisting of a single stamen ; ovaries 2 to 5, forming oblique
oblong indehiscent nutlets in fruit.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 41

1. Zanichellia palustris L. Sp. PI. 969. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae, Virginiae fossis, fluviis."
Range: In streams and ponds throughout North America except the extreme

north; also in Eurasia.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Manguitas Spring; Salt Lake; Cienaga Ranch;

Fort Tularosa; Roswell.

10. NAIADACEAE. Naias Family.
1. NAIAS L. Naias.

Slender branched aquatic, entirely submerged, with fibrous roots, numerous oppo-
site or fasciculate leaves, and monoecious or dioecious, sessile or pedicellate, axillary,
inconspicuous flowers; mature carpel solitary, sessile, ellipsoid, with a crustaceous
pericarp.
1. Naias guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 3 2 : GO. 1893.

Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 20. 1825.

Type locality: "Insula Guadalupa."

Range: Floating in water, Nebraska and Oregon to Florida and Tropical America.

New Mexico: Lake La Jara (Standley 8274).

Order 9. ALIS MALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Petals and sepals similar; anthers long and narrow;

carpels coherent 11. JUNCAGINACEAE (p. 41).

Petals and sepals unlike, the former white; anthers

short and thick; carpels not coherent 12. ALISMACEAE (p. 42).

11. JUNCAGINACEAE. Arrow grass Family.

1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow grass.

Perennial herbs with fleshy grasslike leaves clustered at the base of the scapelike
stem; flowers small, spicate, with 3 ovate sepals and 3 similar petals; stamens 3 or 6;
ovaries 3 or G, united, the capsule splitting at maturity into 3 or G carpels.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

CarpelsG; plants tall, GO to 80 cm. high, stout 1. T.maritimum.

Carpels 3; plants low, 35 cm. high or less, slender 2. T.palustre.

1. Triglochin maritimum L. Sp. PL 339. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae maritimis."

Range: Throughout the United States and in Mexico; also in Europe and Asia.
New Mexico: Fitzgerald Cienaga; Mescalero Agency; Tularosa. Marshes, in the
Transition Zone.

2. Triglochin palustre L. Sp. PI. 338. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae inundatis uligino i "

Rangb: Widely distributed in North America; also in South America, Europe, and

A-i;l.

\'i:w Mexico: Grass Mountain; Rio Pueblo; Silver Spring Canyon. Wei ground,
in the Trarj ii ion and < Sanadian zones.

42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

12. AIISMACEAE. Water-plantain Family.

Marsh herbs with fibrous roots, scapose stems, spongy petioles, and oval or sagittate
leaf blades; leaves all radical; flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious; perianth of
3 herbaceous persistent sepals and as many white deciduous petals; stamens 6 or
more; ovaries numerous, becoming 1-seeded achenes.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Leaf blades ovate or oblong; all flowers perfect; carpels

not winged; inflorescence paniculate 1. Alisma (p. 42).

Leaf blades sagittate; all or part of the flowers unisexual;
carpels winged; inflorescence raceme-like.
Lower flowers of the inflorescence pistillate ; pedicels

slender; leaves longer than broad 2. Sagittaria (p. 42).

Lower flowers of the inflorescence perfect; pedicels

stout; leaves broader than long 3. Lophotocarpus (p. 42).

1. ALISMA L. Water-plantain.

Perennial with long-petioled leaves, ovate or oblong, acute blades, and 1 or 2 scapes
terminating in a loose pyramidal panicle; flowers small; carpels numerous, in a
simple circle on a flattened receptacle.
1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. PI. 342. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae aquosis & ad ripas fluviorum, lacuum."

Range: Nearly throughout North America; also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Near Horace ( Wooton). Wet ground.

2. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow head.

Stoloniferous perennial herbs with long-petioled sheathing leaves with sagittate
blades; stems simple, bearing a few whorls of flowers, the staminate flowers above, the
pistillate below; ovaries many, on a globular receptacle, becoming flat membranous
winged achenes.
1. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1895.

Type locality: Oregon.

Range: British America southward through the western United States.

New Mexico: San Juan Valley; Taos; Santa Fe; Belen; Reserve. Wet ground
chiefly in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. LOPHOTOCARPUS Durand.

A perennial herb similar to the preceding, but the lower flowers of the inflorescence
perfect instead of pistillate; leaves broadly sagittate.
1. Lophotocarpus calycinus(Engelm.) J. G. Smith, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 25. 1894.

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 212. 1859.

Sagittaria calycina maxima Engelm. loc. cit.

Sagittaria calycina media Engelm. loc. cit.

Type locality: "On the Red River, Louisiana."

Range: South Dakota and Delaware to Alabama and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Mesilla (Wooton 74). Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

Order 10. POALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Leaves 2-ranked; margins of sheaths not united; stems

mostly hollow 13. POACEAE (p. 43).

Leaves 3-ranked; margins of sheathe united; stems solid. 14. CYPERACEAE (p. 110).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 43

13. POACEAE. Grass Family. 1

Fibrous-rooted annual or perennial herbs, often with rootstocks, with jointed,
usually hollow, cylindrical stems and 2-ranked leaves, their blades parallel-veined,
mostly long and narrow, their bases forming an open or rarely a closed sheath around
the stem; inflorescence an open or spikelike panicle, a raceme, or a spike; flowers
usually perfect, small, without a distinct perianth, arranged in spikelets, these con-
sisting of an articulate axis (rachilla) and 3 to many 2-ranked bracts, the lower 2
(glumes) being empty, the succeeding 1 or more (lemmas) each containing in its
axil a single flower subtended by a palea; stamens usually 3; pistil 1, with a 1-celled,
1-ovuled ovary, 2 styles, and plumose stigmas; fruit a caryopsis with a starchy endo-
sperm and a small embryo.

KEY TO THE TRIBES.

Spikelets dorsally compressed, falling from the pedicels entire, 1-flowered, or some-
times with a rudimentary flower below the perfect one.
Lemma and palea hyaline, much more delicate in texture than the glumes.

Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate borne in the lower, the staminate in the

upper part of the same spike I. MAYDEAE.

Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, the former perfect, the
latter perfect or with a staminate flower, often reduced to 1 or 2

scales n. ANDROPOGONEAE.

Lemmas, at least those of the perfect flowers, similar in texture to the glumes
or thicker and firmer, never hyaline.
Lemma and palea membranous; spikelets in groups of 3, these falling together

from the continuous axis m. ZOYSDSAE.

Lemma and palea chartaceous to coriaceous, different in color and texture

from the glumes; spikelets various IV. PANICEAE.

Spikelets laterally compressed, at least at maturity, the glumes usually persistent on
the pedicel or rachis after the fall of the florets, 1 to many-flowered, the rudi-
mentary flower, if any, usually uppermost.
Spikelets in 2 rows, sessile or nearly so.

Spikelets on one side of the continuous axis, forming one-sided spikes, these

digitate or paniculate VTn. CHLORIDEAE.

Spikelets alternate on opposite sides of a channeled, sometimes articulate,

axis; spikes solitary X. HORDEAE.

Spikelets borne in an open or spikelike panicle or raceme, usually upon distinct
pedicels.
Spikelets with 1 perfect flower.

No rudimentary or staminate floret below the perfect one.

V. PHALARIDEAE.
A pair of rudimentary or staminate florets below the perfect one.

VI. AGROSTIDEAE.
Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.

Lemmas usually shorter than the glumes; awn dorsal or Erom between the

teeth of the bidentate apex, usually bent VII. AVENEAE.

Lemmas usually longer than the glumes; awn terminal (rarely dona!
in Bromus) and straight, or none IX. FESTUCEAE.

1 Fox a more extended account of N<w Mexican grasses from an economic stand-
point, see Wootoo and Standley, N. Mex. Agx. Exp. Bta. Bull. 81. 1912.

44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Tribe I. MAYDEAE.
A single genus". 1. Tripsacum (p. 49).

Tribe H. ANDKOPOGONEAE.

Spikelets all pedicellate, the longer pediceled one per-
fect, long-awned, the short-pediceled one stami-

nate, awnless 2. Trachypogon (p. 49).

Some of the spikelets sessile, these perfect, the pedi-
cellate spikelets staminate, sterile, or reduced
to a pedicel.

Spikelets all awnless 3. Elyonurus (p. 49).

Perfect spikelets awned.

Lower spikelets unlike the others 9. Heteropogon (p. 52).

Sessile spikelets all alike.

Racemes single; rachis joints with a cup-
shaped appendage at the tip 4. Schizachyrium (p. 49).

Racemes 2 or more; rachis joints not ap-
pendaged.
Rachis joints and pedicels sulcate,

translucent 5. Amphlophis (p. 50).

Rachis neither sulcate nor trans-
lucent.

Some of the racemes sessile 6. Andropogon (p. 51).

All the racemes pedunculate.
Pedicellate spikelets re-
duced to a pedicel. . . 8. Sorghastrum (p. 52).
Pedicellate spikelets stami-
nate 7. Holcus (p. 51).

Tribe IH. ZOYSIEAE.

Second glumes covered with hooked spines 10. Nazia (p. 52).

Second glumes not spiny 11. Hilaria (p. 53).

Tribe IV. PANICEAE.

Spikelets involucrate.

Involucre a spiny bur, falling with the spikelets. .20. Oenchrus (p. Gl).
Involucre of numeroxis bristles, persistent on the

axis after the fall of the spikelets 19. Chaetochloa (p. 60).

Spikelets not involucrate.

Glumes, at least the second, awned or cuspidate. .18. Echinochxoa (p. 59).
Glumes not awned.

Spikelets lanceolate; fruit cartilaginous, not
rigid, the white hyaline margins of the
lemma not inrollcd.
Spikelets densely covered with long

silky hair3 12. Valota (p. 54).

Spikelets glabrous or nearly so.

Iji florescence of slender racemes,

digitately arranged 13. Syntherisma (p. 54).

Inflorescence a capillary panicle 14. Leptoloma (p. 54).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY PLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 45

Spikelets oval or obovate; fruit chartaceous,
rigid, the lemma margins inrolled, not
hyaline.
First glume present; spikelets panicled,

rarely in racemes 17. Panicum (p. 56).

First glume obsolete; spikelets in racemes.
Spikelet with a swollen ringlike cal-
lus below; fruit awn-tipped... 15. Eriochloa (p. 54).
Spikelets without a callus; fruit not

awned 16. Paspalum (p. 55).

Tribe V. PHALAKIDEAE.

Panicles dense and contracted; sterile lemmas minute. 21. Phalaris (p. 61).
Panicles loose and open; sterile lemmas inclosing

staminate flowers 22. Savastana (p. 61).

Tribe VI. AGROSTIDEAE.

Lemmas indurated at maturity, closely inclosing the
grain .
Spikelets in pairs, one perfect, the other staminate

or sterile (in spikelike panicles) 23. Lycurus (p. 62).

Spikelets not in pairs, all perfect.

Lemma 3-awned (2 of the awns sometimes very

small) 24. Aristida (p. 62).

Lemmas 1-awned or awnless.

Awns twisted and bent 25. Stipa (p. 65).

Awns not twisted, or wanting.

Lemmas narrow ; awns, when present,

persistent 26. Muhlenbergia (p. 68).

Lemmas broad; awns deciduous 27. Oryzopsis (p. 72).

Lemmas usually thin at maturity, at least more delicate
than the glumes; grain loosely inclosed.
Glumes conspicuously compressed-keeled; panicle
dense and spikclike, cylindrical.
Rachilla jointed above the glumes, these per-
sistent; lemma awnless 28. Phleum (p. 73).

Rachilla jointed below the glumes, these fall-
ing with the spikelets; lemma awned. .29. Alopecurus (p. 73).
Glumes not compressed-keeled; panicles mostly
open and spreading, rarely crowded and
spikclike.
Panicle spikelike, elongated, 30 cm. long or

more 30. Epicamfi s (p. i

Panicle not elongated.

Spikelets articulated below the glumes;
falling entire.

Glumes awned; panicles dense S3. Polypooon i]>. 77).

Glumes awnless; panicles open 34. < iw\ (p

Spikelets articulated above the glumes,
these persistent after the fall of the
florete.

46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Lemmas pilose on the nerves 31. Blepharoneuron (p. 74).

Lemmas not pilose on the nerves.
Lemmas 1-nerved; pericarp sep-
arating from the seed 32. Sporobolus (p. 75).

Lemmas 3 to 5-nerved; peri-
carp adherent to the seed.
Rachilla prolonged behind
the palea; lemma
with a short awn on

the back 36. Calamagrostis (p. 79).

Rachilla not prolonged be-
hind the palea; lem-
mas awn less.
Glumes longer than the

floret 37. Oalamovilfa (p. 80).

Glumes shorter than the

floret 35. Agrostis (p. 78).

Tribe VII. AVENEAE.

Awns attached between the teeth of the lemma, flat-
tened 38. Danthonia (p. 80).

Awn a dorsal, not flattened.

Grain adherent to the palea; spikelets mostly

more than 10 mm. long 39. Avena (p. 81).

Grain free; spikelets less than 10 mm. long.

Lemmas erose or shortly 2-lobed at the apex;

panicles open 40. Deschampsia (p. 81).

Lemmas deeply 2-toothed at the apex, the
teeth awn -pointed; panicles dense and
congested 41. Trisetum (p. 82).

Tribe Vm. CHLORIDE AE.

Spikelets unisexual, dissimilar; flowers monoecious or

dioecious 42. Bulbilis (p. 82).

Spikelets all alike.

Spikelets with 2 to 4 perfect flowers.

Spikelets small, numerous, approximate;

glumes thin 43. Leptochloa (p. 83).

Spikelets large, few, distant; glumes firm

and thick 44. Acamptoclados (p. 84).

Spikelets with 1, rarely 2, perfect flowers.

[Rachilla jointed below the boat-shaped in-
flated glumes, the whole spikelet fall-
ing at maturity 45. Beckmannia (p. 84).

Rachilla jointed above the glumes, these per-
sistent, not boat-shaped.
No sterile lemmas present above the
perfect floret.
Plants with long stolons; spikelets
numerous, crowded; spikes 2
to 6, digitate 46. Capriola (p. 84).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO.

47

Plants without stolons; spikelets few,
scattered; spikes scattered

along the central axis 47. Schedonardus (p. 85).

One to several sterile lemmas above the
perfect florets.
Spikes scattered along the central

axis 48. Bouteloua (p. 85).

Spikes digitate, or crowded near the
end of the stem.
Lemmas with a single awn or

awnless 49. Chloris (p. 87).

Lemmas 3-awned 50. Trichxoris (p. 88).

Tribe IX. FESTUCEAE.

Lemmas with numerous (9 or more) awnlike divisions

or awned lobes 51. Pappophorum (p. 88).

Lemmas with few lobes or entire.

Lemmas, at least those of the pistillate spikelets,

3-lobed and 3-awned 52. Scxeropogon (p. 89).

Lemmas entire or at most 2-lobed.

Hairs on the rachilla or lemma very long, ex-
ceeding the lemma in length.

Rachilla hairy; lemma naked 53. Phragmites (p. 89).

Rachilla naked; lemma hairy 54. Arundo (p. 89).

Hairs, if any, on the rachilla and lemma
shorter than the latter.
Stigmas barbellate, on long styles; spike-
lets in 3's in the axils of the spin-
escent leaves; plants spreading,

woolly when young 55. Munroa (p. 90).

Stigmas plumose, sessile or on short styles;
spikelets and plants various.
Lemmas 1 to 3-nerved.

Lateral nerves of the lemmas
hairy.
Lemmas deeply 2-lobed. . . .56. Dasyochloa (p. 90).
Lemmas entire or b ut slightly
2-lobed.
Inflorescence a short
crowded raceme;
leaf blades with
cartilaginous mar-
gins; plants low

and tufted 57. EriONEUBOM (p. 90u

Inflorescence a rather
large panicle; leaf
blades without

cartilaginous mar-
gins; plants tall. 68. Tridbns (p. 91).
Lateral nerves of the lemmas
glabrous.

Second glume very unlike
the first, broadened

upward 59, SfBBNOFHOI i-^ (p. 92).

48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Second glume similar to the

first, not broadened

upward.

Panicles narrow, dense

and spikelike,

the branches

erect 60. Koeleria (p. 92).

Panicles open, the
branches spread-
ing 61. Eragrostis (p. 93).

Lemmas 5 to many-nerved.

Spikelets with 2 or more of the up-
per glumes empty, broad and

infolding each other 62. Melica (p. 95).

Spikelets with the upper glumes
flower-bearing or narrow and
• abortive.

Stigmas plainly arising from be-
low the apex of the ovary. . .63. Bromus (p. 95).
Stigmas placed at or near the
apex of the ovary.
Spikelets in 1-sided fascicles
arranged in a glomerate or

interrupted panicle 64. Dactylis (p. 97).

Spikelets in panicles of ra-
cemes.
Glumes more or less laterally
compressed and keeled.
Flowers dioecious ; lemmas

coriaceous 65. Distichlis (p. 98).

Flowers monoecious, most
of the flowers perfect;
lemmas thin, scari-

ous-margined 66. Poa (p. 98).

Glumes rounded on the back,
at least below the mid-
dle.
Lemmas acute, pointed or

awned at the apex. . .67. Festuca (p. 101).
Lemmas obtuse or acutish,
usually toothed.
Lemmas distinctly 5 to
7-nerved; styles

present 68. Panicularia (p. 103).

Lemmas obscurely 5-
nerved; styles
none 69. Puccinellia (p. 104).

Tribe X. HORDEAE.

Spikelets usually single at the nodes of the rachis.

Glumes with their sides turned toward the rachis.. 70. Agropyron (p. 104).
Glumes with their backs turned toward the rachis. 71. Lolium (p. 106).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 49

Spikelets 2 to 6 at each joint of the rachia or if solitary
the glumes arranged obliquely to the rachis.
Spikelets 1-flowered or with a rudimentary second

flower 72. Hordeum (p. 106).

Spikelets 2 to many- flowered.

Rachis of the spikes jointed, readily breaking

into joints 73. Sitanion (p. 107).

Rachis of the spikes continuous, not breaking

into joints 74. Elymus (p. 108).

1. TKIPSACITCVI L.

Tall stout perennial with creeping rootstocks, broad flat leaves, and terminal digitate
inflorescence, the spikes separating into joints at maturity; spikelets unisexual, the
staminate in pairs at the joints of the rachis above, the pistillate solitary, embedded
in each joint of the rachis below in the same inflorescence; glumes of the staminate
spikelet subcoriaceous, those of the pistillate spikelet finally cartilaginous, the lemmas
and paleas hyaline.

1. Tripsacum lanceolatum Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 68. 1886.
Type locality: Aguas Calientes, Mexico.
Range: Southwestern New Mexico to southern Mexico.
New Mexico: Guadalupe Canyon (E. C. Mcrton 2035).

2. TRACHYPOGON Nees.

Rather tall perennials with narrow leaves and usually solitary, long-exserted
racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, in pairs at the nodes of the imperfectly jointed rachia,
one nearly sessile, awnless, sterile, the other pedicellate, fertile, long-awned; glumes
rigid, the outer large and inclosing the other; lemmas produced into long twisted
geniculate awns.

1. Trachypogon montufari (H. B. K.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 312. 1820.

Andropogon montafari IT. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 184. 1816.

Type locality: "In aridis, apricis rcgni Quitensis prope Conocoto, Pintae et Mi-
lam Chilloensem Montufari."

Range: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico and South America.

New Mexico: Near "White Water (Mearns 353). Dry hills.

3. ELYONUPvTJS Humb. & Bonpl.

Low or tall annuals or perennials with rather rigid leaves and solitary te rminal
racemes; spikelets L-flowered, awnless; first glume rigid or eous, 2-toothed

at the apex, the margins inflexed, more or less ciliate, with balsam-bearing lines
between tin" lateral keels, the second a little shorter than the first, acute; lemma
delicate and hyaline; palea minute or none; stamens 3; styles distinct.

1. Elyonurus barbiculmis Hack. Ld DC. Monogr. Phan. 6:330. 1889.
Tvi'i; locality: Western Texas.

Range: Southern Ne'vi Mexico and Ajizona to western Texas and adjacenl Mexico.
New Mexico: Dog Spring (Mearna 2376). Dry hills.

4. SCHIZ ACH YRIUM Nei ORASS.

Tall perennials, tufted or Erom rootstocks, with Mat or Involute leaves, and spikelike
solitary raceme-; terminating the stem or its branches; Bpikelets in pair- ;ii each node
of the jointed and often hairy rachis. one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and
sterile; glumes indurated 9ometim< pubescent; lemma entire or 2-toothed at the

apex, bearing a straij hi . conl rted, or spiral awn; palea small, hyaline; sta ru I to

3; st_\ les distini I

r,LT,70 o — 15 4

50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Hairs of the pedicels very few and short or none 1. S. cirratum.

Hairs of the pedicels long and silky, abundant.

Peduncles long and slender, much exserted 2. S. neomexicanum.

Peduncles short, stout, little if at all exserted 3. S. scoparium.

1. Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.

81: 30. 1912.
Andropogon cirratus Hack. Flora 1885: 119. 1885.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona and adjacent Mexico.
New Mexico: Star Peak; near Silver City; Mangas Springs; Dog Spring. Upper
Sonoran Zone.

2. Schizachyrium neomexicanum Nash; Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta.

Bull. 81:29. 1912.
Andropogon neomexicanus Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 83. 1898.
Type locality: White Sands, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton.
Range: New Mexico.

New Mexico: Crawfords Ranch; Organ Mountains; mountains west of Grants
Station; White Sands; Buchanan. Plains and low hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

3. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 59. 1903.
Andropogon scoparius Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 57. 1803.

Type locality: "Habitat in aridis syl varum Carolinae."

Range: British America to Texas, Florida, and Mexico.

New Mexico: Coolidge; San Lorenzo; Pecos; Clayton; Trout Spring; Taos;
Raton Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains; Pecos
Valley. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

5. AMPHILOPHIS Nash.

Tufted perennials with mostly flat leaves and showy, often silvery, white panicles,
the axis short, making the panicle appear fanlike, or elongated; racemes usually
numerous, the internodes with thickened margins, the median portion thin and
translucent; pedicels ciliate with usually long hairs; first glume 2-keeled, the second
1-keeled; lemma hyaline, very narrow, stipelike, gradually merging into an awn;
stamens 3; styles distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Hairs on the rachis and pedicels shorter than the spikelets 1. A. wrightii.

Hairs on the rachis and pedicels longer than the spikelets.

Awns 10 mm. long or less; panicles usually small 2. A. saccharoides.

Awns mere than 10 mm. long; panicles large 3. A. barbinodis.

1. Amphilophis wrightii (Hack.) Nash in Britton, Man. 71. 1901.
Andropogon wrightii Hack. Flora 1885: 139. 1885.

Type locality: "New Mexico." Type collected by Wright (no. 2104).

Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Hillsboro (Metcalfe 1371). Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Amphilophis saccharoides (Swartz) Nash; Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp.

Sta. Bull. 81:30. 1912.
Andropogon saccharoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788.
Type locality: Jamaica.
Range: Western Texas and southern Arizona to Mexico and the West Indies.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 51

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; Belen; Eagle Creek; Guadalupe Mountains; Lake-
wood; Carlsbad. Mesas and valleys, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

3. Amphilophis barbinodis (Lag.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 65. 1903.

Andropogon barbinodis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3. 1816.

Type locality: "H [abitat] in N [ova] H [ispania]."

Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Las Vegas Canyon; Black Range; Silver City; Burro Mountains;
Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; NaraVisa; Buchanan; Knowles; Carlsbad. Dry
hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

6. ANDROPOGON L. Tall sage grass.

Tall perennials, tufted or from elongated rootstocks, with flat or involute leaves and
with spikelike racemes disposed in pairs or sometimes in 3's or more, terminating the
stem or its branches; spikelets sometimes with a ring of short hairs at the base, in
pairs at each node of the jointed and often hairy rachis, one sessile and fertile, the
other pedicellate and sterile; glumes indurated, often pubescent; lemma entire or
2-toothed at the apex, awned or sometimes awnless; palea small, hyaline; stamens 1
to 3; styles distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Second lemma of the sessile spikelet awnless, or with a short

straight awn 1. A. hallii.

Second lemma of the sessile spikelet with a long geniculate awn,
more or less twisted at the base.
Glumes of the sessile spikelet hispidulous all over; hairs of

the rachis intcrnodes 2 mm. long or less 2. A. furcatus.

Glumes of the sessile spikelet glabrous or nearly so except on
the nerves;, hairs of the rachis internodes 3 to 4 mm.
long 3. A. chrysocomus.

1. Andropogon hallii Hack. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw. (Wien) 89:

127. 1884.
Type locality: Colorado.

Range: Montana and Nebraska to Kansas and Mexico.

Xi.sv Mexico: Near Portales; Buchanan; northeast of Clay ton ; mountains west of
Las Vegas; Nara Visa; Arroyo Ranch. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Andropogon furcatus Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 919. 1806.
Andropogon provincialis furcatus Hack, in DC. Monogr. Plum. 5: 1 12. 1889.
Type locality: ''Habitat in America boreali."

Range: British America to Florida and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Dulce. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

3. Andropogon chrysocomus Nash in Britton, Man. 70. 1901.
Type locality: Stevens County, Kansas. 1

Range: Kansas and Texas to New Mexico.

Ni:w Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains. Plainaand
dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

7. HOLCUS L.
Tall perennial with numerous long rootstocks, broad flat loaves, and large terminal
panicles; spikelets in pairs or 8's at the en<ls of the branches, one sessile and perfect!
the others pedicellate and staminate, dorsally compressed, pubescent <>r ^lahroua;
glumes indurated; lemma hyaline, awned or awnless; stamens 3; styles distinct.

1 N. Amer. Fl. 17: 120. 1912.

52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Holcus halepensis L. Sp. PI. 1047. 1753. Johnson grass.

Andropogon halepensis Brot. Fl. Lusit 1: 89. 1804.

Sorghum halepense Pers. Syn. PL 1: 101. 1805.

Type locality: "Habitat in Syria, Mauritania."

Range: Native of the Old World, widely introduced into North America, frequent
as a weed in cultivated fields.

New Mexico: Nara Visa; Mangas Springs; Hillsboro; Gila; Deming; Mesilla
Valley; Pecos Valley.

This is common in several parts of New Mexico, especially in the irrigated river
valleys. So far it has not been introduced into the valley of the San Juan, but it is
well established in those of the Rio Grande and Pecos. In some parts of the State it
has been cultivated for hay. Unfortunately it is a very troublesome weed, and in the
Rio Grande Valley has become a dangerous pest in alfalfa fields, taking possession of
them and crowding out the less aggressive alfalfa.

8. SORGHASTRTJM Nash. Indian grass.

Stout perennials with racemes arranged in open panicles; spikelets sessile at each
joint of the slender rachis of the peduncled racemes, these reduced to 2 or 3 joints;
sterile spikelets reduced to hairy pedicels; glumes indurated; sterile lemma hyaline,
the fertile lemma reduced to hyaline appendages to the stout awn; palea obsolete.

1. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 66. 1903.

Andropogon nutans L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753.

Andropogon avenaceus Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 58. 1803.

Sorghum nutans A. Gray, Man. 617. 1848.

Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Jamaica."

Range: British America to Arizona and Florida.

New Mexico: Tesuque; Las Vegas; Clayton; East View; Kingston; RioMimbres.
Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

9. HETEROPOGON Pers.

Coarse perennial with narrow leaves, compressed sheaths, and terminal solitary
dense racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, in pairs at the rachis nodes, one sessile and fertile,
the other pedicellate and staminate or sterile; glumes firm, convolute, awnless; lemma
small, hyaline, awned; palea small and hyaline, or wanting; stamens 3; styles distinct.

1. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 836. 1817.

Andropogon contortus L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in India."

Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Tropical America; in tropical lands nearly
around the world.

New Mexico: Hillsboro; Tortugas Mountain; Organ Mountains. Dry hills, in the
Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

10. NAZIA Adans.

Diffusely branched annual with flat leaves and terminal spikelike inflorescence;
spikelets in groups of 3 to several at each joint of the main axis, the uppermost in
each fascicle sterile, 1-flowered; first glume minute or wanting; second glume rigid,
exceeding the lemma, its back covered with hooked spines; lemma and palea hya-
line; stamens 3; styles short and distinct; grain oblong, free.

1. Nazia aliena (Spreng.) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 28. 1899.
Lappago aliena Spreng. Neu. Entd. 3: 15. 1822.
Tragus alienus Schult. Mant. 2: 205. 1824.
Type locality: "Hab. in Brasilia."

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 53

Range: Western Texas and southern Arizona to Mexico, and throughout tropical
America.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Mangas Springs; Lake Valley; Socorro; Dem-
ing; Burro Mountains; Organ Mountains; Carrizozo. Dry sandy soil, in the Lower
Sonoran Zone.

11. HILARIA H. B. K.

Cespitose or decumbent perennials, often stoloniferous, with flat or involute leaves
and terminal solitary spikes; spikelets sessile, in groups of 3 at each joint of the flexu-
ous continuous rachis, the groups falling off entire, the 2 outer or anterior spikelets
staminate and 2 or 3-flowered, the posterior or inner one pistillate or hermaphrodite
and 1-flowered; glumes firm, unequal, many-nerved, more or less connate below,
entire at the apex or divided, usually unequally 2-lobed with 1 to several inter-
mediate awns or awnlike divisions; lemmas narrow; stamens 3; styles united below;
grain ovoid or oblong, free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Base of glumes with black or purplish glands ] . H. cenchroides.

Glumes not glandular.

Glumes cuneate, awnless, the nerves divergent 2. H.mutica.

Glumes linear or oblong, awned, the nerves approximate 3. H. jamesii.

1. Hilaria cenchroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 117. pi. 37. 1816.

Texas curly mesquite grass.

Type locality: "Crescit in planitie montana regni Mexicani, inter Zelaya et
Guanaxuato, locis subfrigidis, alt. 980 hexap."

Range: Western Texas and southwestern New Mexico and southward.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Cook Spring. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

2. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 62. 1881.

TOBOSA GRASS.

Pleuraphis mutica Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 95. 1863.

Type locality: "Northern Texas."

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Common on the plains and low hills from the Black Range and
White Mountains southward; also collected by Bigelow at Laguna Colorado. Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

Tobosa grass is one of the most important range grasses on the plains and mesas of
BOUtherrj New Mexico, being usually associated with black grama. Stock do not eal it
after it has dried, because of its bard and somewhat woody stems, Inn they thrive upon
it in late summer after the rains. 1 1 grows most frequently in Hats thai are sometimes
Hooded, being able to resist flooding for considerable periods. It is also very r<
ant to trampling.

3. Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 62. 1881.

( i \l I KTA QBASS.

Pleuraphis jamesii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: I IS. pi. It). L824.

Tvi'K locality: "On the high plains of the Trap Formation at the Bources of the
Canadian Liver." Colorado or New Mexico. Type collected byJai

K'.'.i - Wyoming and Nevada to Texa ,

New Mexico: Ahundanl on the plains from the Mogollon Mountains, Bngle, and
the White Mountains northward and eastward. Plains, in the I pper Sonoran Zone.

Galleta grass occupies (lie same position in northern New Mexico as tobosa In the
southern part. It is by far the mosl abundant and characteristic plant on the piains
in the northwestern corner of the State, often forming practically pure stand

54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

many miles. It is probably the second most valuable range grass of New Mexico,
being an excellent forage plant, very persistent, and not easily killed by overstocking.

12. VALOTA Adans.

Tufted perennials with flat leaves and narrow or contracted, densely hairy pani-
cles; Bpikelets numerous, articulated below the glumes, 1-flowered; glumes mem-
branous, densely silky-pilose or long-ciliate on the margins, often acuminate, some-
times with a short bristle at the apex; lemma chartaceous, glabrous and shining,
finally indurated; stamens 3; styles distinct.

1. Valota saccharata (Buckl.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 188. 1906.

Panieum lachnanthum Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 7 3 : 21. 1856, not Hochst.
1855.

Panieum saccharatum Buckl. Prel. Rep. Geol. Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 2. 1866.

Trichachne saccharatum Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 83. 1903.

Type locality: "Middle Texas."

Range: Colorado and Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

New Mexico: Albuquerque; Mangas Springs; Black Range; Dog Spring; Dona
Ana and Organ Mountains; Causey. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

13. SYNTHERISMA Walt.

Annuals with branched culms, thin flat leaves, and subdigitate inflorescence;
opikelets 1-flowered, lanceolate-elliptic, sessile or short-pediceled, solitary or in 2's
and 3's in 2 rows on one side of a continuous, narrow or winged rachis, forming slender
racemes, these aggregated toward the top of the culm; glumes 1 to 3-nerved, the first
sometimes obsolete; sterile lemma 5-nerved, the fertile indurated, papillose-striate,
with a hyaline margin.
1. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 77. 1867. Crabgrass.

Panieum sanguinale L. Sp. PI. 57. 1753.

Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772.

Type locality: "Habitat in America, Europa australi."

Range: Cultivated and waste grounds in nearly all parts of the United States,
introduced from Europe.

New Mexico: Galisteo; Animas Creek; Deming; Mesilla Valley; Guadalupe
Mountains.

14. LEPTOLOMA Chase.

Tufted perennials with flat leaves and diffuse terminal panicles, these breaking
away at maturity and becoming "tumbleweeds;" spikelets 1-flowered, fusiform,
solitary on long capillary pedicels; first glume obsolete or minute, the second 3-nerved,
nearly as long as the 5 to 7-nerved sterile lemma; fertile lemma indurated, papillose,
with a hyaline margin, this not inrolled; grain free.

1. Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 92. 1906.

Fall witch grass.

Panieum cognatum Schult. Mant. 2: 235. 1824.

Panieum autumnale Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1 : 320. 1825.

Type locality: "In Carolina."

Range: New Hampshire and Florida to Minnesota, New Mexico, and Mexico.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Knowles; Buchanan; Tortugas Mountain;
Roswell. Dry soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

15. ERIOCHLOA H. B. K.

Annuals or perennials with usually flat leaves and terminal panicles composed of
numerous somewhat one-sided racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite; rachilla
jointed below the glumes and expanded into a distinct ringlike callus; glumes 2, the

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OP NEW MEXICO. 55

first reduced to a ring at the articulation, the second equaling the lemma, membrana-
ceous, more or less acuminate; lemma slightly indurated, mucronate or shortly awn-
pointed; palea shorter than the lemma; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain included
within the hardened lemma, free.

1. Eriochloa polystachya H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 95. pi. SI. 1816.

Type locality: Near Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Range: Florida and Arizona to Mexico and Tropical America.

New Mexico: Belen; Mesilla Valley; Pena Blanca; White Mountains. Moist
ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

16. PASPALTJM L.

Perennials, often stoloniferous, with flat leaves; spikelets 1-flowered, plano-convex,
nearly sessile in 2 or 4 rows along one side of a continuous, narrow or dilated rachis,
forming simple racemes, these either solitary or 2 or more, digitate or paniculate;
rachilla jointed below the glumes; glumes awnless, obtuse, membranaceous, the first
usually wanting (often present in P. distichum, shorter than the second); grain oblong,
inclosed within the indurated lemma and palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes; inflorescence of 2 terminal

spikes 1. P. distichum.

Stems not creeping, mostly erect, not rooting at the nodes; panicle
of more than 2 scattered spikes.
Spikelets on short pedicels; plants almost glabrous, the slender

hairs mostly confined to the leaf margins 2. P. ciliatifolium.

Spikelets sessile or nearly so; plants more or less villous with

stiff hairs all over the leaves 3. P. bushii.

1. Paspalum distichum L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 391. 1759. Joint grass.
Type locality: Jamaica.

Range: California and North Carolina to Florida; also in South America, East
Indies, and Australia.

New Mexico: Socorro; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Rincon; Cienaga Ranch;
Apache Teju; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains. River valleys, especially in day
soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

A common weed in irrigated fields, difficult to exterminate because of its long,
creeping stems.

2. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 44. 1803.

Paspalum setaceum ciliatifolium Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 17. 1892.

Type locality: " Habitat in Carolina."

Range: New Mexico and Texas to New Jersey and Florida; also in Mexico and
South America.

Xkw Mexico: Arroyo Ranch, near Roswell (GfriffUhs 5734). l>ry Boil, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

3. Paspalum bushii Nash in Britton, Man. 71. L901.
Type locality: Missouri.

Range: Missouri to Kansas and eastern New Mexico.

Nkw Mexico: Northeast of Clayton; Bands south of Melrose; Nara Visa. Plains,

in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

17. PANICUM L. Panic grass.

Annuals or perennials; spikelets 1-flowered, or rarely with a staminate flower below
the terminal perfect one, paniculate; glumes very unequal, the first often minute,
the second subequal to the sterile lemma; fertile lemma and palea chartaceous-
indurated, the nerves obsolete, the margins of the lemma inrolled; grain free within
the rigid lemma and palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikelets arranged in pairs in 1-sided racemes; plants spread-
ing by long stolons 1. P. obtusum.

Spikelets panicled; plants without stolons.

Leaf blades of two sorts, those of the stems broad and short.
Spikelets less than 3 mm. long; leaf blades thin;

sheaths glabrous or sparsely hispid 2. P. helleri.

Spikelets more than 3 mm. long; leaf blades firm; at

least some of the sheaths hispid 3. P. scribnerianum.

Leaf blades all alike.
Annuals.

Inflorescence of several more or less secund, spike-
like racemes.
Spikelets strongly reticulate- veined, glab-
rous 4. P.fasciculatum reti-

culatum.
Spikelets not reticulate-veined, pubescent

and copiously papillose-hirsute 5. P. arizonicum.

Inflorescence a more or less diffuse panicle.

First glume very short, not over one-fourth
the length of the second ; sheaths glab-
rous 6. P. dichotomiflorum.

First glume longer, half as long as the second
or more; sheaths pubescent.

Panicles somewhat drooping 7. P. miliaceum.

Panicles erect.

Panicles large, more than half the

length of the entire plant 8. P .barbipulvinatum.

Panicles small, not over one-third
the length of the plants.
First glume more than three-
fourths the length of the
second; spikelets 4 mm.

long 9. P. pampinosum.

First glume half to two-thirds
the length of the second;
spikelets not over 3.3 mm.

long 10. P. hirlicaule.

Perennials.

Stems neither bulbous nor rhizomatous.

Sterile palea enlarged and indurated at ma-
turity; glumes acute 11. P. Mans.

Sterile palea not enlarged; glumes acumi-
nate 12. P. hallii.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY— FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 57

Stems bulbous at the base or rhizomatous.
Glumes acuminate.

Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long; first glume

acuminate to cuspidate 13. P. virgatum.

Spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; first glume

acute 14. P. havardii.

Glumes obtuse or merely acute, never acu-
minate.

Culms from a rootstock, not bulbous 15. P. plenum.

Culms from enlarged bulbous bases.

Leaf blades over 5 mm. wide; culms

usually over 1 meter high 16. P. bulbosum.

Leaf blades less than 5 mm. wide;
cnlrns usually less than 1 me-
ter high IGa. P. bulbosum scia-

philum.

1. Panicum obtusum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 98. 1816.

Vine mesquite grass.

Brachiaria obtusa Nash in Britton, Man. 77. 1901.

Type locality: "Crescit in planitie montana regni Mexicani prope (iuanaxuato
et Burras, in humidis, alt. 1,0S0 hexap."

Range: Colorado and Missouri to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico.

New Mexico: Common from Gallup, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, and Clayton south-
ward across the State. Plains and river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran
zones.

2. Panicum helleri Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 572. 1899.
Panicum pernervosum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 576. 1899.
Type locality: Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas.

Range: Missouri and Louisiana to Texas and New Mexico.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Sierra Grande. Plains and low hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 421. 1895.
Tyi>e locality: Pennsylvania.

Range: Washington and Maine to California, New Mexico, Texas, and Maryland.
New Mexico: Las Vegas (Cockerell). Dry fields, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

4. Panicum fasciculatum reticulatum (Torr.) Boal, G ra ssd V. Amcr. 2: 117. 1896.
Panicum reticulatum Tarr. in Marry, Expl. Red Riv. 299. 1852.

Type locality: "Main fork of Red River," Tex

Range: Texas and Arizona to Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro (Plank 38). Diy fields-.

5. Panicum arizonicum Scribn. A Merr. U. S. Dcpt. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32:

2. 1901.

Type locality: On mesas near Gamp Lowell, Santa Cruz Valley, Arizona.

Range: New Mexico and southern California to northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Mogollon ('rook; Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Billsboro; mesa
west of Organ Mountains. Dry hills and sandy mesas, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

6. Panicum dichotonuflorum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:48. L803.
Type locality: "Hub. in octidentalibusmontium Alleghania."

Range: Maine and Nebraska to Florida and Texas, and in California; also In
Mexico, the Wesl [ndies, and South America.
New Mexioo: Last ruces (Plant 29). Lower and Upper Sonoran a a.

58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

7. Panicum miliaceum L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753. Hog millet.
Milium panicum Mill. Gard. Diet. no. 1. 1759.

Milium esculentum Moench, Meth. PI. 203. 1794.
Type locality: "Habitat in India."

Range: Native of the Old World, introduced rather sparingly in the United States;
often cultivated.
New Mexico: Flora Vista; Gilmores Ranch.

8. Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 21. 1900.
Type locality: "Yellowstone Park; Lower Geyser Basin."

Range: British Columbia and Wisconsin to California and Texas.
New Mexico: Common throughout the State except along the Pecos Valley and
eastward. Sandy fields, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

9. Panicum pampinosum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 66. 1910.
Type locality: "On range reserve, altitude 2,600 feet, Wilmot, Arizona."
Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Grant County. Dry hills, in tbe Upper Sonoran
Zone.

10. Panicum hirticaule Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 308. 1830.
Type locality: Acapulco, Mexico.

Range: New Mexico and southern California to Mexico.

New Mexico: Southwest corner of the State, north to Mangas Springs, east to the
Organ Mountains. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

11. Panicum hians Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 118. 1816.
Type locality: South Carolina or Georgia.

Range: South Carolina and Florida to Texas and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Las Cruces (Plank 6). Damp ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

12. Panicum hallii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 64. 1884.
Type locality: Dry hills, Austin, Texas.

Range: Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Mangas Springs; Deming; Las Cruces; Organ Moun-
tains; Buchanan; Roswell; Carlsbad; Queen. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

13. Panicum virgatum L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. Switch grass.
Panicum giganteum Scheele, Linnsea 22: 340. 1849.

Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."

Range: Wyoming and Maine to Florida and Arizona, south into Mexico and the
West Indies.

New Mexico: Farmington; Pecos; Tesuque; Grant County; Organ Mountains;
Ruidoso Creek; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

14. Panicum havardii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 95. 1887.
Type locality: Guadalupe Mountains, Texas.

Range: Western Texas to New Mexico and Mexico.

New Mexico: Las Vegas; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

15. Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 80. 1910.
Type locality: Mangas Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no.

739).

Range: Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Organ Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 59

16. Panicum bulbosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 99. 1815.

Panicum maximum bulbosum Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. XJ. S. Surv. 100th Merid. G:
295. 1878.

Type locality: "Creseit in Novae Hispaniae scopulosis et frigidis juxta Santa
Rosa, Los Joares et Guanaxuato, inter 1,070 et 1,360 hexap."

Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico.

New Mexico: Las Vegas; Carpenter Creek; Animas Valley; Burro Mountains;
Copper Mines; Organ Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Ruidoso Creek. Canyons
and open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

16a. Panicum bulbosum sciaphilum (Rupr.) Hitchc. & Chase, Confer. TJ. S. Nat.
Herb. 15: 83. 1910.

Panicum sciaphilum Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 19. 1881.

Panicum bulbosum minor Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 38. 1889.

Type locality: Sierra de Yavesia, Mexico.

Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Las Vegas; Organ Mountains; Gray. Canyons and
low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

18. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv.

Coarse annuals with compressed sheaths, long flat leaves, and terminal panicles of
stout racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, with sometimes a staminate flower below the
perfect terminal one, nearly sessile in one-sided racemes; glumes unequal, spiny-
hispid, mucronate; sterile lemma similar, awned from the apex, inclosing a hyaline
palea; fertile lemma and palea chartaceous, acuminate; margins of the glume inrolled
except at the summit.

key to the species.

Spikes simple 1 . E. colon wm .

Spikes compound.

Awns about 25 mm. long 2. E. crus-galli.

Awns 2 mm. long or less 3. E. zelayensia.

1. Ecbinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209. 1833. Jungle rice.
Panicum colonum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 870. L759.

Type locality: Jamaica.

Range: Wet ground and cultivated fields, Kansas and Virginia, southward through-
out tropical America.

New Mexico: Deming; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; Gavilan Canyon. Wet
ground and cultivated fields, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The subspecies zonalis is a form with transverse purplish hands upon the leaves.
It is common with the typical form, and is especially abundant anions those plants
that have grown in dry soil. Both are frequent as weeds in cultivated ground.

2. Ecbinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 53. 1812. Barnv \i;i> GRASS.
Panicum crusgalli L. Sp. PL 56. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae el Virginiae cultis."

Range: In waste ground in the warmer parts of North America, and nearly around
the world.
New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Mangas Springs.

3. Ecbinochloa zelayensis (If. B. K.) Schult Mant. 2: 269. L824.
Oplismcnus zelayentu II. B. K. Nov. (Jen. A: Sp. 1: L08. Mii.
Tvi'E locality: NearZelaya, Quere'taro, Mexico.

Ranob: Southwestern United States to South America.

New Mexico: Common in waste and cultivated land throughout the State.

60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

19. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn.

Annuals or perennials with flat leaves and bristly spikelike panicles; spikelets^
hermaphrodite, 1-flowered, or sometimes with a staminate flower below the hermaphro-
dite terminal one, surrounded by few or many persistent awnlike branches springing
from the pedicels below the articulation of the spikelets; glumes awnless; stamens 3;
styles distinct; grain included within the hardened lemma and palea, free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Panicles dense and thick.

Spikelets arranged singly in racemes; 5 to 16 bristles at the base

of each spikelet 1 . C. glauca.

Spikelets clustered but not in racemes; 1 to 3 bristles at base of

each spikelet 2. C. viridis.

Panicles slender, interrupted.

Leaf blades more than 5 mm. wide; spikes with distinct, some-
what spreading branches below 3. C. grisebachii

ampla.
Leaf blades less than 5 mm. wiilo; spikes not branched below,

merely interrupted 4. C. composita.

1. Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost, Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Pigeon grass.
Panicum glaucum L. Sp. PI. 56. 1753.
Setaria glauca Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in India."

Range: A native of the Old World, widely introduced into North America, in New
Mexico still rare.
New Mexico: Kingston; Mesilla Valley; Roswell.

2. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. U. S. Dept, Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Green foxtail.

Panicum viride L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 83. 1762.

Setaria viridis Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. 1812.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europa australi."

Range: Native of Europe, widely introduced into North America; in New Mexico
a common weed in cultivated fields.

New Mexico: Common in waste and cultivated ground in nearly every part of
the State.

3. Chaetochloa grisebachii ampla Scribn. it Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 21: 36. 1900.
Type locality: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by G. R. Vasey.
R,ange: New Mexico and Arizona to northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Spi'ings; Hillsboro; Rio Frisco; Burro Mountains; Organ
Mountains; Tortugas Mountain. Damp canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

4. Chaetochloa composita (H. B. K.) Scribn. U. S. Dept, Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.

4: 39. 1897.

Setaria composita H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 111. 1816.

Type locality: "Crescit regione calidissima prope Cumana et Bordones, in Nova
Andalusia: item in ripa fluminis Magdalenae prope Guarumo et in sylvis Orinocen-
sibus juxta Esmeralda."

Range: Colorado and Arizona to Texas and Mexico; also in South America.

New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Albuquerque; Chiz; Animas Creek; Mangas Springs;
Lake Valley; Aden; Rincon; Burro Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Guadalupe Mountains;
Pecos Valley. River valleys and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY — FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 61

20. CENCHRUS L. Sand bur.

Annuals or perennials with spreading or erect culms and few or many more or less
crowded "burs" in terminal spikes; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite, 1 to 4
together with an ovoid or globular involucre of rigid, more or less connate bristles
forming spiny burs or false capsules, these sessile or nearly so in simple terminal spikes
or racemes, falling with the spikelets; glumes awnless; grain free within the slightly
hardened lemma and palea.

1. Cenchrus carolinianus Walt. Fl. Carol. 79. 1788.

Type locality: Carolina.

Range: Maine and Minnesota to Florida and New Mexico, and southward.

New Mexico: Waste and cultivated ground at lower elevations throughout the
State; common. In sandy soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

Sand burs are the most pernicious weeds of the State. They are often abundant
in cultivated ground, where, unless steps are taken to exterminate them, they spread
rapidly. In alfalfa fields they often become so numerous as to render the hay value-
less. The spines of the burs are extremely sharp and will pierce the uppers of shoes.
After they have entered one's flesh they usually break off when an attempt is made
to extract them.

21. PHALARIS L. Canary grass.

Annuals or perennials with flat leaves and densely flowered spikelike or capitate
inflorescence; spikelets 1-flowered, strongly flattened laterally; rachilla jointed al
the glumes; glumes awnless, equal, boat-shaped, usually winged on the keel; lemmas
hard and shining in fruit, closely investing the grain and palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Glumes not winged; inflorescence a narrow panicle 1. P. arundinacea.

Glumes w inged; inflorescence spikelike 2. P. caroliniana.

1. Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 55. 1753. Reed Canary grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae subhumidis ad ripas lacuum."

Range: British America to Nevada, New Mexico, and New Jersey; also in Europe
and Asia.
New Mexico: Ghama {Standlcy G806). Wet ground, in the Transition Zone.

2. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol. 74. 1788. Southern Canaby <;kass.
Type locality: South Carolina.

K\ qe: California and South Carolina to New Mexico and Florida.
New Mexico: Burro Mountains; Agricultural College. Moist ground.

22. SAVASTANA Sehrank.

mi. perennials with Hat Leaves and usually rather small pyramidal terminal
panicles; spikelets 3-flowered, the terminal floret hermaphrodite, the others stami]
rachilla jointed above the glumes; glumes nearly equal, about lie' length of the

spikelet, acute, smooth; lemmas about equaling the glumes, awnli eor Bhort-aw I;

ens in the male florets 3, in the hermaphrodite floret 2; styles distinct, rather long;
grain free.

1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Mem. Torrey Club 6: 34. L894. Vanillj
Holcus odaratut L. Bp. PI. mis. i.

■rh/nr borealis Roem. A Bchult. Syet Veg. 2: 513. L817.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae frigidiorispascuishumentibus.' 1
Range: Bi Ltish Am< ' Ln, and Ni

62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Trout Spring; Pecos Baldy. Meadows, in the Hudsonian and
Arctic-Alpine zones.

23. LYCURUS II. B. K.

Cespitose erect perennial with narrow or convolute leaves and densely flowered
cylindrical spikelike terminal panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, usually in pairs; glumes
nerved, the nerves often produced into awns; lemma 3-nerved, awned, broader and
longer than the glumes; palea 2-nerved, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles short, distinct;
grain included within the glumes, free.

1. Lycurus phleoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 141. pi. 45. 1816.

Texas timothy.

Type locality: "Crescit in temperatis Mexici, inter Guanazuato et Temescatio
et in radicibus aridissimi montis La Buffa, alt. 1030 hexap."

Range: Western Texas and southern Arizona to Mexico.

New Mexico: Abundant from the Mogollon Mountains and Santa Fe and Las
Vegas mountains southward and eastward across the State. Dry hills, in the Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

Texas timothy is abundant on the dry hills of the southern part of the State. It is
less common in the north. It grows in bunches and is a rather important range grass
in some sections.

24. ARISTIDA L. Needle grass.

Tufted annuals or perennials with narrow leaves; spikelets 1-flowered, on long or
short slender pedicels, in more or less expanded terminal panicles; rachilla articulated
above the glumes and produced into a hard obconical hairy callus below the lemma
but not extending beyond it; glumes more or less unequal, acute or bristle-pointed,
slightly keeled; lemma somewhat firmer in texture, closely rolled around the floret
and the usually short palea, terminating in a usually trifid awn; grain slender, tightly
inclosed in the hardened lemma but free from it.

key to the species.

Annual 1. A. bromoides.

Perennials.

Plants widely divaricate-branched, the branches of the panicle
rigid and straight.

Awns 3, all of about the same length 2. A. divaricata.

Awns apparently 1, the lateral ones short or obsolete 3. A. schiediana.

Plants with erect or at most rather weakly spreading stems.
Glumes nearly equal.

Plants stout and strict, 30 cm. high or more; pedicels

short, straight; glumes conspicuously awned 4. A.arizonica.

Plants slender, 20 cm. high or less, rather spreading;
pedicels slender, sinuous; glumes acuminate,

not awned 5. A. havardii.

Glumes very unequal, the first usually about half as long

as the second.

Mature lemma not tapering upward, the neck of about

the same diameter as the base; second glume

considerably longer than the lemma, the latter

smooth; awns 6 to 8 cm. long 6. A. longiseta.

Mature lemmas tapering upward into a slender neck;
second glume barely surpassing the lemma,
usually shorter, the lemmas usually 6cabrous;
awns usually much less than 6 cm. long.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 63

Spikelete small, 10 mm. long or less, the awns
never more than twice as long as the lemma.
Panicle strict, congested, never spreading... 7. A. vaseyi.
Panicle spreading, at least in age.

Panicles always spreading, the pedicels
very weak and sinuous; awns

merely spreading 8. A. micrantha.

Panicles at first congested, finally spread-
ing, the pedicels rigid, straight,
ascending; awns Btrongly diver-
gent 9. A. pansa.

Spikelets large, 15 mm. long or more, the awns
usually more than twice as long as the
lemma.
Panicles simple or nearly so.

Panicles strict, the spikelets numerous
and congested, relatively small;

pedicels short 7. A. vaseyi.

Panicles lax, the spikelets few, scattered,
about 15 mm. long; pedicels elon-
gated 10. A.fendleriana.

Panicles compound.

Culms stout; panicles rigidly erect; pedi-
cels straight 11. A. wrightii.

Culms weaker and more slender; panicles
laxly spreading; pedicels very
slender, often curved 12. A. purpurea.

1. Aristida bromoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 122. 1816.

Six-weeks needle grass.

Type locality: "In montibus regni Quitensis, juxta Tambo de Guamote et
Llanos de Tiocaxas, alt. 1,600 hexap."

Range: Texas and Arizona to Mexico; also in South America.

New Mexico: Santa Fe; Cross L Ranch; Cerrillos; Chama River; Algodones;
Socorro; Mangas Springs; Black Range; Deming; Dona Ana and Organ mountains;
White Sands; White Mountains; Guadalupe Mountains; Knowles; Roswell. Dry
plains and hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

2. Aristida divaricata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enuni. PI. 99. 1809.

Aristida humboldtiana Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. P6tereb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5 1 : 118.
1842.

Type locality: "Habitat in Mexico."

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Texline; Gallinas Mountains; Black Range; Deming*,
Dona Ana and Organ mountains; Eagle Creek; Lake Arthur. Dry plains and hills,
in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

3. Aristida schiediana Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. IVtersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5':

120. 1842.
Aristida divergens Vaeey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 48. 1892.
Type locality: "Mexico: prope Jalapam."
Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro; Beat Mountain; Copper Mines; i ir^iii Mountains; plains
south of Roswell. Upper Sonoran Zone.

64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Aristida arizonica Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 27. 1886.
Type locality: "Arizona."

Range: Arizona and New Mexico to western Texas.

New Mexico: Clayton; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; near Jewett Gap; Grant County;
Buchanan; Leachs; Knowles; White Mountains. Plains and low hills, in the Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones.

5. Aristida havardii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 27. 1886.
Type locality: "Western Texas."

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Gallinas Mountains; Albuquerque; Fort Bayard; Grant; Bonito
Crossing; Gilmores Ranch; Gray; Carlsbad; Arroyo Ranch. Hills and plains, in the
Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

6. Aristida longiseta Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 420. 1854. Wiregrass.
Type locality: New Mexico, probably near or at Santa Fe. Type collected by

Fendler (no. 978).
New Mexico: Common throughout the State.

7. Aristida vaseyi Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 55. 1912;

Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 113. 1913.

Aristida reverchoni augusta Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 46. 1892.

Type locality: Comanche Peak, Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro; mountains west of San Antonio; Mangas Springs; Tortugas
Mountain; Pena Blanca; Alamogordo. Plains and low hills, in the Lower Sonoran
Zone.

8. Aristida micrantha (Vasey) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 117. 1903.
Aristida purpurea micrantha Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 47. 1892.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carlsbad (Smith). Dry plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

9. Aristida pansa Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 112. 1913.

Type locality: Tortugas Mountain near Las Cruces, New Mexico. Type collected
by Wooton, October 6, 1904.
Range: Southern New Mexico to Mexico.
New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain. Dry hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

10. Aristida fendleriana Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 420. 1855.

Aristida longiseta fendleriana Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 24: 5. 1901.

Type locality: Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 973).

Range: Colorado and Texas to Arizona.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Santa Fe;
northeast of Clayton; 25 miles south of Gallup; Rito Quemado; 35 miles south of Tor-
rance; near Suwanee; Copper Mines; Mimbres and Cooks Spring. Dry hills and
plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

11. Aristida wrightii Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast, U. S. 116. 1903.
Type locality: Dallas, Texas.

Range: Texas and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Atarque de Garcia; Doming; Organ Mountains; Dona Ana Moun-
tains; Buchanan; Redlands. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran
zones.

12. Aristida purpurea Nutt, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 145. 1837.

Purple needle grass.
Type locality: "On grassy plains of the Red River, in arid situations."
Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 65

New Mexico: Twenty-five miles south of Gallup; Clayton; Cross L Ranch; Albu-
querque; Suwanee; Socorro; Texline; Mogollon Mountains; Tortugas Mountain;
Buchanan; Knowles; Arroyo Ranch; east of Carlsbad; Mesilla. Dry plains and hills,
in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The subspecies laxiflora is a form with very slender curved pedicels and is probably
the same as A. subuniflora Nash, 1 the type of which we have not seen. It occurs
wherever the type grows, and may be recognized by the fewer spikelets on very
slender curved pedicels and the usually longer awns.

25. STIPA L. Porcupine grass.

Tufted perennials with mostly narrow or involute leaves, and terminal, usually
open panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla articulated above the glumes and pro-
duced below the lemma into a strong bearded obconical sharp-pointed callus;
glumes thin, membranaceous, subequal, acute or bristle-pointed; lemma narrow, sub-
coriaceous, closely investing the floret, terminating in a twisted and geniculate simple
awn articulated with the apex; grain terete, closely enveloped by the indurated
lemma.

key to the species.
Glumes 2 cm. long or more.

Awns plumose 1. 5. neomexicana .

Awns not plumose.

Base of panicle usually included in the sheaths; lemmas

8 to 12 mm. long 2. S. comata.

Base of panicle exserted; lemmas more than 12 mm. long.

Lemmas 12 to 15 mm. long 3. S. tweedyi.

Lemmas 20 to 25 mm. long 4. S. spartea.

Glumes 15 mm. long or less.
Panicles loose and open.

Lemmas 4 mm. long or less.

Awns 60 to 80 mm. long, curled above the joint; lem-
mas about 3 mm. long 5. S. tenuissima.

Awns 15 mm. long or less, not curled; lemmas about

4 mm. long 6. S. fimbriata.

Lemmas 6 to 9 mm. long.

Glumes broad; awns about 25 mm. long 7. S. pringhi.

Glumes narrow; awns 40 to 50 mm. long 8. 5. eminens.

Panicles narrow, dense, spikelike.

Glumes scarious, prominently nerved.

Awns long-hairy below 9. S. speciosa.

Awns not long-hairy.

Lemmas 5 mm. long or less, long-hairy near the

apex 10. S. lettenih

Lemmas more than 5 mm. long, equally hairy

throughout 11 8 vii idula.

Glumes firm, thick, not prominently nerved.

Lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long 12. S. minor.

Lemmas 8 to 10 mm. long.

Panicles slender; stems l<>v. and Blender; I' ■

narrow L3. 8. scribneri.

Panicles stout and dense; stems tall and stout;

leaves broad II s ' <

1 Xash in Small. I'l. Southeast. U. B. im. 1908. The type was collected in New
Mexico in 1881, by G. II. Vasey.

,76°— 15 5

66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Stipa neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17:

132. 1899. New Mexican porcupine grass.

Stipa pennata neomexicana Thurb.; Vasey, U. S. Dent. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12 2 :

no. 81. 1891.
Type locality: New Mexico.
Range: Colorado and Texas to California.

New Mexico: North of Ramah; mountains north of Santa Rita; Albuquerque; 10
miles north of Santa Fe; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Silver City; Rio Mimbres; east of
Alamogordo; Arroyo Ranch. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5 1 : 75. 1842.
Type locality: "Carlton House Fort ad fl. Saskatchawan."

Range: Alaska and Alberta to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; San Lorenzo; Chama; Horse Spring; Agua
Azul; Santa Fe; Torrance; Clayton; Pecos; Raton Mountains; Nara Visa; Jewett
Gap; Little Creek. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

Both this and the preceding are valuable range- grasses, especially because they
grow in the spring when other forage is scarce. Neither, however, reproduces well,
but either is soon killed by overstocking and replaced by the needle grasses.

3. Stipa tweedyi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 47. 189S.
Stipa comata intermedia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. 11: 171. 1886. not 5. intermedia Trin.

1842.
Type locality: Junction Butte, Yellowstone Park.
Range: Washington and Alberta to Arizona and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7676). Open slopes, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

4. Stipa spartea Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat, 1: 82. 1830.
Type locality: North America.

Range: British America to Illinois and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Standley 6223). Plains and piairies, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

5. Stipa tenuissima Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 2 1 : 36. 1836.
Type locality: Chile.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico and South America.
New Mexico: Socorro (Plank 44).

6. Stipa fimbriata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 126. 1816. Pinyon grass.
Oryzopsis fimbriata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 538. 1885.

Type locality: "Crescit in alta planitie Mexicana inter Burras et Guanaxuato;
item in scopulosis prope Mina de Villapando, inter 1050 et 1330 hexap."

Range: Arizona to western Texas and southward.

New Mexico: Bear Mountains, Burro Mountains, Organ Mountains, and Guada-
lupe Mountains and southward across the State. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran
and Transition zones.

7. Stipa pringlei Scribn. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 54. 1892.
Type locality: Mexico or Arizona.

Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to northern Mexico.
New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 557).

8. Stipa eminens Cav. Icon. PI. 5: 42. pi. 467./. 1. 1799.
Type locality: Near Chalma, Mexico.

Range: New Mexico to southern Mexico.

New Mexico: Kingston; Mangas Springs; Big Hatchet Mountains; Organ and
Dona Ana mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 67

9. Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5 X :45. L842.

Type locality: Chile.

Range: California to New Mexico and Mexico; also in South America.
New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7515.) Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

10. Stipa lettermanii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club lb: 53. 1886.
Stipa viridula lettermanii Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892.
Type locality: Idaho.

Range: Idaho and Wyoming to Utah and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe. Hills and meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and
Transition zones.

11. Stipa viridula Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 2 1 : :;!>. 1836.
Type locality: North America.

Range: British America to Kansas, Utah, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Trout Spring; Taos; Santa Fe Canyon; mountains near Las Vegas;
Raton Mountains; Cross L Ranch; El Rito Creek. Transition Zone.

12. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898.
Stipa viridula minor Vasey, Contr. .U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892.

Type locality: Kelso Mountain, Colorado.
Range: Montana to Utah and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Chama; Winsors Ranch; mouth of Indian Creek. Mountains, in
the Transition Zone.

13. Stipa scribneri Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 125. 1884.

Type locality: Dry hillsides at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by
George Vasey in 1884.

II lnge: Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Fe; Pecos; Bear Mountain; near Ruidoso. Mountains and
low hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

14. Stipa vaseyi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 16. 1898.

Sleei v i,i; \ss.
Stipa viridula robusta Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892, not<S. robusta Nutt.

1S1L».

Type locality: "Texas and Mexico."

Range: Idaho to Mexico and Texas.

New Mexico: Dulce; Santa Fe; Raton Mountains; Glorieta Mountains; Ramah;
Winsor Creek; Las Vegas; Gila Hot Springs; White Mountains. Mountains, in the
Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

A very abundanl grass in meadows al middle elevations. In tin- Sacramento-White
Moii ii i :m iv inn this is known as "sleepy grass, ""and is said to have a narcotic i
upon animals thai oat it. especially horses. \\ hile neither of the \\ titers has had an
opportunity of personally corroborating this statement, it is vouched for by many
reliable residents of the region. The narcotic effects of the plant, which are said to
appear Boon after if has been eaten, are indicated by drowsine i or sleep on the part
of the affected animals, which continues often for 18 hours and sometimes results in
death. Animals which have boon reared in these mountains never rat sleepy •.
hut those which are brought into the region will consume it because of ii luxuriance
and fre bne -. unless restrained, Strangely enough, the dried gi 10I have a

narcotic effect. T • abundant in < >t Imt regions of the State, bul

!><• id- in Hi- one range i it reputed to have narcotic properties \\ here it i
eaten by nsly and pidly, especially when other plants

nrr killed b; Icing,

68

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

26. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb.

Perennials or rarely annuals, with small spikelets; culms simple or much branched;
leaves long or short, flat or involute; panicles narrow and spikelike or open and widely
spreading; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, forming a very short
and usually hairy callus below the lemma but not extending beyond it; glumes
membranaceous or hyaline, 1 to 3-nerved or nerveless, usually unequal and shorter
than the lemma, acute or mucronate; lemma narrow, smooth, or more or less pilose
below, 3 or 5-nerved, awned from the acute apex or from between the teeth of the-
bidentate apex; awn straight or flexuous; palea thin, 2-nerved; stamens 3; grain
closely enveloped by the lemma.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Plants tall, 1 meter high or more, stout; panicle 25 to 35 cm. long. 1. M. emersleyi.
Plants lower, less than 1 meter high, mostly less than 60 cm.,
more slender; panicles shorter, less than 25 cm. long.
Panicles open and spreading.

Plants diffusely branched throughout, weakly ascend-
ing or decumbent . 2 M. porteri.

Plants erect, branched only at the base.

Secondary branches of the panicle clustered ; leaves

stiff and spiny-pointed 3. M. pungens.

Secondary branches of the panicle single; leaves
neither stiff nor spiny-pointed.
Basal leaves 5 cm. long or less, strongly re-
curved 4. M. gracillima.

Basal leaves more than 5 cm. long, not recurved.
Awns short, 4 mm. long; leaf blades 5 to 10

cm . long ; panicles green 5 . if. arenicola.

Awns long, 10 to 15 mm.; leaf blades
about 20 cm. long; panicles dark

purple 6. M. rigida.

Panicles narrow and spikelike.

Annual, 5 to 15 cm. high 7. If. schaffneri.

Perennials, mostly more than 15 cm. high.

Glumes subulate; plants with leafy branches and
long scaly rhizomes.
Glumes about as long as the lemma, not awned . 8. M. mexicana.
Glumes longer than the lemma, awned.

Lemmas only slightly villous 9. M. racemosa.

Lemmas covered with long white hairs 10. M. comata.

Glumes lanceolate to ovate; plants various.
Lemmas awnless or with very short awns.

Glumes under half as long as the lemmas. . 11. M. squamosa.
Glumes more than half as long as the
lemmas.
Glumes acute, not awned.

Panicles on long peduncles 15. M. thurberi.

Panicles partly included in the

sheaths 16. M. repens.

Glumes awned.

Lemmas hairy below 12. M. lemrnoni.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 69

Lemmas scabrous or glabrous.

Panicles dense, obtuse, 5 to 10

mm. wide 13. M. wrightii.

Panicles rather lax, tapering at
the apex, less than 5 mm.

wide 14. M. cuspidata.

Lemmas with conspicuous long awns.

Leaf sheaths very broad at the base and
papery, loose, not closely investing
the stems.
Second glume 3-toothed; lemma

pubescent at the top 17. M. trifida.

Both glumes acute or acuminate ; lem-
mas pubescent only below 18. M. viresczns.

Leaf sheaths not broad and papery, closely
investing the stems.
Spikelets on long slender pedicels.

Second glume entire at the apex. 19. M. affinis.
Second glume sharply 3 to 5-

toothed 20. M. subalpina.

Spikelets on short stout pedicels, or
sessile.
Awns about 5 mm. long; stems

stout; internodes long 21. M. acuminata.

Awns about 20 mm. long; stems
slender, wiry; internodes
short 22. M. monticola.

1. Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 66. 1892.
Muhlenbergia vaseyana Scribn. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 52. 1S99.

Type locality: "Rocky Canon, Arizona."

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico.
New Mexico: Silver City; Mogollun Mountains; Santa Rita; Animas Valley;
Organ Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 259. 1898.

Mesquite grass.

Type locality: Texas.

Range: Colorado and western Texas to California and Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Albuquerque; Organ Mountains; Tortugas Moun-
tain; Mcsilla Vallej ; Dona Ana Mountains; Jarilla: Arroyo Ranch. Hills and in.
in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

Mesquite grass receives its name from the fact dial, in the southern pari of the Siatc,
where ii is ■■. cry common, ii is nearly always found growing in the shade of mesquite
bushes, it slender, lax stems often clambering over them. Cattle arc verj fond of it
ami will force their way into the mesquite t" reach the grass.

3. Muhlenbergia pungens Think Proc. Acad. 1'hila. 1863: 78 L864

Pi i.fl i: II UK I

Type i "< ujtt: Colorado.
I: ge: Utah and Nebraska to Arizona and T<

Ni.u Mi hco Carrizo Mountain.-: Xuni Reservation; Chains River; Los I'll,
on the San Juan; White Sands. Sandhills ami on plaint in the Lowei and Upper

ran zones.

70 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBABIUM.

4. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1S56.

Ring grass.

Type locality: "Llano Estacaclo, and near the Antelope lulls of the Canadian
River," Texas or New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow.

Range: Colorado and Kansas to Texas and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Nara Visa; El Rito Draw; Las Vegas; Albuquerque;
Pecos; Roy; Clayton; Socorro; Santa Fe; Llano Estacado; Mangas Springs; Buchanan;
Deniing; Dona Ana; Guadalupe Mountains; Fort Stanton; Gray. Plains and low hills,
in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

This is very common on the plains of the northern part of the State. Its habit of
growth is peculiar: the plants are low and form dense circular mats; after a time the
center of the mat dies and a sort of " fairy ring" is left.

5. Mulilenbergia arenicola Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1863.
Type locality: "Arid places in Western Texas."

Range: Western TexaB and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Deming; Redlands; Hope; Lake Arthur; Rio San Jose; near Suwanee;
Gila Hot Springs; Arroyo Ranch; Jornada del Muerto. Dry hills, in the Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

6. Muhlenbergia rigida (H. B. K.) Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 63. 1829.
PodosaemwnrigidumJI. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 129. 1816.
Type locality: Near Guanajuato, Mexico.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico.

New Mexico: Five miles east of San Lorenzo on Mimbres River ( Metcalfe 1447).

7. Muhlenbergia schaffneri Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 85. 1881.
Type locality: "Prope Tacubaya," Mexico.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico.

New Mexico: Trujillo Creek; Mogollon Creek; Organ Mountains. Dry slopes, in
the Upper Sonoran Zone.

8. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 189. 1824.
Agrostis mexicana L. Mant. PI. 1: 31. 1767.

Type locality: "Habitat in America calidiore."

Range: British America to Tennessee and New Mexico; also in Mexico.
New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Winsors Ranch. Damp ground, in the
Transition Zone.

9. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888.
Agrostis racemosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 53. 1803.

Polypogon glomcratus Willd. Enum. PI. S7. 1809.

Muhlenbergia glomcrata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 191. 1824.

Type locality: "Habitat in ripis sabulosis inundatis fluminis Mississippi."

Range: British America to New Mexico, Missouri, and New Jersey.

New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Dulee; Las Vegas; Pecos; Raton Mountains; Sandia
Mountains; Mangas Springs; Animas Creek; Mesilla Valley; Little Creek; Gilmores
Ranch. Damp woods, Lower Sonoran to Transition Zone.

10. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 83. 1881.
Vaseya comala Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 79. 1863.

Type locality: " Plains of Nebraska."
Range: California to Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Winsors Ranch (Standley 4359). Open slopes, in the Transition
Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 71

11. Muhlenbergia squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 531. 1909.
Vilfa squarrosa Trin. Mom. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 3 1 : 100. 1840.
Type locality: North America.

Range: British America to California and Mexico.

New Mexico: Tumtrha Mountains; Chama; Ensenada; Sandia Mountains; Rio
Pueblo; Pecos; Grants Station. Transition Zone.

12. Muhlenbergia lemmoni Scribn. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 56. 1890.
Type locality: Ballinger, Runnels County, Texas.

Range: Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains (Wootori). Hillsides.

13. Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey; Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 409. 1885.
Type locality: "New Mexico."

Range: Colorado to Mexico.

New Mexico: Baldy; Johnsons Mesa; Trout Springs; El Rito Creek; Las Vegas;
near Datil; near La Jara; Kingston; Winter Folly. Damp mountain slopes, in the
Transition Zone.

14. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 599. L905.
Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Arner. 2: 238. 1839.

Type localitv: " l'.anks of the Saskatchawan, near the Rocky Mountains."'
Range: British America to New Mexico and Missouri.

New Mexico: Pecos; Cross L Ranch; Kingston. Open slopes, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

15. Muhlenbergia thurberi (Scribn.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 601. 1905.
Sporobolus thurberi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 48. 1898.
Type locality: Plaza Larga, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow.
Range: Colorado to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Plaza Larga; Carrizo Mountains; Eagle Creek. Dry hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

16. Muhlenbergia repens (Presl) Hitchc. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 111. 1912.

Aiake.io grass.
S2>orobolus repens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 241. 1830.
Vilfa UtUisTotr. V. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: :',(;:,. 1857.
Sporobolus uiilis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Hull. 17: 171. 1899.
Muhlenbergia utUis Rydb.; Wbot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81:

71. 1912.
Type i ocaltty: Mexico.
Range: Western Texas to southern California.

o: Kingston; Mangas Springs; Salinas; Tularosa; Fori Bayard; Thorn-
ton; Raton Mountains; Deming; Mesilla Valley. Plains and low hills, in the Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

Aparejo grass receives its name from its w^c by the Mexicans in packing their
"aparejos" or pads which ace a substitute for pack saddles. It is a rather aj gre siva
weed in the lower Rio < rrande Valley, crowding out grasses and other plants.

17. Muhlenbergia txifida II., ok. Report. Nov. Sp. Fedde 8: 518. 1910.
'I' i pe i '" u 1 1 1 : Michoacan, Mexico.

Range: Western Texas and Colorado to California and Mexico.

'■ too Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Johnsons Mesa; Raton Moun-
. Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Grants Station; MogoUon Mountains; Black
Burro Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; White Mountains.
Op d hills and in canyons, in the Upper Sonoran and Tranaiti

72 CONTRIBUTIONS PEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

18. Muhlenbergia virescens (H. B. K.) Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 64. 1829.
Podosaemum virescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 132. 1816.

Type locality: "Crescit locis asperis, exeelsis regni Mexicani prope Santa Rosa
de la Sierra et Puerto de Varientos, alt. 1350 hexap."

Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico.

New Mexico: Northwestern New Mexico (Palmer); Ben More (Bigelow). Moun-
tains, in the Transition Zone.

19. Muhlenbergia affinis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6 2 : 301. 1845.
Muhlenbergia metcalfi, Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 12. 1912.

Type locality: "Toluco," Mexico.

Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Santa Rita Mountain; Fort Bayard; Filmore Canyon; Mangas
Springs; near Silver City. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The type of M. metcalfi (metcalfei?) is Metcalfe's 1485, from Santa Rita Mountain.

20. Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 40. 1885.
Muhlenbergia gracilis breviaristata Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid.

6: 284. 1874.
Type locality: Twin Lakes, Colorado.
Range: Wyoming to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Northern New Mexico (George Vasey). Mountains, in the Transition
Zone.

21. Muhlenbergia acuminata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886.

Type locality: "New Mexico." Type collected by Wright (no. 1993).
Range: Western Texas to Arizona.

New Mexico : Kingston; Mangas Springs; Filmore Canyon. Dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

22. Muhlenbergia monticola Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1863.
Muhlenbergia neomexicana Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886.
Muhlenbergia pringlei Scribn. Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14: 25. 1894.

Type locality: "Northwestern Texas."

Range: Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Albuquerque; Watrous; Grant;
Mangas Springs; Kingston; Reserve; Dog Spring; Socorro; Organ Mountains; Dona
Ana Mountains; White Mountains. Dry slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The type of M. neomexicana was collected in New Mexico.

27. ORYZOPSIS Michx.

Slender perennials with flat or involute leaves and loosely flowered, spreading or
narrow panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite; rachilla jointed above the
glumes and not produced behind the palea, usually extended below the lemma
into a short obtuse callus; glumes nearly equal, obtuse or acuminate; lemma a little
shorter than the glumes, rather broad, cartilaginous, terminated by a slender deciduous
awn; grain free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lemmas covered with long silky hairs, these much exceeding them

in length 1 . . hymenioides.

Lemmas glabrous or short-pubescent.

Leaves slender, involute; spikelets small, 2.5 to 4 mm. long. . 2. 0. micrantha.

Leaves broad and flat; spikelets large, 6 to 8 mm. long 3. 0. asperifotia.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 73

1. Oryzopsis hymenioides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11:

109. 1906. Sand bunchgrass.

Stipa hymenioides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 339. 1817.

Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. Gen. PI. 1: 40. 1818.

Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth.; Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rep. 63: 23. 1883.

Type locality: "Ad litora fluvii Missouri."

Range: Washington and Alberta to Nebraska and Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo and Tunitcha mountains; Farmington; Tierra Amarilla-
Santa Fe; Canjilon; Ramah; Zuni; Pecos; Torrance; Albuquerque; Reserve; Mesilla;
White Sands. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The seeds of this grass were formerly gathered and used for food by the Zuni. The
ground seeds were eaten alone, or mixed with corn meal and made into dumplings.

2. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 78. 1863.
Urachne micrayitha Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sri. Nat. 5': 16. 1842.
Type locality: North America.

Range: Montana and Saskatchewan to Nebraska, Arizona, and Mexico.

New Mexico: Raton; Sierra Grande; Tierra Amarilla; Manguitas Spring; Canjilon;
Coolidge; Glorieta; Raton Mountains; Santa Fe; Pecos. Dry hills and plains, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 51. 1803. Mountain rice.
Urachne asperifolia Trin. Gram. Unifl. 1: 174. 1824.

Type locality: "Hab. a sinu Hudsonis ad Quebec, per tractus montium."
Range: British America to New Mexico and Pennsylvania.

New Mexico: Winsor Creek (Standley 4206). Deep woods, in the Canadian and
Hudsonian zones.

28. PHLEUM L. Timothy.

Perennials with simple erect culms, flat leaves, and dense, terminal, cylindrical or
oblong, spikelike panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes,
not prolonged beyond the floret; glumes 2, compressed-carinate, equal, usually filiate
on the keels, abruptly mucronate or shortly awn-pointed; lemma shorter than the
glumes, thin, truncate, awnless, rather loosely inclosing the grain; stamens 3; styles
distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikes elongate-cylindrie; awns less than half as long as the glumes. . . 1. /'. pratense.
Spikes short, (i void or oblong; awns about half as long as the glumes.. 2. /'. alpinum.

1. Phleum pratense L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. Timothy.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae versuria <k pratis."

Range: Fields and meadows nearly throughout North America, introduced from
Europe and often cultivated for hay; also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Chama; Raton; Cedar Hill; Fort Bayard; Santa Fe; Ruido o I reek;
Gilmoree Ranch.

2. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. MOUNTAIN timothy.
Type locale ■> " llaliii.it in Alpibus."

Range: Alaska and Britiah America to California, Arizona, and Now Bampahire;
al " in Europe and Smith Amerira

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; < hama; Santa Fe and las Vegas mountains.
Meadows, Canadian t" Arctic-Alpine Zone.

29. ALOPECURUS L. Mabbb TOXTAE

Vnnuale or perennials with erecl or ascending culms flat leav( . and densel)
flowered cylindrical spikelike terminal panicl< . pikelet i flowered, strongly Bat-
tened; rachilla jointed below the glum< b; glumes equal, awnle - more or leas i Lliate,

74 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

especially along the keel, usually connate at the base; lemma obtuse, hyaline, usually
awned on the back, the margins connate near the base, forming a short tube; palea
none; stamens 3; styles usually distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikelets about 3 mm. long; lemma shorter than the glumes 1. A. aristulatus.

Spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long; lemma longer than the glumes 2. A. agrestis.

1. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:43. 1803.
Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus Torr. Fl. North & Mid. U. S. 1: 97. 1824.
Type locality: "Hab. in paludosis Canadae."

Range: British America to California, New Mexico, and Florida.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Chama; Ramah; Gallo Spring;
Taos; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Rio Mimbres; White
and Sacramento mountains. Wet soil, often about the edge of water, in the Transi-
tion Zone.

2. Alopecurus agrestis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 89. 1762. Slender foxtail.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa australi."

Range: Native of Europe and Asia; introduced in many places in the United
States.
New Mexico: Agricultural College (Cockerel!).

30. EPICAMPES Presl.

Tall perennials with very long spikelike many-flowered panicles; spikelets small,
1-flowered; glumes membranaceous, slightly unequal, convex on the back, carinate,
often finely 3-nerved; lemmas 3-nerved, obtuse or emarginate, a little shorter than
or about equaling the glumes, tipped with a slender, usually short awn; stamens 3;
styles short, distinct; grain included within the lemmas, free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Inflorescence spikelike 1. E. rigens.

Inflorescence paniculate 2. E. stricta.

1. Epicampes rigens Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 88. 1881.
Type locality: California.

Range: Western Texas to Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Berendo Creek; Mogollon Creek; Mangas Springs; Deming. Dry
hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Epicampes stricta Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 235. pi. 39. 1830.
Type locality: Mexico.

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Crawfords Ranch; Silver City; near White
Water; Socorro; Organ Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

31. BLEPHARONEURON Nash.

Tufted perennial with flat leaves and loosely flowered open panicles; spikelets
1-flowered; glumes 1-nerved, glabrous, the second about as long as the lemma, this
3-nerved, the nerves densely pilose for nearly their whole length, the midnerve often
excurrent at the apex; palea as long as the lemma, 2-nerved, densely pilose between
the nerves; stamens 3; styles 2, distinct.

1. Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 88. 1898.
Vilfa tricholepis Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856.
Sporobolus tricholepis Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 411. 1SS5.
Type locality: Sandia Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow.
Range: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and Mexico.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 75

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Coolidge; Horsethief Canyon; Albuquerque;
Johnsons Mesa; Rio Pueblo; Trout Spring; Raton Mountains; Chama; Sandia Moun-
tains; Fort Bayard; Mangas Springs; Socorro. Open slopes, in the Transition and
Canadian zones.

32. SPOROBOLTJS R. Br. Dropseed.

Annuals or perennials with small spikelets; spikelets 1-flowered, pedicellate, in
narrow or broad panicles; glumes rounded or slightly keeled, awnless, obscurely
nerved or nerveless, usually unequal; lemma equaling or exceeding the glumes, not
awned; palea as long as the lemma or longer; stamens 3; styles short, distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Panicles narrow, spikelike.

Plants tall, robust, 1 meter high, erect \. s. giganteus.

Plants low, slender, CO cm. high or less, spreading or ascend-
ing 2. S. strict us.

Panicles branched and spreading.

. Annual, 20 cm. high or less 3. S. confusus.

Perennials, usually more than 20 cm. high.

Plants with long scaly rootstocks; glumes about equal.
Panicles 8 cm. long or less; stems rigid although slen-
der 4. S. auriculatus.

Panicles 13 to 20 cm. long; stems weak, often elon-
gated 5. S. asperifolius.

Plants witlmut long scaly rootstocks; glumes very unequal.
Sheaths naked or sparingly filiate in the throat.
Plants 30 cm. high or less; spikelets long-pedi-
cellate; sheaths villous 6. S. texcinus.

Plauts more than 50 cm. high; spikelets short-
pedicellate; sheaths not villous.
Plants less than 90 cm. high; panicles open,
with comparatively few spikelets;

glumes nerved 7. S. airoides.

Plants 100 to ISO cm. high; panicles rather
narrow, with very numerous spikelel

glumes not nerved s. .S'. v/rightii.

Sheaths with a conspicuous tuft of hairs in the throat.
Sheaths pubescent; leaf blades divergent; pani-
cles 8 cm. long or less; plants not nil .re than

30 cm. high, slender it. S. )i<iil/<ui.

Sheaths almost it quite glabrous; leaf blades aol
divergent; panicles 15 to 30 cm. long or

mure; plant mostly (ill cm. high or more.

stout.
Panicles exserted, spreading, sometimes
somewhat nodding, the lower branches

about as long as the upper ones 12. 8.JL cuo

Panicle mo I ly included in the sheaths,
ran-l, ii at all spreading, the lower
branches longer than the upper.
Lemmas about equaling the glumi

acute to obtuse, less than 2 nun.

long 10. S. eryptandrui.

I .. mma i mu< h longer than glumes, long

.e mi. in. il-. . l"i. nun. I'll" II

76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Sporobolus giganteus Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 88. 1898.

Sandhill dropseed.

Sporobolus cryptandrus giganteus Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 11. 1912.

Type locality: On the White Sands, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton
(no. 394).

Range: Southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Gila Hot Springs; Socorro; Sabinal; Mesilla Valley; White Sands;
south of Carrizozo; Arroyo Ranch. Sandhills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

2. Sporobolus strictus (Scribn.) Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32: 6. -

1901.
Sporobolus cryptandrus strictus Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 9: 103. 1882.
Type locality: Banks of the Rillita, near Camp Lowell, Arizona.
Range: Colorado to Arizona and Mexico.

New Mexico: Throughout the State except in the southeastern corner. Dry hills
and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

3. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Yasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 293. 1888.
Vilfa confusa Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 101. 1881.

Type locality: "In devexis arenosis montis ignivpmi Jorullo," Mexico.

Range: Washington to Texas and Mexico.

New Mexico: Ensenada; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Mogollon Moun-
tains; Mangas Springs; Black Range; San Luis Mountains; Animas Valley; Tortu-
gas Mountain; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the
Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

4. Sporobolus auriculatus Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 64. 1892.
Type locality: Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Albuquerque; Cross L Ranch; Farmington; Chama; Deming;
Socorro; Carrizozo; White Sands; Chosa Springs; Lake Arthur; Hope; Roswell; Dona
Ana Mountains. Plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

5. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Mey.) Thurber in S. Wats. Bot, Calif. 2: 269.

1880.

Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Mey. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 4 1 : 95. 1840.

Type locality: "Chile; Rio Mayno; Copiapo."

Range: British America to California, New Mexico, and Missouri; also in South
America.

New Mexico: Albuquerque; Carrizo Mountains; Cedar Hill; Dulce; Pecos; Ala-
millo; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; White Sands; Dona Ana
Mountains. Valleys and plains, often in alkaline soil, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

6. Sporobolus texanus Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 57. 1890.
Type locality: Screw Bean, Presidio County, Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carlsbad; along the Pecos near Roswell. Dry plains.

7. Sporobolus airoides Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 7 3 : 21. 1856.

BuNCHGRASS.

Agrostis airoides Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824.

Type locality: "On the branches of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains,"
Colorado.

Range: Washington and Nebraska to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Aztec; McCarthys Station; Santa Fe; Ojo
Caliente; Algodones; Belen; Zuni; Socorro; Cliff; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley;
White Sands. Open plains and dry slopes, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 77

One of the important range grasses of the State, on the plains. It is able to endure
considerable amounts of alkali.

8. Sporobolus wrightii Munro; Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 9: 103. 1882. Sacaton.
Type locality: Near Pantano, Arizona.

Range: Western Texas to southern Colorado and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro; Fort Bayard; Dog Spring; Deming; Mangas Springs; Gila
Hot Springs; Las Vegas; Buchanan; Carrizozo; Carlsbad. Dry hills and plains, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

An important range grass. Both this and the preceding are often cut for hay.

9. Sporobolus nealleyi Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 49. 1888, name only; Contr.

U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 57. 1890. Nealley's dropseed.

Type locality: Brazos Santiago, Texas.

Range: Western Texas to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Pecoe; near Suwanee; Las Cruces; White Sands; Round Mountain;
plains 35 miles south of Torrance; Roswell. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

10. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 576. 1848.
Agrostis cryptandrus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824.
Type locality: " On the Canadian River," Colorado?
Range: Washington and Maine to Arizona and Texas.

New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Plains and dry slopes, in the Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

11. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth, Enum. PL 1: 210. 1833.
Agrostis asper Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 52. 1803.

Type locality: "Habitat in collibus rupibusque regionis Illinoensis."
Range: Minnesota and Nebraska to New England, south to Texas and Florida.
New Mexico: Pecos (Standley 5313). Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

12. Sporobolus fiexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 601. 1905.
Sporobolus cryptandrus fiexuosus Thurb. Contr. U, S. Nat. Herb. 3: 62. 1892.
Type locality: "Dry western plains, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona to Texan."
Range: Nevada to Texas and Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Socorro; Albuquerque; Deming;
TortuiMH Mountain; White Sands; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains. Sandy soil, in
the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

33. POLYPOGON Desf. Beardgrass.

Mostly annuals with decumbent or erect Btems, flat leaves, and densely (lowered
terminal panicles; spikelets 1-llowered, hermapln-odiio; glumes nearly equal, usually
broader above, entire or 2-lobed, nv. ned; lemma much smaller than the glumes, thin,
hyaline, entire, emarginate, or bifid, awned, the awn slender, straight, or geniculate
and twisted below; stamens 1 to ;*>; styles short, distinct ; stigmas plumose; grain tree.

KEY TO THK 8PBCT] S

Glumes notched at the apex; awns very long, concealing the

spikelets 1. /'. monapeKentis.

Glumes attenuate at the apex; awns short, ool concealing the

spikelets 2. P. littoroH$.

1. Polypogon monspeliensis ( \..) Desf. Fl. Allan). 1:67. 1800.
Alopecwnu monapelienais l< Sp. PI. til. l'» ■'..
Tvi'i: locaj my: " Habitat Monspelii."

78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Range: British America to Mexico; also in Europe.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Sandia Mountains; Albuquerque; Socorro;
Kingston; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; Fort Bayard; Alamogordo. In wet ground,
in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. Polypogon littoralis (With.) J. E. Smith, Comp. Fl. Brit. ed. 2. 13. 1816.

Agrostis littoralis With. Bot. Arr. Veg. Brit. ed. 3. 2: 129. 1796.

Type locality: "Wells, on the Norfolk coast," England.

Range: British America to California and New Mexico and the Gulf Coast; also
in the Old World.

New Mexico: Berendo Creek; Albuquerque; Alamogordo; Carrizo Mountains.
Wet ground.

34. CINNA L. Wood reed grass.

Tall perennials with numerous flat leaves and with many-flowered nodding panicles;
spikelets 1-flowered ; rachilla jointed below the glumes as well as above them, produced
below the floret into a short smooth stipe and usually extending behind the palea as a
slender naked bristle; lemmas similar to the glumes, 3-nerved, obtuse, usually with
a very short sub terminal awn; palea apparently 1-nerved, keeled; stamen 1; styles
short, distinct; grain free.

1. Cinna latifolia (Trevir.) Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435. 1853.
Agrostis latifolia Trevir.; Gopp. Beschr. Bot. Gart. Breslau 82. 1830.
Cinna pendula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 4 1 : 280. 1841.
Type locality: Not ascertained.

Range: Alaska and British America to Oregon, New Mexico, and North Carolina.
New Mexico: Sandia Mountains (Woolon). Transition Zone.

35. AGROSTIS L.

Annuals or usually perennials with small spikelets in open paiucles; spikelets
1-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, not produced beyond the floret; glumes
equal or nearly so, acute, longer than the floret; lemma rather broad, less firm than
the glumes, usually obtuse, awnless or with a slender dorsal awn; palea hyaline, much
shorter than the lemma or wanting; stamens 3; grain inclosed in the lemma but free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Panicles dense or very narrow.

Culms decumbent at the base, with long creeping stolons rooting

at the nodes; panicles short and thick 1. A. stolonifera.

Culms erect, without stolons; panicles long and narrow 2. A. exarata.

Panicles loose and spreading.

Branches of the panicle 7 to 10 cm. long 3. A. hiemalis.

Branches of the panicle 4 to 6 cm. long.

Palea minute and inconspicuous 4. A. idahoensis.

Palea half as long as the lemma.

Lemma usually not awned; branches of the panicle

ascending 5. A. alba.

Lemma with an awn of about the same length ; branches

of the panicle spreading or reflexed 6. A. rosei.

1. Agrostis stolonifera L. Sp. PI. 62. 1753. Water bentgrass.

Agrostis verticillata Vill. Prosp. PI. Dauph. 16. 1779.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa."

Range: California and Texas to Mexico; also in South America, Europe, and Asia.
New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Sandia Mountains; Santa Fe; Las

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 79

Vegas Hot Springs; Burro Mountains; Socorro; Fort Bayard; Berendo Creek; Rincon;
Cloverdale; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; Malones Ranch; Roswell. Wet ground
and borders of streams, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. Agrostis exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."

Range: Alaska and British America to Mexico; also in Siberia.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Rarnah; Winsor Creek; Pecos; Rio Pueblo;
Las Vegas; Cross L Ranch; Fort Bayard; Rio Mimbres; Chiz; Lower Plaza; Deming;
Santa Fe; Burro Mountains; Organ Mountains; Gilmores Ranch. Wet ground, in the
Transition Zone.

3. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888. Hair grass.
Cornucopitn hiemalis Walt. Fl. Carol. 73. 1788.

Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. PL 1:370. 1799.

Type locality: Carolina.

Range: Throughout most of North America.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia
Mountains; Grants Station; Inscription Rock; Mogollon Mountains; Mimbres River;
White and Sacramento mountains. Meadows and woods, in the Transition and
Canadian zones.

4. Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 42. 1897.
Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 21. 1883, not Sibth. 17'.) I.
Type locality: Forest, Nez Perces County, Idaho.

Range: Washington ami Montana to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: EI Rito Creek ( Wooton 2989). Damp woods, in the Transition Zone.

5. Agrostis alba L. Sp. PL 63. 1753. Redtop.
Type locality: ''Habitat in Europae nemoribus."

Range: British America, southward t < > Mexico.

New Mexico: El Rito Creek; Santa Fe; Albuquerque; Zuni Reservation; Indian
Greek; Farmington; Cedar Hill; Fort Bayard; Animas Creek; White Mountains. Wet
meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

6. Agrostis rosei Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24: 21. 1901.
Type locality: Sierra Madre, Zacatecas, Mexico.

Range: Southwestern New Mexico to central Mexico.
New .Mexico: Cloverdale (Mearns 462).

36. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reed bentgrj

Tall perennials with small spikeletc in many-flowered terminal panicles; spikelets
L-flowered; rachilla produced above the floret into a short, usually hairy pedicel or
bristle; glumes marly equal, awnless, usually exceeding the lemma; lemma snr-
rounded al the base by numerous hairs, these sometimes equaling or exceeding it in
Length, awned on the hack usually from below the middle; palea more than half
the length of the lemma, faintly 2-nerved; stamens '■">; styles distinct ; grain inclo * I
by the lemma ami pah a and mere or less adherent.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Panicles "pen, tin- lower branches spreading or drooping; spikeleta

greenish I. C§ canatb

Panicles den e, the branches erect or ascending; Bpikelets strongly

tinged with purple - C. l<:<i" ; '

80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 15. 1812.
Arundo canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 1803.

Type locality: Canada.

Range: British America to Oregon, New Mexico, Ohio, and New Jersey.
New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek; Winsor Creek. Wet ground, in the Transition
and Canadian zones.

2. Calamagrostis hyperborea americana Vasey; Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.

Agrost. Bull. 11:41. 1898.
Deyeuxia neglecta americana Vasey; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 4: 206. 1888.
Type locality: Donald, Columbia Valley, British Columbia.
Range: British America to Oregon, New Mexico, and Vermont.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Harveys Upper Ranch. Damp woods, in the
Canadian Zone.

37. CALAMOVILFA Scribn. Sand grass.

Rather tall rigid perennials with loosely spreading panicles; spikelets 1-flowered;
rachilla jointed above the glumes but not prolonged beyond the floret, the callus
densely bearded; glumes laterally compressed, keeled, chartaceous, awnless, unequal,
acute; lemma 1-nerved, acute; stamens 3; styles distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Panicle branches erect; spikelets about 6 mm. long 1. C. longifolia.

Panicle branches spreading; spikelets 8 mm. long 2. C. gigantea.

1. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. True Grasses 113. 1890.
Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 241. 1840.
Type locality: "Saskatchawan."

Range: British America to New Mexico and Indiana.

New Mexico: Near Texline (Griffiths 5650). Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Men. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Circ. 35: 2. 1901.
Calamagrostis gigantea Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 143. 1837.
Type locality: "On the sandy banks of Great Salt river of the Arkansas."
Range: Sandy soil, Kansas to Arizona.
New Mexico: A single specimen seen, without definite locality.

38. DANTHONIA DC. Wild oat grass.

Low cespitose perennials with simple, spreading or narrow panicles; spikelets several-
flowered, the uppermost flower imperfect or rudimentary; rachilla jointed above the
glumes; glumes 2, much exceeding the lemmas, these rounded on the back, 2-toothed
or bifid, awned between the teeth, the awn formed by an extension of the 3 middle
nerves of the lemma.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lemmas pubescent only on the margin and at the base 1. D. intermedia.

Lemmas pubescent on the back as well as on the margin.

Glumes 15 to 20 mm. long 2. D. parryi.

Glumes 10 mm. long or less 3. D. spicata.

1. Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 52. 1883.

Type locality: "California, Rocky Mountains, Plains of British America to Mount
Albert, Lower Canada."

Range: British America to California and New Mexico.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 81

New Mexico: Horsethief Canyon (Standley 4880). Meadows, in the Canadian
Zone.

2. Danthonia parryi Scribn. Bot. Gaz. 21: 133. 1896.
Type locality: Colorado.

Range: Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Grass Mountain (Standley 4371). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone.

3. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 690. 1817.
J raw spicata L. Sp. PI. 80. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."

Range: British America to New Mexico, Louisiana, and North Carolina.
New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; West Fork of the Gila. Damp woods, in the
Canadian Zone.

39. AVENA L. Oats.

Annuals or perennials with rather large spikelets variously paniculate; spikeleta 2
to 6-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, bearded below the lemmas; glumea
2, unequal, membranaceous, longer than the lemmas, these rounded on the back, 5 to
9-nerved, often bidentate at the apex, with a long dorsal twisted awn; grain pubes-
cent, at least at the apex, frequently adherent to the lemma or palea.

key to the species.

Glumes shorter than the lemmas; panicles lax, somewhat nodding;

lemmas hairy at the base 1. A. striata.

Glumes longer than the lemmas; panicles open; lemmas often hairy up

to the base of the awn 2. A.fattm.

1. Avena striata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 1803.

Type locality: "Hab. in sinu Hudsonis per tractus montium ad Canadam."

Range: British America to New Mexico and Pennsylvania.

New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek (Standley 4185). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone.

2. Avena fatua L. Sp. PI. 80. 1753. Weld oats.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae agris inter segetes."

Range: Native of Europe and Asia, widely introduced into the United Si
especially common in grain fields.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Carrizo Mountains; Dulce; Cedar Hill; Cleveland; T
Pecos; Mora.

40. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv.

Annuals or perennials with flat or convolute leaves and rather small shining spiki
in terminal or lateral, narrow or loose panicle- ; spikelets mostly 2-flowered; rachilla
hairy, jointed above the glumes and prolonged beyond the upper florel as a hairy
bristle; glumes 2, thin and scarious, acute or obtuse, nearly equal; Lemmas subhyaline,
4-nerved, truncate and mere or less regularly 2 to 4-toothed, ay. aed on the back, the
awn slender, twisted below; palea narrow, 2-nerved; grain oblong, tree.

i. i v TO THE SPECIES.

PlantB low, 20 to 40 cm. high; glumes 1mm. long; awns much lor

than the lemmas 1 . D. alpicola.

Plants tall, 60 to 100 cm.; glume : 3 to 3.5 mm. long; aw as little if al

all Longer than the lemmas 2. D. <

1. Deschampsia alpicola Rydb. Bull. Torrej Club 32:601. 1905.
Type locality: Mountain meadows. Pikes Peak, Colorado.
Range: Wyoming and I tab to northern .Ww Mea

82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Truchas Peak; El Rito Creek; Laa Vegaa Range; near the head of
the Nambe. Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone.

2. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 91, 160. 1812.

Aira cespitosa L. Sp. PI. 64. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis cultis & fertilibus."

Range: Arctic America to California, Arizona, Illinois, and New Jersey; also in
Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: North of Ramah; Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Harveys Upper
Ranch; Rio Pueblo; Spirit Lake; Silver Spring Canyon. Meadows, Transition to'
Hudsonian Zone.

41. TRISETUM Pers. False oats.

Cespitose perennials or rarely annuals, with flat leaves and dense, spikelike or
narrow, loose panicles; spikelets 2-(rarely 3 to 5-)flowered; rachilla hairy or naked,
jointed above the glumes and between the florets, produced beyond the upper flower
as a usually hairy bristle; glumes 2, awnless, carinate, unequal, usually longer than
the lemmas; lemmas subhyaline, carinate, cleft or 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth
sometimes produced into slender awns, awned between or a little below the teeth;
awns twisted and usually geniculate; palea narrow, 2-toothed; grain smooth, free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Panicles slender, interrupted; plants slender 1. T. interruptum.

Panicles dense and crowded, not interrupted; plants stout.

Leaf blades and sheaths long-hairy; upper part of the stem

densely pubescent 3. T. spicatu m .

Leaf blades and sheaths glabrous or the lowest sheath short-
pubescent with reflexed hairs; stems glabrous or
slightly scabrous in the inflorescence 2. T. montanum.

1. Trisetum interruptum Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 100. 1863.
Type locality: Middle Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Bishops Cap (Wooton). Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Trisetum montanum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 118. 1886.
Type locality: Not stated.

Range: Wyoming to northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Cowles; Rio Pueblo; mountains near Las Vegas;
Eagle Creek. Meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zones.

3. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. PI. Eur. 1: 59. 1890.
Aira spicata L. Sp. PI. 63. 1753.

Aira subspicata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 10. 873. 1759.

Trisetum subspkatum Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 88. 1812.

Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponiae Alpibus."

Range: Arctic America to California, New Mexico, and New Hampshire; also in
Europe.

New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak; Jemez Mountains. Meadows, in the
Arctic-Alpine Zone.

42. BULBILIS Raf. Buffalo grass.

Creeping or stoloniferous perennial with narrow flat leaves and unlike staminate
and pistillate flowers borne on the same or different plants; staminate spikelets 2 or
3-flowered, sessile in 2 rows along the short one-sided spikes, the glumes obtuse,
unequal, the lemmas larger, 3-nerved, the palea 2-nerved; stamens 3; pistillate
spikelets 1-flowered, in nearly capitate one-sided spikes scarcely exserted from the

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 83

broad aheatha of the upper leavea, the glumea 2, or the firat aometimea wanting, 3-toothed
at the apex, the lemma narrow, hyaline, entire or bifid at the apex; styles distinct;
grain free.

1. Bulbilis dactyloide3 (Nutt.) Raf.; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 763. 1891.

Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. Gen. PL 1: 65. 1S18.

Buchloe dactyloides Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 1: 432. 1859.

Type locality: "On the open grassy plains of the Missouri."

Range: North Dakota and Minnesota to Arkansas and Mexico.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Nara Visa; Raton; Santa Fe; Coolidge; Pecos; Logan;
Buchanan; Mesilla Park. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

43. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv.

Mostly tall annuals with flat leavea and elongated simple panicles composed of
numerous more or less spreading, slender spikea acattered along the main axis; spike-
lets 2 to several-flowered, sessile in 2 rows along one side of the slendi c and often
numerous branches; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these 2-keeled, awnless or
-very short-awned; lemmas carinate, 3-nerved, acute, awnless or very short-awned
or 2 or 3-toothed, mueronate or short-awned between the teeth; palea 2-keeled.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikelets 2.5 mm. long or less, broad, 2 to 4-flowered.

Sheaths pilose 1. L. filiform is.

Sheaths not pilose 2. L. nealleyi.

Spikelets 3 mm. long or more, narrow, 5 to 12-flowered.

Lemmas pubescent at the base ; annual 3. L. fast i < laris.

Lemmas glabrous; perennial 4. L. dubia.

1. Leptochloa liliformis (Lam.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 71. 1812.
Festuca fdiformis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 191. 1791.
Eleusine mucronata Michx. Fl. Bor. Ainer. 1: 65. 1803.
Leptochloa mucronata Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 91. 1835.

Type locality: "Ex Amer. Merid."

Range: Virginia and Florida to California and Mexico; also in the West Indira
and southern Asia.

New Mexico: Hillsboro; Mesilla Valley. Sandy fields, in the Lower Sonoran
Zone.

2. Leptochloa nealleyi Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 12: 7. 1885.
Type locality: Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southeastern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Carlabad (Tracy 8191). Plains. .

3. Leptochloa fascicularia (Lam.) A. Gray, Man. 588. 1848.
Festuca fasdcularis'Lzxa.. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 189. 1791.
"Festuca prot umbens Muhl. Descr. Gram. 160. 1817.
Uralepis composite Buckl. Proc. i.cad. Phila. 1862:9-1.181,::.
THplachne procumbent Nash in Britton, Man. L28. 1901.
Type LOCALITY: " E S Anier. Merid."

Range: Maryland and Florida t<> South Dakota and Mexico.
New Mexico: Sail Lake; Socorro; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; Carlsbad. Sandy
Gelds, in the I. ewer Sonoran Zone.
The type of Uralepis composita was collected in New Mexico by Woodhoui

4. Leptochloa dubia dl. B. K.i Nees, Syll. PL Ratisb. I: i. 1824. Strangle.
Chloris dubia II. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 169. L815.

Diplachm dubia Scribn. Lull. Torrey Club 10:30. '

84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type locality: "Crescit in apricis subhumidis prope rupem porphyreticam el
Penon, in convalle Mexicana, alt. 1168 hexap."

Kange: Arizona and western Texas to Florida and Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; near White Water; Dog Spring; near Silver City;
Organ Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; Carlsbad. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

44. ACAMPTOCLADOS Nash.

Tufted perennial with stiff stems, involute leaves, and a panicle of scattered, dis-
tant, widely spreading, rigid branches; spikelets scattered, singly disposed in 2 rows,
sessile, 4 to 6-flowered; glumes subequal, acuminate, the first 1-nerved, the second
usually 3-nerved; lemmas 3-nerved, acute, indurated in fruit; palea compressed, the
2 nerves ciliolate, gibbous at the base; stamens 3; styles distinct.

1. Acamptoclados sessilispicus (Buckl.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 140.
1903.
Erayroslis sessilispica Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 97. 1863.
Diplachne rigida Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12: pi. 41. 1891.
Type locality: Near Austin, Texas.
Range: Kansas and Texas to eastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sands south of Melrose; Nara Visa. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

45. BECKMANNIA Host. Slough grass.

Tall erect plant with flat leaves and terminal elongated inflorescence; spikelets 1
or 2-flowered, compressed, imbricated in 2 rows along one side of the rachis of the
short spikes; glumes narrow, boat-shaped, obtuse or abruptly pointed, nearly equal;
lemmas narrow, acute or mucronate; palea hyaline, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles short,
distinct; grain oblong, inclosed within the rigid fruiting lemma and palea, free.

1. Beckmanrda erucaeformis (L.) Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 3: 5. 1805.

Phalaris erucaeformis L. Sp. PI. 55. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Siberia, Russia, Europa austral i."

Range: British America to California, New Mexico, and Iowa; also in Europe and
Asia.

New Mexico: Farmington; Chama; Grants Station; Zuni. In marshes and along
streams, in the Transition Zone.

46. CAPRIOLA Adans.

Low creeping perennial with short flat leaves and slender spikes digitate at the
apex of the erect branches; spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, sessile in 2 rows along one
side of a slender continuous axis, forming unilateral spikes; glumes narrow, keeled,
usually acute; lemma broader, usually slight!)' longer than the glumes, obtuse, pilose
on the keel and margins; palea about the length of the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3;
styles distinct; grain free.

1. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 764. 1891. Bermuda grass.

Panicum dactylon L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753.

Cynodon daclylon Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 85. 1805.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europa australi."

Range: Native of the Old World, widely introduced in southern North America,
often cultivated as a lawn grass.

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley.

Bermuda grass is often employed in New Mexico for lawns. It is especially valu-
able for this purpose in the southern part of the State, since it is resistant to heat and
drought. Sometimes it becomes a troublesome weed in cultivated fields.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY— FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 85

47. SCHEDONARDTJS Steud. Texan crabgrass.

Low, diffusely branched perennial with short narrow leaves and slender paniculate
spikes; spikeleta 1-flowered, hermaphrodite, sessile, scattered along one side of the
slender rachis of the widely spreading spikes; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these
narrow, slightly unequal, membranaceous; lemmas longer than the glumes, mem-
branaceous, becoming somewhat rigid, acuminate or minutely mucronate; stamens 3;
styles distinct; grain inclosed within the rigid lemmas and palea but free.

1. Schedonardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Rep. Ark. Geol. Surv. 1888 4 : 236. 1891.

Leptwus paniculatus Xutt. Gen. PL 1: 81. 1818.

Schedonardus lexamis Steud. Syn. PL Glum. 1: 146. 1855.

Type locality: "On dry saline plains, near Fort Mandan, on the Missouri."

Range: Manitoba and Saskatchewan to New Mexico and Texas.

New Mexico: From the Mogollon and White Mountains northward and eastward
throughout the State. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

48. BOTJTELOUA Lag. Grama grass.

Low annuals or perennials, with narrow, flat or convolute leaves and few or manv
unilateral spikelets nearly sessile along a common rachis; spikelets 1 or 2-flowered,
numerous, crowded and closely sessile in 2 rows along one side of a continuous flattened
rachis, this usually projecting beyond the spikelets; rachilla articulated above the
glumes, the continuation beyond the hermaphrodite floret usually bearing a few
rudimentary glumes and 3 awns; glumes unequal, the lower smaller, keeled; lemma
broader, 3-nerved, 3 to 5-toothed or cleft; palea 2-nerved and 2-toothed; grain free.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikes numerous, 5 to 60; spikelets few, usually less than 12.

Spikes 30 to 60, each with 4 to 10 spikelets 1 . B . curtipi ndula.

Spikes 5 to 11, each with 3 to 6 spikelets 2. B. radicosa.

Spikes few, 1 to 6; spikelets numerous, 25 or more.
Annuals.

Spikes solitary; plants low, tufted 3. B. procumbens.

Spikes more than one ; plants various.

Spikelets closely appressed to the rachis, forming a

cylindrical spike 4. B. aristidoides.

Spikelets crowded on one side of the rachis, making it
one-sided.

Plants 30 cm. high or more, the stems erect 5. B. parryi.

Plants 10 to 15 cm. high, the stems spreading. . (i. B. barbata.
Perennials.

Spikes loose, more or less cylindric; lower part of stems

densely woolly 7. B. eriopoda.

Spikes with more numerous crowded spikelets, one-
sided; stems not woolly.

Glumes smooth or slightb roughened 8. B.breviuta.

Glumes stiff-hairy.

Spikes 3 to 5, short and broad; rachis extended

much beyond the spike !'. B. hirnUa.

Spikes I to 3, mostly 2, lon^ and narrow; rachis

1 1 ut Blightly extended L0 B grm Hit.

1. Bouteloua cui'tipendula (Miclix. i Turr in I mory, Mil. Reconn L54 I

Taj i ei: wi a.
Chloria eurtipenduh Biichx. Fl. Bor. Ajner. 1: 59 L803.
leloua racemoaa Lag. Vax. Cienc. S 4 : in. L806.

86 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Atheropogon curtipendulus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 138. 1881.

Type locality: "Hab. in aridis regionis Illinoeusis ad Wabast et in rupibus ad
prairie du rocker."

Range: British America to New Jersey, California, and Mexico.

New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Plains and hillsides, in the Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones. An important range grass in some parts of the State.

2. Bouteloua radicosa (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 411. 1912.
Dinebra bromoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:172. pi. 51. 1816, not Bouteloua

bromoides Lag. 1816.
Atheropogon radicosus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 140. 1881.
Type locality: Mexico.

Range: California and New Mexico to Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Mogollon Creek. Dry hills, in
the Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Bouteloua procumbens (Durand) Griffiths, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 3C4.

1912. Six-weeks grama.

Chloris procumbens Durand, Chlor. Sp. 1808.

Bouteloua prostrata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 5. 1816.

Bouteloua pusilla Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 6. 1884.

Type locality: Not ascertained.

Range: Colorado and Arizona to Mexico.

New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Tierra Amarilla; Chama; Santa Fe; El Rito Creek;
Ensenada; Las Vegas; Grants; Pecos; Roy; Kingston; West Fork of the Gila; White
Mountains. Sandy soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The type of B. pusilla was collected at Kingman by G. R. Vasey, in 1881.

4. Bouteloua aristidoides (H. B. K.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 537. 1864.

Six-weeks grama.
Dinebra aristidoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 171. 1816.
Triatkera aristidoides Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 137. 1903.
Type locality: "Crescit in asperis frigidis convallis Tolucensis, alt. 1320 hexap."
Range: California and western Texas to Mexico and South America.
New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Deming; Socorro; Dog Spring; Organ Mountains;
Las Cruces. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

5. Bouteloua parryi (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 381. 1912.

Sandhill grama.
Chondrosium parryi Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 150. 1881.

Bouteloua polystachya vestita S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 177. 1883.
Bouteloua vestita Scribn. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 531. 1894.
Type locality: Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico.

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; mesa west of Organ Mountains; Jarilla Junction.
Mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

6. Bouteloua barbata Lag. Var. Ciena 2 4 : 141. 1805. Six-weeks grama.
Chondrosium polystachyum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 56. 1844.

Bouteloua polystachya Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5 2 : 366. 1857.

Type locality: Described from cultivated plants.

Range: Calif ornia and Utah to Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; San Juan Valley; Chama River; Albuquerque;
Socorro; Mangas Springs; Santa Rita; Deming; Black Range; Dog Spring; Mesilla
Valley; Organ Mountains; White Sands; Pecos Valley. Sandy fields and mesas, in
the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

WOOTOJST AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 87

7. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856.

Black grama.
Chondrosium eriopodum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848.
Type locality: Along the Rio Grande, New Mexico. Type collected by Emory.
Range : Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Common throughout the State except in the extreme northeast.
Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.
This is one of the most valuable range grasses in the southern part of New Mexico.

8. Bouteloua breviseta Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 58. 1890.
Type locality: Screw Bean, Presidio County, Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: White Sands; Lakewood; Carlsbad. Dry plains, in the Lower Sono-
ran Zone.

9. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Var. Cienc. 2 4 : 141. 1805. Hairy grama.
Chondrosium hirtum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 176. pi. 59. 1816.
Chondrosium foeneum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. pi. 12. 1848.

Type locality: Described from cultivated plants.

Range: Colorado and Nebraska to Mexico and Florida.

New Mexico: Pecos; Clayton; Nara Visa; Silver City; Socorro; Torrance; Organ
Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; Leachs; Buchanan. Dry hills, in the Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

The type of Chondrosium foeneum was collected by Emory along the Rio Grande

10. Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) Lag.; Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 219. 1840.

Blue grama.

Chondrosium gracile H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 176. pi. 58. 1816.

Aiheropogon oligostachyum Nutt. Gen. PI. 1: 178. 1818.

Bouteloua oliyostachy a Torr.; A.Gray, Man. ed. 2. 553. 1853.

Type locality: "Crescit in crepidinibus et devexis montis porphyritici La Buffa
de Guanaxuato Mexicanorum, alt. 1270 hexap."

Range: British America to California, Missouri, and Mexico.

New Mexico: Common throughout the State except at lower levels. Meadows
and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

Blue grama is undoubtedly the most valuable forage plant of New Mexico. It
occurs generally on the higher plains and lower mountains at altitudes of from 1,800
to 2,400 meters, often forming nearly pure stands. When not molested it become
knee-high, and a huge field in such a condition is a beautiful Bight because <<i the
myriads of purple spikes. The grass is resistant to overgrazing and i- able to Bpread
rapidly "u lien not too closely grazed.

This has generally been known as Bouteloua oligostachya , a name which, unfortu-
nately, lacks priority.

49. CHLORIS Swartz.

Mostly perennials with Hat leaves and rather showy inflorescence of 2 to mans
digitate spik< ; spikelets I -dowered, awned, sessile in 2 rows along one .-id <■ of a con-
tinuous rachis, forming unilateral spikes; rachilla jointed above the glumes and pro-
duced beyond the palea, hearing l or more empty rudimentary aw aed glumes; glumes
unequal, lanceolate, acute, somewhal keeled; lemma narrow or broad, I toS-nerved,
acute- to truncate or emarginate or 2-lobed, often filiate on the hack or margins, the
middle nerve usually prolonged into an awn; grain free.

88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikes slender, naked or interrupted at the base; panicle of more

than a single verticel of spikes 1 . C. verticillata.

Spikes stout, spikelet-bearing to the base; panicle of a single ter-
minal verticel of spikes.
Lemma conspicuously hairy, long-villous on the nerves and

margins 2. C. elegans.

Lemma not conspicuously hairy, the pubescence very short or
none.

Lemma 3-nerved, obovate-cuneate, the apex rounded 3. C. brevisjAca.

Lemma 7-nerved, broadly triangular, very shortly awned. . 4. C. cucullata.

1. Chloris verticillata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. set. 5: 150. 1837.
Type locality: "On the sandy banks of the Arkansas, near Fort Smith."
Range: Kansas and Texas to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Pecos; Clayton; Redlands; Socorro; Nambe Valley. Dry plains
and hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Chloris elegans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 165. 1816.
Type locality: " Inter Mexico et Queretaro."

Range: Texas and Arizona to Mexico.

New Mexico: Common from Silver City, Socorro, and Roswell southward. Plains
and river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.
Often a troublesome weed in alfalfa fields.

3. Chloris brevispica Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 438. 1898.
Type locality: Nueces County, Texas.

Range: Western Texas to southeastern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Roswell (Griffiths 5710, 5746). Sandy soil.

4. Chloris cucullata Bisch. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 19: 357. 1853.

Crowfoot grama.
Type locality: "Hab. Mexico boreali. Semina in provincia Tamaulipas prope
Matamoros lecta absque nomine misit Dr. Engelmann, 1849."
Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico.
New Mexico: Roswell; Carlsbad. Plains.

50. TRICHLORIS Fourn.

Elect perennials with flat leaves and with many slender spikes digitate or closely
approximate at the apex of the culm, forming dense oblong panicles; spikeleta 1 to
3-flowered, hermaphrodite, sessile in 2 series along the continuous rachis of the uni-
lateral spikes; rachilla articulated above the glumes and prolonged above the hermaph-
rodite flowers, terminating in an awned rudimentary floret; glumes unequal, 1-nerved,
membranaceous, the second short-awned; lemmas membranaceous, 3-nerved, 3-awned,
the awns erect, subequal or the lateral ones much shorter; palea hyaline, 2-keeled;
stamens 3; styles distinct; grain narrow, oblong, free.

1. Trichloris fasciculata Fourn.; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 102. 1881.
Type locality: Not stated.

Range: Western Texas to New Mexico and Mexico.
New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Sandy mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

51. PAPPOPHORUM Schreb.

Cespitose perennial with narrow, usually convolute leaves and spikelike panicles;
spikelets 1 or 2-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these persistent, mem-
branaceous, acute, carinate, nerveless, or with 1 to 3 nerves on each side; lemmas

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 89

broad at the base, subcoriaceous, obscurely many-nerved, unequally divided into 9
to 23 awnlike lobes; palea rather broad, 2-keeled near the margins.

1. Pappophorum wrightii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 178. 1883.

Type locality: Western Texas or southern New Mexico.

Range: Western Texas and southern Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Kingston; Cerrillos; Socorro; Dog Spring; Las
Cruces; Organ Mountains; Carrizozo. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran
zones.

52. SCXEROPOGON Phil. False needle grass.

Perennial, cespitose, often stoloniferous grasses with nearly simple panicles; spike-
lets unisexual, the two kinds unlike, 2 to many-flowered; staminate spikelets many-
flowered, the glumes narrow, acute, 3-nerved, awnless, unequal, the lemmas some-
times minutely 3-toothed at the apex, the palea narrow and rigid; stamens 3; pistillate
spikelets 1 to many-flowered, the glumes persistent, very unequal, the lemmas rigid,
narrow, the 3 nerves produced into very long slender divergent twisted awns; styles
distinct, elongated; grain free, narrow, elongated.

1. Scleropogon brevifolius Phil. Anal. Univ. Chile 34: 205. 1870.

Type locality: Chile.

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico and South America.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Hillsboro; Albuquerque; Socorro; Tucumcari"
Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains; Deming; Carrizozo; White Mountains; Pecos
Valley. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

Very common on the mesas of southern New Mexico and of considerable importance
as a range grass.

53. PHRAGMITES Trin. Carrizo.

Tall reedlike perennial with stout leafy culms and large terminal panicles; spike-
lets loosely 3 to 7-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets
clothed with long silky hairs; lowest floret staminate or neutral, the others fertile;
glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the florets; lemmas glabrous, very
narrow, acuminate; grain free.

1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. PI. 379. 1880-3.

A hi ado phragmites L. Sp. PI. 81. 1753.

PkragmiU i communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae lacubus fluviis. "

Range: Nearly throughout the United States and in Mexico; also in Europe and
Asia.

New Mexico: Farmington; Cimarron; Canada Uamosa; Copper Mines; Mimbres
River; Mesilla Valley; Round Mountain, Roswell. In wei ground, especially in
river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

54. ARUNDO L.

Tall (2 to :'■ meters or more) perennial with Sal Leaves and ample terminal panicli i;
spikelets 2 to many-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the
florets, smooth; florets crowded, fertile, or the upper or lower staminate; glumt
i. a, row, subequal, 3-nerved, smooth, acute or acuminate, about the length of the spike-
let; lemmas membranaceous, 3-nerved, 2-toothed at the apex, mucronate between
the teeth, long-pilose on the back; (idea hyaline, 2-keeled; grain smooth, free.

1. Arundo donax L. S|>. PI. 81. L758. GlANT Bl i D

Type locality: "Habital in EUspanis Galloprovincda
Range Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico probablj aatui

ni be Old World.

90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Wet ground.

This grass, the largest of all those found in New Mexico, is frequent along ditches in
the Rio Grande Valley, where it has probably been introduced.

55. MUNROA Torr.

Low, diffusely much branched annual with short sharp-pointed leaves clustered at
the ends of the branches; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered, 3 to 5 together and nearly sessile
in the axis of the floral leaves; rachilla jointed above the glumes; glumes lanceolate,
acute, hyajine, 1-nerved; lemmas longer, 3-nerved, entire, retuse, or 3-cleft, the
midnerve or all the nerves excurrent as short mucronate points; palea hyaline,
2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct, elongated; grain inclosed within the lemma,
free.

1. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 158. 1856.

Crypsis squarrosa Nutt. Gen. PI. 1: 49. 1818.

Type locality: "On arid plains near the 'Grand Detour' of the Missouri, almost
exclusively covering thousands of acres."

Range : Alberta and South Dakota to Arizona and Texas.

New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Dry plains and low hills, in the
Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

56. DASYOCHLOA Willd.

Low, densely tufted, often creeping perennial, with very narrow, somewhat rigid
leaves and crowded spikelets in clusters of 3 to 6, equaled or exceeded by the upper
leaves; spikelets several-flowered, sessile; glumes unequal, keeled; lemmas thin,
densely hairy below, deeply bilobate, awned from between the rounded lobes; sta-
mens 3.

1. Dasyochloa pulchella (H. B. K.) Willd.; Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 484. 1840.

Triodia pulchella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 155. pi. 47. 1816.

Type locality: "In subfrigidis, siccis, apricis regni Mexicani inter Guanaxuato,
Mina de Belgrado et Cubilente, alt. 1050 hexap."

Range: Western Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Carrizo Mountains; Albuquerque; Mangas Springs;
Socorro; Tortugas Mountain; Mesilla Valley; Orogrande; Roswell. Sandy mesas, in
the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

57. ERIONEURON Nash.

Tufted perennials with thick linear leaves having white margins, and dense, con-
tracted, almost capitate panicles; spikelets several to many-flowered; glumes narrow,
acuminate; lemmas broad, 3-nerved, pubescent on the nerves below and sometimes
on the body of the lemma at the base, the apex acuminate, entire or slightly 2-toothed,
the awn terminal or arising between the minute teeth ; stamens 3 ; style short, distinct.

1. Erioneurori pilosum (Buckl.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 144. 1903.

Uralepis pilosa Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 94. 1863.

Sieglingia pilosa Nash in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 3: 504. 1898.

Type locality: "Middle Texas."

Range: Kansas and Colorado to New Mexico and Texas.

New Mexico: Farmington; Pecos; Knowles; Torrance; Buchanan; Las Vegas Hot
Springs; Cross L Ranch; Mangas Springs; Dayton; Gray; Guadalupe Mountains;
Roswell. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 91

58. TRIDENS Roem. & Schult.

Perennials with flat or involute leaves and open or contracted, sometimes spike-
like inflorescence; spikeleta 3 to many-flowered, the flowers perfect or the upper
staminate; glumes keeled, obtuse to acuminate, usually shorter than the lemma;
lemmas 3-nerved, the midnerve or all the nerves excurrent, pilose, the apex entire
or shortly 2-toothed ; palea compressed, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles short, distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lemmas not pilose on the back; glumes considerably surpassing
the lower florets; spikelets subcompressed, oblong, in a

rather dense spikelike panicle 1. T. albescm^.

Lemmas pilose on the back, at least at the base; glumes barely as
long as the lowest florets, or shorter; spikelets various.
Spikelets terete; sterile lemma not ciliate, neither lobed nor

awned 2. T. muticus.

Spikelets compressed; sterile lemma ciliate, deeply bilobate,
with an intermediate awn.
Lemmas only slightly cleft at the apex, the lobes narrow,

acute; spikelets 10 mm. long 3. T. avenaa

Lemmas cleft half their length, the lobes obtuse; spike-
lets 6 to 8 mm. long 4. T. nealleyi.

1. Tridens albescens (Vasey) Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81:

129. 1912.
Triodia albescens Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 12 2 : 33. 1891.
Sieglingia albescens Kuntze; L. H. Dewey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 538. 1894.
Rhombolytrum albescens Nash in Britton, Man. 129. 1901.
Type locality: "Texas and New Mexico."
Range: Kansas to Texas and eastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; Carlsbad; Roswell. Dry plains, in the Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

2. Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 143. 1903.
Tricuspis mutica Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 156. 1856.
Triodia mutica Benth.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 180. 1883.

Type locality: Laguna Colorado, New Mexico.
Ranch: Western Texas and eastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro; Laguna Colorado; Cross L Ranch; Tortugae Mountain;
Roswell. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

3. Tridens avenaceus (H. B. K.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Ilerl.. 17: ::".:. I'M ::.
Triodia avenacea II. B. K. Nov. den. tt Sp. 1: L56. t >l. 48. 1S10.

Triodia grandiflora Vasey, Contr. I". S. .Nat. Herb. 1:59. 1890.

Sieglingia avenacea grandiflora L. H. Dewey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Serb. 2: 538. L894.

Tridens .grandiflorus Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: L29.

I'M-'.
Type locality: "Inconvalle Mexicana inter montem Chapultepec el Penol de
lo Banes."
Ranoi Western Texas to Arizona and Bouthward.
Xi.w Mexico: Kingston {Metcalfi L334).

4. Tridens nealleyi (Vasey) Woot. & Standi. X. Mex \ gr Exp Sta Bull. 81:

129. 1912.
Triodia nealleyi Vasey, Bull. Torrey < lul> 15: 19. ii
Sieglingia nealleyi I. II. Dewey, Contr. I , B. Nat. Serb '.i- 538 L894
T . ' . locality: West* ra '!'• ■

92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain (Wooton 2018). Dry fields, in the Lower Sono-

ran zone.

59. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn.

Rather slender tufted perennials with flat leaves and narrow terminal many-flowered
panicles; spikelets 2 or 3-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between
the florets and produced above the upper floret into a slender naked bristle; glumes
slightly shorter than the florets, the first very narrow or linear and 1-nerved, the
second broadly obovate, 3-nerved, with rather broad scarious margins; lemmas obtuse;
usually awnless; palea narrow, 2-nerved; styles distinct, short; grain narrow, free.

key to the species.

Second glume not much, if at all, wider than the lemmas, obtuse or

acute 1. S. pallens.

Second glume much wider than the lemmas, rounded or truncate and
somewhat cucullate at the apex.
Intermediate nerves of the second glume faint; leaves narrow;

panicle very narrow, dense and spikelike 2. S. obtusata.

Intermediate nerves of the second glume almost as prominent as
the principal ones; leaves wide; panicle longer and
broader, loose 3. S. robusta.

1. Sphenopholis pallens (Spreng.) Scribn. Rhodora 8: 145. 1906.
Aim -pallens Spreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 36. 1807.

Koeleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117. 1813.
Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.
Type locality: Not stated.

Range: British America to New Mexico, Texas, and Georgia.

New Mexico: Mouth of Mora River; Albuquerque; Santa Fe Canyon 9 miles east
of Santa Fe. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone.

2. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Rhodora 8: 144. 1906.
Aim obtusata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 62. 1803.

Eatonia obtusata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.

Type locality: "Habitat in aridis a Carolina ad Floridam."

Range: British America to Oregon, Arizona, and Florida.

New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Albuquerque; Zuni; Socorro;
Kingston; Organ Mountains. In. wet ground, especially along ditch banks, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Sphenopholis robusta (Vasey) Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 12. 1910.
Eatonia obtusata robusta Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 190. 1895.
Eatonia robusta Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 602. 1905.

Type locality: Mullen, Nebraska.
Range: Washington and Nebraska to Arizona.

New Mexico: Rio Mimbres; Mesilla. Damp meadows, in the Lower and Upper
Sonoran zones.

60. KOELERIA Pers. June grass.

Cespitose perennials with usually flat narrow leaves and densely flowered spikelike
panicles; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered, compressed; rachilla jointed above the glumes,
these unequal, keeled, somewhat shorter than the lemmas; lemmas membranaceous,
faintly 3 to 5-nerved, obtuse, acute, or mucronate-pointed ; palea hyaline, acute,
2-nerved, about as long as the lemma; stamens 3; styles very short.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 93

1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 97. 1805.

Aim cristata L. Sp. PI. 63. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Angliae, Helve tiae siccioribus."

Range: British America to Arizona, Kansas, and Pennsylvania; also in Europe.

New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges. Open slopes and in woods, in
the Transition Zone.

61. ERAGROSTIS Beauv.

Annuals or perennials with simple or branched culms; spikelets 2 to many-flowci ed,
the uppermost floret imperfect; racbilla jointed but sometimes not disarticulating
until alter the fall of the lemmas; glumes more or less unequal, usually shorter than
the lemma; Lemmas glabrous, obtuse or acute, awnless, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves
often faint; paleas shorter than the lemmas, often persistent, 2-nerved.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Annuals.

Spikelets broad, more than 2 mm. wide 1. E. megastachya.

Spikelets narrow, 1.5 mm. wide or less.

Plants low, spreading, 30 cm. high or less; leaves nar-
row; spikelets many-flowered; plants of cultivated

fields and river valleys. , 2. E. pilosa.

Plants tall, 30 to 100 cm.; leaves broad; spikelets few-
flowered; plants usually found in the mountains.
Panicles spreading, often nearly 30 cm. long; spikelets

5 to 8 mm. long 4. /.'. rru rirana.

Panicles contracted, 10 cm. long or less; spikelets 3

to 6 mm. long 3. E. limbata.

Perennials.

Plants with rigid scaly rootstocks; leaves pungent-pointed 5. E. obtusiflora.

Plants tufted, without rootstocks; leaves not pungent-pointed.

Spikelets crowded, on very short branches 6. E. secundifom.

Spikelets irowded, on long slender branches.

Panicles narrow and elongated, the branches long
and flexuous, erect or nearly so; lateral nerves

of the lemmas evident 7 . E. trichodes.

Panicles rather open, the branches spreading or
ascending, rather rigid; lateral nerves of the
lemmas evident or obscure.
Lateral nerves of the lemmas faint; plant of the

mountains 8. E.lugens.

Lateral nerves of the Lemmas very prominent;
on the plains of the eastern part el' the
State 9. A', pectin

1. Eragrostia megastachya (Koel.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: L87. I

Bron
Brixa eragrostia L. S|>. PI. 70. 1753, not-Poa cragivslis L. op. eit. 68 ( -Eragro

eragrostia).
Poa megastachya Keel. Descr. Gram. L81. L802.
Eragrostia major Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 4: 14. pi. : I 09.
Eragrostis poaeoides megastachya A. Cray, Man. ed. 5. 631. I
Tt ii. loi mi n : European.

Hanoi : Nearly throughout the United States; naturalized from Europe.
Ni-.w Mexico: Cedar Hill; Santa Fe; Pec is Hot Springs; Mao

■ rendo Creek; We t Fork of the Gila Orj an Mount
il, M< . ill. i \ allej ; Carl bad; Ti uco. W u te ground.

94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 162. 1812.
Poa pilosa L. Sp. PI. 68. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Italia."

Range: Nearly throughout the United States; also in the Old World.

New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; Albuquerque;
Fort Bayard; near White Water; Mogollon Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; Gil-
mores Ranch; Tularosa; Texline. Waste places and in meadows, in the Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

3. Eragrostis lhnbata Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 116. 1886.

Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 542. 1894.

Type locality: Mexico.

Range: Western Texas to California, and southward.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

4. Eragrostis mexicana (Lag.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 190. 1827.
Poa mexicana Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3. 1816.

Type locality: "Hab. in Imperio Mexicana."
Range: Western Texas to southern California and southward.
New Mexico: Gallinas Mountains; Raton; Las Vegas; Torrance; Albuquerque;
Derning; Dog Spring; Mogollon Mountains; Animas Creek; Organ Mountains; Mesilla
Valley; Leachs; Queen; Roswell; White Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

5. Eragrostis obtusiflora (Fourn.) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 8:

10. 1897. Mexican saltgrass.

Brizopyrum obtusiflorum Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 120. 1881.
Type locality: Mexico.
Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico.
New Mexico: Las Playas (Wootori). Alkaline flats, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

6. Eragrostis secundiflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 276. 1830.
Poa interrupta Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 146. 1837, not Lam. 1791.
Poa oxylepis Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red Riv. 301. pi. 19. 1854.
Type locality: Mexico.

Range: Texas and New Mexico to southern Mexico.
New Mexico: Nara Visa; Melrose; Dora; Clayton; Arroyo Ranch; Texline. Plains,

in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

7. Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 465. 1895.
Poa trichodes Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 146. 1837.
Type locality: "In bushy prairies and open alluvial lands, Arkansas."
Range: Nebraska and Ohio to New Mexico and Tennessee.
New Mexico: Gray; Queen. Dry soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

8. Eragrostis lugens Nees, Agrost. Bras. 2: 505. 1829.
Type locality: "Habitat ad Monte- Video et in confinibus Paraguayanis. "
Range: Texas and Arizona to Mexico and South America.
New Mexico: Kingston; Mangas Springs; near White Water; San Luis Mountains;

Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains; Round Mountain. Dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

9. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. Syn. PL Glum. 1: 272. 1855.
Poa pectinacea Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 69. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in arvis Illinoensibus."

Range: Illinois and Massachusetts to New Mexico, Texas, and Florida.
New Mexico: Near Causey ( Woolon). Plains and dry fields, in the Upper Sonoran

Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 95

62. MELICA L. Melic grass.

Perennials with usually soft flat leaves and with rather large 6pikelets in lax or
dense, usually narrow panicles, or sometimes in simple racemes; spikelets 2 to several-
flowered, terete or slightly flattened; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between
the fertile florets, usually bearing 2 or 3 empty glumes at the apex; glumes unequal,
membranaceous, awnless, 3 to 5-nerved; lemmas larger, rounded on the back, 7 to
13-nerved, scarious- margined, awnless or short-awned; palea broad, 2-keelecl; stamens
3; styles distinct; grain free.

1. Melica porteri Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 44. pi. l.f. 17, 18. 1885.

Mclica mutira parviflora Porter in Port. & Coult. Syn. Fl. Colo. 149. 1874.

Melica parviflora Scribn. Mem. Torrey Club 5: 50. 1894.

Type locality: Glen Eyrie, Colorado.

Range: Colorado and Kansas to Arizona and Texas.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe; Sandia Mountains; Las Vegas; Winsors Ranch;
Mogollon Mountains; Silver City; Organ Mountains; "White and Sacramento moun-
tains. Damp woods, in the Transition and Canadian zones.

63. BROMUS L. Brome grass.

Annuals or perennials with flat leaves and rather large, erect or pendulous spikelets;
spikelets few to many-flowered, slightly or strongly flattened laterally, paniculate
or rarely racemose; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets; glumes
unequal, acute or the second short-awned, 1 to 5-nerved, shorter than the lemmas-
lemmas keeled or rounded on the back, 5 to 9-nerved, usually 2-toothed at the apex
and awned from the back just below the point or from between the teeth, or some-
times awnless; palea a little shorter than the lemma, 2-kceled; stamens usually 3;
stigmas sessile, plumose; grain sulcate, adherent to the palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lemmas compressed-car inate at the base.
Lemmas appressed-villous.

Sheaths more or less villous la. B. marginatns

latior.

Sheaths glabrous or nearly so ]b. B. marginatns

scminnrlns.
Lemmas smooth or scabrous.

Leaves and sheaths conspicuously pubescent 2. B. unioloidt ».

Leaves glabrous, the sheaths sometimes slightly pu-
bescent.

Awns inconspicuous; leaves narrow 3. B. polyanthus.

A \\ ns conspicuous; leaves wide . . . . 3a /.' polyanthus

paniculatuB.
I i nomas uol compressed-carinate but rounded, at least at the
base.
Lemmas glabrous or scabrous.
Sheaths pubescent.

Panicles dense, contracted; plants low, 10 cm. high

or less I. /.'. hordeacetu

glabr a cens.
Panicles loose, more or less spreading; plants more

than 50 cm. huh 5 /■' acemotus.

96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Sheaths glabrous.

Spikelcts laterally compressed, ovate-lanceolate... 6. B. secalinus.

Spikelets terete, narrowly oblong 7. B. inermis.

Lemmas more or less pubescent.

Pubescence unevenly distributed on the margins and

dorsal surface of the lemmas 8. B. richardsoni.

Pubescence about equally distributed on margins and
dorsal surface of the lemmas.

Sheaths densely villous 9. B. lanatipes.

Sheaths glabrous or nearly so.

Glumes pubescent; tall coarse plant 10. B. portcri.

Glumes glabrous; weak leafy plant . . .11. B.frondosus.

la. Bromus marginatus latior Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:
55. 1900.

Type locality: Walla Walla, Washington.

Range: Washington and Wyoming to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: North of Ramah; Santa Fe; East Fork of the Gila; Mangas Springs.
Canyons, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

lb. Bromus marginatum seminudus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
23: 55. 1900.

Type locality: On open mountain side 5 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon.

Range: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Baldy; Sandia Mountains; Water Canyon; James Canyon; White
Mountains. Meadows, in the Transition Zone.

2. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 151. 1816.
Festuca unioloides Willd. Hort. Berol. 1: 3. pi. 3. 1816.

Type locality: "Habitat in Carolina."

Range: South Carolina and Florida to Texas, also in Mexico and South America;
introduced in other parts of the United States.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Agricultural College.

3. Bromus polyanthus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 56./. 34-

1900.
Bromus multifiorus Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 13: 46. 1898, not

Weig. 1772.
Type locality: Battle Lake, Sierra Madre Mountains, Wyoming.
Range: Oregon and Montana to Utah and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Santa Fe; Johnsons Mesa; Rio Pueblo;
Barranca; Chaina; Tunitcha Mountains; Las Vegas; Silver City; Patterson; James
Canyon; Organ Mountains. Shaded canyons, in the Transition Zone.

3a. Bromus polyanthus paniculatus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
23:56./. 35. 1900.

Type locality: West Mancos Canyon, Colorado.

Range: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Pecos; Glorieta; Baldy; Inscription Rock; Chiz; Mogollon Moun-
tains; Gilmores Ranch; James Canyon; Gray. Damp woods and thickets, in the
Transition Zone.

4. Bromus hordeaceus glabrescens (Coss.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 23: 20. 1900.
Bromus mollis glabrescens Coss. Fl. Env. Paris 654. 1845.
Type locality: Paris, France.

Range: Native of Europe, widely introduced in the United States.
New Mexico: Willow Creek (]Yooton).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 97

5. Bromus racemosus L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 114. 1762.
Type locality: "Habitat in Anglia."

Range: Native of Europe, adventive in many places in the United States.
New Mexico: Albuquerque; Mesilla Valley.

6. Bromus secalinus L. Sp. PL 76. 1753. Cheat.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae agris secalinis arenosis."

Range: Native of Europe, a common weed in many parts of North America, espe-
cially in grain fields.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs.

7. Bromus inermis Leyss. Fl. Hal. 16. 1761. Hungarian brome grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in pratis succulentis fertilissirnis im Furstengarten in

den Pulvericeiden frequens."

Range: Native of Europe, locally established in the United States.
New Mexico: •Farmington; Mesilla A r alley.

8. Bromus richardsoni Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 281. 1833.

Bromus ciliatus scariosus Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 13: 46. 1898.

Type locality: Described from plants grown from seed sent from western North
America.

Range: British America to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Rio Pueblo; Trout Spring; Beulah; Tunitcha
Mountains; Hillsboro Peak; Organ Mountains; Cloudcroft; "White Mountains. Thick-
ets in the mountains, in the Transition and Canadian zones.

9. Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 52. 1906.
Bromus porteri lanatipes Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 37. 1900.
Type locality: Idaho Springs, Colorado.

Range: Colorado and New Mexico to California.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Glorieta; Johnsons Mesa;
Santa Fe; Water Canyon; East Fork of the Gila; Organ Mountains; Gray; White
Mountains. Damp thickets, in the Transition Zone.

10. Bromus porteri (Coulter) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 512. 1895.
Bromus kalmii porteri Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 425. 1885.

Type locality: Twin Lakes, Colorado.

Range: Montana and South Dakota to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Dulce; Chama; Albuquerque; Glorieta; Raton Mountains; Pescado
Spring; Ramah; Johnsons Mesa; Mogollon ('reek; Fort Bayard; Organ -Mountains;
Tularosa Creek; Gilmores Ranch. Damp thickets, in the Transition Zone.

11. Bromus frondosus (Shear) Woot. £ Standi. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81:
1 14. L912.

Bromus porteri frondosus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 37./
L900.

'l.ii. locality: Mangas Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by J. G. Smith.

I; w.k: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Baton; Ponchuelo Creek; Santa Fe Canyon; Mang
lion Creek; Organ Mountains; San Luis Mountains. Damp canyons, in the Dpper
Sonoran and Transition z<

64. DACTYLIS L. OaCHARD OB

Perennial with Bat Leaves and narrow glomerate panicles; spikeleta :* t" 5-flowered,
nearly sessile in >\f\i«' fascicles; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the
florets; glumes unequal, I to 3-nerved, sharpl] keeled, acute; lemmas 6 nerved,
shortly awn-pointed d and keeled, abate on the keel; palea a little

:.-.-,76°— 15 7

98 CONTRIBUTION'S FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain narrow, oblong,
free.

1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. PI. 71. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis."

Range: Widely distributed in North America, introduced from Europe and often
cultivated.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Cedar Hill; Chama; Winsors Ranch; Mesilla Valley.

65. DISTICHLIS Raf. Saltgrass.

Rigid erect stoloniferous perennial with dense panicles of rather few compressed
spikelets; spikelets 8 to 16-flowered, dioecious; glumes carinate, acute, shorter than
the lemmas; lemmas broader, 3 to many-nerved, acute, rigid; palea 2-keeled, equal-
ing or shorter than the lemmas; stamens in the staminate flower 3; styles thickened
at the base, rather long, distinct; grain closely enveloped in the thickened and cori-
aceous base of the palea.

1. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 415. 1887.

Uniola spicata L. Sp. PL 71. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Americae borealis maritimis."

Range: Throughout the United States and in Mexico.

New Mexico: Farmington; Dulce; El Rito; Algodones; Las Palomas; Nambe Val-
ley; near Cliff; Rincon; White Sands; Mesilla Valley. Saline soil, in the Lower
and Upper Sonoran zones.

66. POA L. Bluegrass.

Annuals or perennials with usually flat leaves and with a paniculate inflorescence;
spikelets 2 to 6-flowered, the uppermost floret rudimentary; rachilla jointed above
the glumes, these herbaceous, lanceolate or ovate, 1 to 3-nerved, keeled, persistent;
lemmas herbaceous or membranaceous, lanceolate or ovate, acute or obtuse, awnless,
5-nerved, carinate, falling with the 2-keeled palea and a joint of the rachilla, the
dorsal or marginal nerves usually soft-hairy and often with a tuft of cobwebby hairs
at the base; stamens 3; styles distinct.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Annuals.

Plants low, 10 to 20 cm. high; branches of the panicle

spreading • 1. P. annua.

Plants taller, 15 to 50 cm. high; branches of the panicle

erect 2. P. bigelovii.

Perennials.

Cobweb at the base of the flowers wanting; spikelets acute
at the base; lemmas 5 mm. long or more.
Spikelets only slightly compressed; lemmas rounded
at the apex.
Lemmas merely slightly scabrous; plants bright

green 11. P. laevigata.

Lemmas strigose below, scabrous above; plants

yellowish green 12. P. lucida.

Spikelets strongly compressed; lemmas acute.

Ligules long, 5 to 7 mm., acute or acuminate. .13. P. longiligula.
Ligules short, less than 5 mm. long, rounded or
truncate at the apex.
Panicles very narrow and contracted, long-

peduncled 14. P. longipedunculata.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO.

99

Panicles open, broad, on long or short pe-
duncles.
Panicles very short, 5 cm. or less;
plants less than 30 cm. high;
leaves smooth beneath, scabrous

above 15. P. brevipaniculata

Panicles longer, 8 to 15 cm. ; plants 30
to 60 cm. high; leaves variously
pubescent.
Glumes nearly equal, 3-nerved;
leaves smooth beneath, sca-
brous above 16. P. arida.

Glumes unequal, the first 1-nerved,
the second 3-nerved; leaves
scabrous beneath, hispid-

puberulent above 17. P.fendUriana.

Cobweb present at the base of the flowers, though some-
times scanty; lemmas acute (except in P. com-
pressa) and usually strongly keeled; plants with
horizontal rootstocks; spikelets and lemmas
various.
Intermediate nerves of the lemmas faint or obsolete.

Stems compressed ; panicles narrow, open 8. P.

Stems not compressed; panicles various.

Branches of the panicles reflexed 9.

Branches of the panicles not reflexed 10.

Intermediate nerves of the lemmas conspicuous.
Panicles with numerous many-flowered spikelets,
the branches in fruit ascending (the lower

ones in 3's and 4's); lemmas acutish

Panicles usually with few-flowered spikelets, the

branches reflexed or spreading in fruit;

lemmas very acute.

Spikelets few, usually purplish; branches of

the panicle few, solitary or in pairs.

Intermediate nerves of the lemmas

long-hairy -I. P. arctica.

Intermediate nerves of the lemmas gla-
brous, the hairs on the principal
nerves copious and spreading.. . 5. P.rqflexa.
Spikelets numerous, green; branches of the
panicle numerous, the lower ones
often in 3's and 4's.
Lemmas only slightly pubescent on the

keel below 6. P. occidentalis.

Lemmas copiously white-pubescent on
the back below, villous on the
marginal nerves and keel 7

compressa.

P. aperta.
P. interior.

3. P. pratensis.

1. Poa annua L.
Type locality:

/'. tniri/i.
low BP] \

Sp. PI. 68. 1753.
" Habitat in Kuropa ad \
Range: Nearly throughout the United States; also in Europe and Asia.
New Mexico: Santa be; I'oneluielo (reek. Moist soil, in the I pper Bononui and
Transition zones.

100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Poa bigelovii Vasey & Scribn. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 270. 1893.

Type locality: "New Mexico", probably near Santa Fe. Type collected by
Fendler (no. 931).

Range: Colorado and Texas to California.

New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Watrous; Santa Fe; Glorieta; Taos; Organ Moun-
tains; White Mountains. Meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

3. Poa pratensis L. Sp. PI. 67. 1753. Kentucky bluegrass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis."

Range: Nearly throughout North America; also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chania; Santa Fe Canyon; Truchas Peak;
Rio Pueblo; Reserve; Cloudcroft; Raton; Albuquerque; White Mountains. Meadows
and woods, in the Transition Zone.

4. Poa arctica R. Br. Suppl. App. Parry's Voy. 288. 1824.
Type locality: Melville Island.

Range: New Mexico and Colorado to Washington, Alaska, and Labrador.

New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 4835). Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone.

5. Poa reflexa Vasey & Scribn. Contr. IT. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893.
Poa leptocoma reflexa Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 15. 1912.

Type locality: Kelso Mountain, near Torrey Peak, Colorado.
Range: Oregon and Montana to New Mexico.

New Mexico: A single collection seen (Fendler 920), probably from near Santa Fe.
Wet meadows, in the Transition Zone.

6. Poa occidentalis Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 274. 1893.
Poa platyphylla Nash & Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 44. 1906.
Type locality: Las Vegas, New Mexico. Type collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Baldy; Winsors Ranch; Sandia Mountains; Las Vegas;
Santa Fe Canyon; \Yhite and Sacramento mountains. Damp meadows and thickets,
in the Transition and Canadian zones.

7. Poa tracyi Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893.

Type locality: On mountain sides at Raton, New Mexico. Type collected by
Tracy in 1887.
Range: Northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.
New Mexico: Raton. Hillsides, in the Transition Zone.

8. Poa compressa L. Sp. PI. 69. 1753. English bluegrass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae et Americae septentrionalis siccis, muris,

tectis."
Range: Native of Europe and Asia, widely naturalized in the United States.
New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Raton.

9. Poa aperta Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. (ire 35: 4. 1901.
Type locality: Telluride, Colorado.

Range: Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Top of Sandia Mountains (Wooton).

10. Poa interior Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 604. 1905.

Type locality: Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, Wyoming.
Range: Western British America to northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Jemez Mountains; top of Sandia Mountains. Damp meadows,
in the Canadian Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 101

11. Poa laevigata Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 31. 1897.
Poa laevis Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 273. 1893, not Borb. 1877.
Type locality: Montana.

Range: Washington and Montana to New Mexico.
New Mexico: Bell; Fitzgerald Cienaga. Meadows.

12. Poa lucida Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 274. 1893.
Type locality: Mountain sides near Georgetown, Colorado.
Range: Wyoming and South Dakota to New Mexico.
New Mexico: Fitzgerald Cienaga (Wooton).

13. Poa longiligula Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. < ire 9: 3.
1899.

Type locality: Silver Reef, Utah.

Range: Oregon and South Dakota to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Aztec (Baker 87, 204). Low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

14. Poa longipedunculata Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:54. pi. 11.
1898.

Type locality: Summit of Sheep Mountain, Laramie, Albany County, Wyoming.
Range: Wyoming to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Raton; Barranca; Santa Fe Canyon. Hillsides, in tbe Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones.

15. Poa brevipaniculata Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. (in-. 9:
2. 1899.

Type locality: Table Peak, Colorado.
Range: Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Las Vegas Hot Springs; Gallinas River. Plains, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

16. Poa arida Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 270. 1893.
Poa fendleriana arida Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 14. 1912.

Type locality: Socorro, New Mexico. Type collected by G. R. Vasey in 1881.
Range: Utah and Kansas to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Socorro; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in
the Upper Sonoran Zone.

17. Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey, Illustr. N. Amer. Grasses 2: 74. 1893.

Mutton grass.

Eragrostis fendleriana Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 278. 1855.

Uralepis poaeoi>l<s Buckl. Proc. A'ad. Phila. 1862: 94. 1863.

Type locality: New Mexico, probably near Santa Fe. Type collected by Fendler
(no. 932).

Range: Colorado and New Mexico to California.

New Mexico: Tierra Amarilla; Chama; Las Vegas lint Spring; Santa Fe; Pecoe
Baldy; Bear Canyon; San Antonio; Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Magdalena
Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; Little <'rerk. Meadows and can-
yons, in tin' Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

The type of Uralepis poaeoides is Fendler's 932, which is also the type "t" Brag
fi mlliriana.

67. FESTUCA L. l'i:s< i |

Annuals or perennials of various habit; spikelets several-flowered, pedicellate in
narrow and dense or loose and spreading panicles; rachilla jointed above the glumes
and between the florets; glumes more ox leas unequal, narrow, acute; lemmas rounded

102 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

on the back, at least below, acute or tapering into a straight awn, faintly 3 to 5-nerved,
not webbed at the base; stamens 3; styles very short, distinct; grain elongated, fur-
rowed, frequently adnate to the palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Annuals or biennials.

Spikelets loosely 1 to 5, rarely 6-flowered 1. F. pacijica.

Spikelets densely 8 to 13-flowered 2. F. octo flora.

Perennials.

Glumes thin, the second 1-nerved, or 3-nerved only at the base;

ligules long and acuminate 3. F. thurberi.

Glumes firm, the second 3 to 5-nerved; ligules various.

Plants low, less than 30 cm. high 4. F. brachyphylla.

Plants tall, 60 cm. high or more.

Leaf blades very narrow, filiform, involute, grayish

green 5. F. arizonica.

Leaf blades wide, flat, bright green.

Spikelets narrowly oblong, 3 to 5-flowered 6. F. sororia.

Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 to 11-flowered 7. F. elatior.

1. Festuca pacifica Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 12. 1906.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.

Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Ledges of Gallinas River, near Las Vegas (Cockerell). Upper
Sonoran Zone.

2. Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Carol. 81. 1788.
Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. PL 1: 419. 1797.
Type locality: Carolina.

Range: Throughout most of temperate North America.

New Mexico: Santa Fe; Farmington; Sierra Grande; Las Vegas; Mogollon Moun-
tains; Socorro; Organ Mountains; Roswell. Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Festuca thurberi Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 292. pi. 29.

1879.
Festuca scabrella vaseyana Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 603. 1896.
Type locality: Twin Lakes, Colorado.
Range: Wyoming to northern New Mexico.

New Mexico : Beattys Cabin ; Sandia Mountains ; Baldy . Meadows, in the Canadian
Zone.

4. Festuca brachyphylla Schult. Mant. 3: 646. 1827.

Festuca brevifolia R. Br. Suppl. App. Parry's Voy. 188. 1824, not Muhl. 1817.
Festuca ovina brevifolia S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 389. 1871.
Type locality: Melville Island.

Range: British America to New Mexico and Vermont.

New Mexico: Las Vegas Range; Winsors Ranch; Truchas Peak; Baldy; Albu-
querque. Meadows, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones.

5. Festuca arizonica Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893.

Arizona fescue.

Type locality: Near Flagstaff, Arizona.

Range: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Raton Mountains; Chama; Grants Station; Winsors
Ranch; Trout Spring; Johnsons Mesa; Rio Pueblo; San Lorenzo; West Fork of the
Gila; White Mountains. Open slopes, in the Canadian Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 103

6. Festuca sororia Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 197. 1913.
Type locality: Rincon Mountains, Arizona.

Range: Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. Mountains, in the Transition Zone.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7714); Hillsboro Peak {Metcalfe 1236).

7. Festuca elatior L. Sp. PL 75. 1753. Meadow fescue.
Festuca pratensis Huds. Fl. Angl. 37. 1762.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis."

Range: Native of Europe, widely introduced into the United Stales, sometimea
cultivated for hay.
New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Winsora Ranch; Mesilla Valley.

68. PANICULARIA Fabr. Manna grass.

Tall aquatic perennials with flat leaves and usually diffuse terminal panicles;
spikelets few to many-flowered, terete or slightly flattened, in narrow or spreading
panicles; rachilla jointed between the florets, usually smooth; glumes unequal,
shorter than the lemmas, obtuse or acute, 1 to 3-nerved; lemmas smooth or scabrous,
rounded on the back, herbaceous except at the scarious and usually blunt apex, 5 to
9-nerved, the nerves usually prominent; palea a little shorter than the lemma,
2-nerved; stamens 2 or 3; styles short, distinct; grain oblong, smooth, free, or when dry
slightly adherent to the palea.

key to the species.

Spikelets linear, 12 mm. long or more 1 . P. borealis.

Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 mm. long or less.

Spikelets 3 mm. long or less; branches of the panicle drooping 2. /'. nervata.

Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long; branches of the panicle ascending or

spreading 3. P. grandis.

1. Panicularia borealis Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 348. 1897.
Glyceria borealis Piper, Fl. Palouse 27. 1901.

Type locality: Van Buren, Maine.

Range: Alaska and Maine to California, New Mexico, and New York.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7540). In swamps, in the Canadian
Zone.

2. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 783. 1891.
Poa nervata Willd. Sp. PI. 1 :389. 1797.

Glyceria nervata Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 365. 1830.

Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."

Range: British America to California, Mexico, and Florida.

New Mexico: Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Winsora Ranch; Rio Pueblo; Santa
Fe Canyon; Mogollon Creek; Wheelers Ranch. In wet ground, in the Transition
Zone.

3. Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 1:

265. 1913.
Poa aquatica americana Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. S. 1: 108. 1821.
( i lyceria grandis S. Wats, in A. Cray, Man. ed. <>. 667. 1890.
/'iiiticularia americana MarM. Met. .Minn. Val. 81. 1892.
Type locality: Northeastern United Slates.

Ranob: British America to Nevada, New Mexico, ami T<nn> see.
New Mexico: Pecos; Taos; Las Vegas; AJbuquerque; Middle Pork oi the Gila.
Wet, ground, in the Transition /one.

104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

69. PUCCINELLIA Pari. Meadow grass.

Cespitose perennial with flat leaves and narrow terminal panicles; spikelets as in
Panicularia but with usually smaller lemmas, the nerves less distinct or obscure.

1. Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 668. 1890.

Poa airoides Nutt. Gen. PI. 1: 68. 1818.

Panicularia distans airoides Scribn. Mem. Torrey Club 5: 54. 1894.

Type locaMty: "In depressed situations around the Mandan village, on the
Missouri."

Range: British America to Nevada and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Arroyo Pecos near Las Vegas. Wet ground,
in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

70. AGROPYRON Gaertn. Wheat grass.

Tall perennials with erect simple culms and often bearded terminal spikes; spike-
lets 3 to many-flowered, closely sessile and single at each notch of the axis; rachilla
articulated above the glumes under each lemma; glumes 2, narrower and usually
shorter than the lemmas, acute or awned; lemmas rounded on the back or slightly
keeled above, 5 to 7-nerved, acute or awned from the apex, rarely obtuse; palea 2-
keeled, bristly-ciliate on the keels; grain pubescent at the apex, usually adherent to
the palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Rachis of the spike breaking up at maturity, the joints falling

with the spikelets 1. A. scribneri.

Rachis of the spike continuous, not breaking up at maturity.
Awns of the lemmas conspicuous.
Awns erect.

Awns short, not exceeding the body of the lemma;

spikes usually tinged with purple 2. A. violaceum.

Awns long, usually exceeding the body of the
lemma; spikes not purplish tinged.
Stems stout; spikes 7 to 10 mm. wide, usually
unilateral ; spikelets (excluding the awns)

12 to 15 mm. long 3. A. richardsoni.

Stems slender; spikes about 5 mm. wide, seldom
unilateral; spikelets (excluding the awns)

about 10 mm. long 4. A. caninum.

Awns divergent.

Spikelets subterete, more or less crowded 5. A. bakeri.

Spikelets flattened, distant.

Leaves scabrous above 6. A. arizonicum.

Leaves glabrous 7. A. spicatum.

Awns of the lemmas not conspicuous.
Plants bright green, not glaucous.

Plants cespitose; spikelets small, few-flowered 8. A. tenerum.

Plants stoloniferous; spikelets large, many-flowered. 9. A. pseudorepens.
Plants conspicuously glaucous.

Sheaths pubescent 10. A. palmeri.

Sheaths glabrous.

Lemmas scabrous or glabrous 11. A. smithii.

Lemmas pubescent 12. A. molle.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 105

1. Agropyron scribneri Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 128. 1893.
Elyrnus scribneri Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 20. 1912.

Type locality: Montana.

Range: Montana to northern Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Top of Las Vegas Range {Cockerell). Meadows in the mountains,
in the Arctic-Alpine Zone.

2. Agropyron violaceum (Homem.) Lange, Consp. Fl. Groenland. 3: 155. 1880.
Triticum violaceum Homem. Fl. Dan. pi. 2044. 1832.

Type locality: Southern Greenland.

Range: British America to Pennsylvania and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Rio Pueblo; Sandia Mountains; White Mountain Peak.

3. Agropyron richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad.; Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 4: 29. 1897.
Triticum richardsoni Trin. Linnaea 12: 467. 1838.
Type locality: "America borealis arctica?."

Range : British Columbia and New England to California and northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Beattys Cabin (Standley 4856). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone.

4. Agropyron caninum (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 756. 1817.
Triticum, caninum L. Sp. PL 86. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae sepibus."

Range: Idaho and Nova Scotia to New Mexico and North Carolina; also in Europe.

New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 4831). Meadows, in the Hudsonian Zone.

5. Agropyron bakeri E. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 38: 378. 1904.
Type locality: Near Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado.

Range: Mountains of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Baldy; Sandia Mountains; White Mountain Peak. Hudsonian and
Arctic-Alpine zones.

6. Agropyron arizonicum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.

4: 27. 1897.
Type locality: Rincon Mountains, Arizona.

Range: Mountains of Arizona and New Mexico to northern Mexico.
New Mexico: Laguna; Jemez Mountains; Bear Mountain; Mogollon Mountains;
Organ Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Alamogordo. Transition Zone.

7. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 4: 33. 1897.
Festuca spicata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 83. 1814.
Agropyron divcrgens Nees in Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 347. 1854.
Type locality: "Camp Chopunnisli," opposite Kamiah, Idaho.
Range: Washington and Montana to Colorado and Now Mexico.
New .Mexico: Lear Mountain; Socorro. Dpper Sonoran and Transition zones.

8. Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 258. 1885. Slendek w hi a r gram
Type locality: Fort Garland. Colorado.

Ran<;e: British America to .W\\ Mexico and New Hampshire.

New Mexico: Duke; Raton; Las Vegas; Torrance; Johnsons Mesa; Glorieta; I hama;
Cubero; Albuquerque; North Percha ('reck; Mangas Springs; White Mountains.
Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

This is a rather valuable range grass in the mountains and is often cul for hay.

9. Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith, U. B. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 4: 34. L897.
Agropyron tcncrinn jisrmlorrprns Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 19. 1912.

106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type locality: Texas.

Range: British Columbia and Montana to Arizona and Texas.

New Mexico: Tuniteha Mountains; Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Pecos; San-
dia Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Raton Mountains; Albuquerque;
Fort Bayard; Socorro; Mogollon Creek; Roy; White and Sacramento mountains.
Moist hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

10. Agropyron palmeri (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb.; Woot. & Standi. N. Mex. Agr.
Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 153. 1912.

Agropyron spicatum palmeri Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4:

33. 1897.
Agropyron smithii palmeri Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 18. 1912.
Type locality: Arizona.
Range : Arizona and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Wheelers Ranch; Coolidge; Santa Fe; Agua Azul.

11. Agropyron smithii Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 64. 1900.

Colorado bluestem.

Agropyron glaucum ocddentale Scribn. Trans. Kans. Acad. 9: 119. 1885.

Agropyron ocddentale Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 9. 1900.

Type locality: Kansas.

Range: Washington and Wisconsin to Arizona and Texas.

New Mexico: Chama; Shiprock; Dulce; Carrizo Mountains; Sierra Grande; Tunit-
eha Mountains; Pecos; Cowles; Taos; Johnsons Mesa; Raton; Coolidge; Puertecito;
Gallo Spring; Mangas Springs; Reserve; Socorro; Nogal; White Mountains. Plains
and meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

Colorado bluestem is a valuable range grass, occurring in great abundance on the
foothills and the higher plains.

12. Agropyron molle (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 65. 1900.
Agropyron spicatum molle Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4:

33. 1897.

Agropyron smithii molle Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 18. 1912.

Type locality: "Saskatchewan to Colorado and New Mexico, and westward to
Idaho and Washington."

Range: Washington and Saskatchewan to northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Raton; Chama; Farmington. Plains and low hills, in the Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones.

71. LOLIUM L. Rye grass.

Annuals or perennials with simple erect culms, flat leaves, and simple terminal
spikes; spikelets several-flowered, solitary, sessile in alternate notches of the con-
tinuous rachis, one edge of each spikelet placed against the rachis; rachilla jointed
between the florets; glumes 1 (2 in the terminal spikelet), shorter than or exceeding
the florets; lemmas rounded on the back, 5 to 7-nerved, obtuse, acute, or awned;
palea 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles very short, distinct; grain smooth, adherent to the
palea.

1. Lolium perenne L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fertili."
Range: Native of Europe, introduced in many parts of North America.
New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe; Agricultural College.

72. HORDEUM L.

Annuals or perennials with terminal cylindrical spikes of awned spikelets; spike-
lets 1-flowered, 2 or 3 together at each joint of the rachis, sessile or on very short
pedicels; rachilla articulated above the glumes and continued behind the palea of

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 107

the central spikelet into a naked bristle; glumes 2, narrowly lanceolate, subulate,
or setaceous, rigid, persistent; lemmas lanceolate, rounded on the back, obscurely
5-nerved above, usually awned; palea shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3;
styles very short, distinct; grain sulcate, adherent to the palea.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Plants glaucous throughout 1. 77. murinum.

Plants not glaucous.

Glumes 3 to 6 cm. long 2. 77. jubatum.

Glumes 1 to 2 cm. long.

Awns spreading; spikes yellowish 3. 77. caespitosum.

Awns erect; spikes reddish or brownish green 4. 77. nodosum.

1. Hordeum murinum L. Sp. PI. 85. 1753. Wall barley.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis."

Range: Native of Europe, widely naturalized in the United States.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley.

2. Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. PL 85. 1753. Squirrel-tail grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."

Range: Alaska and British America to California, New Mexico, and Missouri.

New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama;
Raton; Sierra Grande; Magdalena Mountains; Pecos; Torrance; Rio Pueblo; Menu;
Pescado Spring; Santa Fe; Kingston; White Mountains. Plains and meadows, in
the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

Often a troublesome weed in cultivated ground.

3. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn. in Pammel, Proc. Davenport Acad. 7: 245. 1899.
Type locality: Edgemont, South Dakota.

Range: Wyoming and South Dakota to northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Farmington (Standley 6904). Dry hills and plains, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

4. Hordeum nodosum L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 126. 1762. Meadow barley.
Type locality: "Habitat in Italia, Anglia."

Range: Temperate North America, Asia, and Europe.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Ramah; Grants Station; El Rito
Creek; Rio Pueblo. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone.

73. SITANION Rat.

Cespitose perennials with mostly tlat haves and terminal bearded Bpike ; spike-
lets usually 2, sometimes 3 or I, at each j^int of the rachis, 2 I" Beveral-flowered;
glumes many-parted from near the base or merely bit id, or subulate and entire, awned;
lemmas terminating in a single long awn, or trifid and :; awned; palea as long as the
lemma, entire, bidentate, or 2-awned.

KKY TO THE SPECIES.

Glumes bifid from about the middle, the lobes abruptly divergent.

Sheaths long-villous ' ■ s - >"" !l ''-

Sheaths not villous.

Glumes 3 to 4 cm. long 2. 8. cat spiloaum.

Glumes 2 to 3 cm. Ion- 3. 8. rigidum.

Glumes entire, subulate-setaceous.

Culm leaves long and flexuous '• 8.Umgifolium.

Culm leaves short, rigid, spreading.

Lemmas It) mm. long, glaucous '• N '• ■'• ' ifolium.

Lemmas 7 mm. long, soft-pubescenl ,; - 8. pwnflorum.

108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Sitanion molle J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 17. 1899.
Type locality: East side Buffalo Pass, Larimer County, Colorado.

Range: Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Craters; north of Ramah; Box S Spring; Chama. Open slopes, in
the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. Sitanion caespitosum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 16.

1899.
Type locality: Near Cliff, New Mexico. Type collected hy J. G. Smith in 1897.
Range: Southwestern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Near Cliff ; Mangas Canyon.

3. Sitanion rigidum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 13. 1899.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Washington.

Range: Washington and California to Wyoming and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Summit of Organ Peak (Standley).

4. Sitanion longifolium J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 18.

1899.

Type locality: Near Silverton, Colorado.

Range: Wyoming and Kansas to Texas and Nevada.

New Mexico: Abundant from the Mogollon Mountains and Organ Mountains north-
ward to Las Vegas and westward across the" State. Plains and rocky hills, in the
Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

5. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 17.

1899.

Elymus brevifolius Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 20. 1912.

Type locality: Tucson, Arizona.

Range: Washington to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Rio Pueblo; Sandia Mountains; Tierra Amarilla; Santa Fe Canyon;
Duran; Chama; Grants; Gallo Spring; Mangas Springs; Middle Fork of the Gila; Organ
Mountains; Gilmores Ranch. Plains and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Tran-
sition zones.

6. Sitanion pubifloruna J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 19.

1899.

Type locality: Tucson, Arizona.

Range: Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Sierra Grande;
Raton; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Santa Fe; San Augustine Plains; Animas Creek;
Reserve; Roswell. Upper Sonoran Zone.

74. ELYMUS L. Wild rye.

Tall erect perennials with flat leaves and closely flowered terminal spikes; spikelets
2 to 6-flowered, the uppermost imperfect, sessile, mostly in pairs, at the alternate
notches of the continuous or jointed rachis, forming terminal spikes; rachilla jointed
above the glumes and between the florets; glumes 2, nearly equal, rigid, narrow, 1 or
3-nerved, acute or awn-pointed, persistent; lemmas shorter than the glumes, rounded
on the back, obscurely 5-nerved, obtuse, acute, or awned from the apex; palea a little
shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled ; stamens 3 ; styles short; grain adherent to the lemmas
and paleas.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lemmas not awned or with very short awns.

Glumes aristiform or narrowly subulate; spikelets usually

2 at each joint 1. E. triticoides.

Glumes lanceolate-subulate; spikelets usually single 2. E. simplex.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 109

Lemmas long-awned.

Spikes narrow; spikelets erect.

Leaves 7 to 15 mm. wide, spreading; glumes lanceolate,

acuminate to short-awned 3. E. glaucus.

Leaves less than 5 mm. wide, mostly erect; glumes

narrowly linear-lanceolate, long-awned 4. E. macounii.

Spikes broad; spikelets spreading.

Lemmas glabrous 7. E. brachystachys.

Lemmas pubescent.

Lemmas hirsute or villous 5. E. canadensis.

Lemmas strigose-hispidulous or scabrous 6. E. robustus.

1. Elymus triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1863.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains."

Range: Washington and California to Arizona and New Mexico.
New Mexico: White Mountain Peak; Mesilla Valley. Lower Sonoran to the Tran-
sition Zone.

2. Elymus simplex Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 57.

1898.
Type locality: On banks of Green River, Wyoming.
Range: Oregon and Wyoming to northern Arizona and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7466). Dry plains and hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1863.
Elymus americanus Vasey & Scribn.; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 2: 245. 1888.
Elymus sibiricus americanus Wats. & Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 673. 1890.
Type locality: "Columbia River."

Range: Alaska and California to Texas and the Great Lakes.
New Mexico: Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Winsors Ranch; Johnsons Mesa.
Mountains, in the Transition Zone.

4. Elymus macounii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 119. 1886.
Type locality: "Great Plains of British America."

Range: Manitoba and Saskatchewan to Nebraska and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Albuquerque (Tracy). Upper Sonoran Zone.

5. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."

Range: British America to New Mexico and Texa<.

New Mexico: Farmington; Raton Mountains; Pecos; Santa Fe; Las Vegas Pescado
Spring; Kingston; Sabinal; Mesilla Valley; White Mountains. Damp ground, Loves
Sonoran to Transition Zone.

6. Elymus robustus Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Kept. Alt. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 37.

1897.
Type locality: Illinois.

Range: Montana and Illinois to New Mexico.
New .Mexico: Mangas Springs.

7. Elymus brachystachys Scribn. & Ball, U. S. Kepi. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24:

47./. tl. 1901.
TYPE locality: Oklahoma.
Range: South Dakota and Michigan to Mexico.
New Mexico: Black Range. Moist ground.

110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

14. CYPEKACEAE. Sedge Family.

Grasslike or rushlike herbs; stems usually solid; roots fibrous; leaves narrow, with
closed sheaths, the whole leaf sometimes reduced to a sheath; flowers perfect or
unisexual, arranged in spikelets, one in the axil of each scale, the spikelets solitary or
clustered, 1 to many-flowered; perianth of bristles or wanting; stamens 1 to 3; styles
2 or 3; fruit a lenticular or trigonous achene.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Flowers all unisexual, usually in separate spikes.

Achenes inclosed in a perigynium; glumes 1-flowered . 8. Carex (p. 116).
Achenes not inclosed in a perigynium; glumes

2-flowered 9. Kobresia (p. 124).

Flowers all, or at least part of them, perfect; spikelets
similar.
Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked; spikelets more or less

flattened 1. Cyperus (p. 110).

Scales of the spikelets imbricated spirally in several
ranks; spikelets not flattened.

Perianth bristles much elongated, woolly 7. Eriophorum (p. 116).

Perianth bristles short or wanting.

Spikelets 1 to 4-flowered; plants large, about

1 meter high, leafy 2. Clabium (p. 112).

Spikelets several to many-flowered; plants
mostly low.
Base of the style persistent, enlarged.
Leaves reduced to sheaths; spikelets

solitary 3. Eleocharis (p. 112).

Leaves not reduced ; spikelets several,

mostly paniculate 4. Stenophyllus (p. 114).

Base of the style deciduous, enlarged or
narrow.

Perianth consisting of bristles 5. Scirpus (p. 114).

Perianth of a single hyaline scale 6. Hemicarpha (p. 116).

1. CYPERUS L.

Tufted or simple-stemmed annuals or perennials, 50 cm. high or less, with basal
leaves and triangular stems, the flowers in headlike clusters or unequally branched
Umbels subtended by leaflike bracts; spikelets flattened or cylindric; glumes decid-
uous, or if persistent the spikelets falling entire, 2-ranked; flowers perfect; perianth
none; stamens 1 to 3; achene without a tubercle.

key to the species.

Annual; plants small, 5 to 15 cm. high ; tips of the bracts subulate,

conspicuously reflexed; inflorescence capitate 1. C. inflexus.

Perennials (rarely annual); plants taller, more than 15 cm. high;
tips of the bracts mostly erect, rarely spreading; inflores-
cence various.
Spikelets ovate to ovate-oblong (4 to 5 mm. long, crowded at

the ends of the rather long, subequal rays of the umbel) . 2. C cyrtolepis.
Spikelets linear to narrowly oblong.

Spikelets narrowly oblong; scales of the flowers not over-
lapping, especially in fruit (very strongly nerved).
Inflorescence crowded, subcapitate 3. C.fendlerianus.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. Ill

Inflorescence a compound umbel with unequal rays.
Glumes as broad as long, 2 mm. long or less, mu-

cronulate, usually green 4. C. rusbyi.

Glumes twice as long as broad, 3 mm. long,
acuminate into a spreading awn, yellowish

brown 5. C. schweinitzii.

Spikelets linear; scales of the flowers overlapping from
one-half to two-thirds their length.
Spikelets deciduous as a whole when mature.

Spikelets with few, usually 2 or 3, flowers 6. C. uniflorus.

Spikelets with 6 to 9 flowers 7. C. speciosus.

Scales of the spikelets falling from the rachilla.
Eachilla narrowly winged, the wings adnate;
plants stout, stoloniferous; spikelets loose-
ly clustered 8. C. esculentus.

Wings of the rachilla not adnate, forming scales

anterior to the flower; plants and spikelets

various.

Spikelets densely crowded ; flowers numerous,

about 20 to the spikelet; scales of the

flower not bordered with red; plants

stout 9. C. erythrorhizos.

Spikelets fewer, loosely clustered; flowers 12
to the spikelet or less; scales red-
margined ; plants slender 10. C. sphacelatus.

1. Cyperus inflLexus Muhl. Descr. Gram. 16. 1817.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.

Range: British America south to Mexico.

New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Shiprock; West Fork of the Gila; Santa Rita; San Luis
Mountains; Organ Mountains. Moist ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Cyperus cyrtolepis Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 436. 1836.
Type locality: "Texas."

Range: Oklahoma to Texas and Arizona.

New Mexico: A single specimen, without locality, seen.

3. Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckel. Linnaea 35: 520. 1868.

Type locality: Near Santa Fe, Ne^i Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 865).

Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Wagon
Mound; Magdalena; Mangas Springs; Black Range; Sao Luis Mountains; Organ
Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains. Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran
and Transition zones.

4. Cyperus rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 29. 1884.

Tyi-e locality: Near Silver City, New Mexico. Type collected by Busby in L880.

Range: Mountains of New Mexico and western Texas.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Silver City; Animas Valley; San Luis Moun-
tains; Organ Mountains; Arroyo Ranch; Gray; Elida; Queen. Upper Sonoran and
Transition zones.

5. Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 27*;. I -

Type LOCALITY: Dry sand on the shore of Lake Ontario, near Greece, Monroe
County, New York.

112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Range: British America to New Mexico and Kansas.

Nrcw Mexico: Clayton; Elida; Arroyo Ranch; Nara Visa. Sandy soil, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

6. Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 431. 1836.
Type locality: Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains; sands south of Melrose. Dry soil, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

7. Cyperus speciosus Vahl, Enum. PL 2: 364. 1806.
Cyperus michauxianus Schult. Mant. 2: 123. 1824.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."

Range : Throughout most of the United States.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Roswell. Wet ground.

7a. Cyperus speciosus squarrosus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 214. 1886.

Type locality: "New Mexico."

This differs from the species in having the scales spreading to recurved, and red-
dish. Reported from New Mexico by Dr. N. L. Britton. Based on Fendler's 870,
which probably came from near Santa Fe.

8. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. PL 45. 1753. Nut grass.
Cyperus phymatodes Muhl. Descr. Gram. 23. 1817.

Type locality: "Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente."

Range: British America and southward throughout the United States and tropical
America; also in the Old World.

New Mexico: Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Hillsboro; San Luis Mountains; Mesilla
Valley; Belen; White Mountains; Gray; Roswell. Wet ground, in the Lower and
Upper Sonoran zones.

9. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Descr. Gram. 20. 1817.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.

Range : Throughout most of the United States.

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

10. Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. Descr. PL 26. 1786.
Type locality: Surinam.

Range: In the southern and southwestern United States and in tropical America.
New Mexico: Organ Mountains (Wooton 620). Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. CLADIUM R. Br. Saw grass.

Coarse leafy perennial with cylindric stems about a meter high; spikelets small, in
large, much branched, terminal panicles; glumes overlapping, the lower empty, the
middle with unisexual flowers, the uppermost with perfect flowers; perianth none;
Btamens 2 or 3; styles not persistent; achenes ovoid to globose, smooth or longitudinally
ridged.

1. Cladium jamaicense Crantz, Inst. Herb. 1: 362. 1766.
Cladium effusum Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 374. 1836.
Type locality: Jamaica.

Range: Virginia and Florida to Texas and New Mexico; also in the West Indies.
New Mexico: Roswell. In shallow water.

3. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike rush.

Annual or perennial scapose herbs, 15 to 30 cm. high or more, the leaves reduced to
basal sheaths, the solitary terminal spikes without subtending bracts; stems cylindric,

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 113

flattened, or angular, erect; spikelets small; perianth of 1 to 12 bristles; stamens 2 or 3;
base of style swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the lenticular or 3-angled achene.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Style branches 2.

Annuals; bristles shorter than the achenes; spikes oblong-

cylindric; tubercle broad and low 1. E. engelmanni.

Perennial by rootstocks; bristles longer than achenes; spikes
and tubercles various.

Plants stout; tubercles conic-triangular 2. E. palustris.

Plants slender; tubercles almost cylindrical 3. E. glaucescens.

Styles branches 3.

Plants very small, 3 to 10 cm. high; fruit ob ovoid-oblong, with

numerous longitudinal ridges and finer transverse ones. 6. E. acicularis.
Plants larger, 20 cm. high or more; fruit various.

Tubercles constricted at the base, clearly distinct from
the achene; plants slender, with slender root-
stocks 4. E. montana.

Tubercles apparently confluent with the achene, cylin-

dric; plants stouter, not stoloniferous 5. E. rostellata.

1. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 2: 79. 1855.
Type locality: St. Louis, Missouri.

Range: New England to California.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 589). In wet soil.

2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 151. 1817.
Scirpus palustris L. Sp. PI. 47. 1753.

Type locality: European.

Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part.
New Mexico: Chama; Farmington; Jewett; Mule Creek; Mesilla Valley. In wet
soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

3. Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) Schult. Mant. 2: 89. 1824.
Scirpus glaucescens Willd. Enum. PI. 7G. 1809.

Eleocharis palustris glaucescens A. Gray, Man. 558. 1848.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme north.
New Mexico: Santa Fe Creek; Pecos; Las Vegas. Wet soil, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

4. Eleocharis montana (II. P. K.) Roem. & Schult. SyBt. Veg. 2: I.",:;. IS17.
Scirpus montanusll. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 226. 1816.

Type locality: "In monte Quindiu," Colombia.

Range: Colorado to California, southward to South America.

New Mexico: Zuni Reservation; Las Vegas; Bear Canyon; Rio Pueblo; Wheelers
Ranch; Berendo Creek; Rincon; Apache Teju; Mesilla Valley; Silver Spring Canyon;
Mangas Springs. Wet soil, in tin- Lower ami Upper S iran and the Transition zones.

5. Eleocharis rostellata Torr. I'l. X. V. 2: :: 17. L843.
• Srir/m.s rosU llatlU Torr. Ann. Lye. X. Y. 3: 318. 1836.

'I' i n: i OC \i.itv: Perm Van, W\s York.

Range: Throug] i North America except in the extreme northern part.

New Mexico: Gran I County; plains north of tin- White Sands. In wet soil, in the
Lower Sonoran Zone,

.70°— 15 8

114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 154. 1817.

Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. PI. 48. 1753.

Type locality: European.

Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part; also in
the Old World.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Cloverdale. Wet soil.

Eleocharis capitata R. Br. and E. atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth may come into New-
Mexico, as they occur very close to our borders.

4. STENOPHYLLUS Raf.

Small grasslike annuals, 15 cm. high or mostly less, with basal leaves and umbel-
late or capitate flower clusters of small spikelets subtended by 1 to several bracts;
flowers perfect; glumes overlapping; perianth none; stamens 2 or 3; style swollen at
the base and persistent; achenes 3-angled or lenticular.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Achenes longitudinally ribbed and transversely roughened; plants 10
to 15 cm. high; spikelets solitary or umbellate on the same
plant 1. S. capillaris.

Achenes rugose; plants 8 cm. high or less; spikelets solitary at the

summit of the culm and also at the bases of the leaves 2. S.funckii.

1. Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 30. 1894.
Scirpus capillaris L. Sp. PI. 49. 1753.

Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray, Man. 530. 1848.

Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Aethiopia, Zeylona."

Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part; also in
the Old World.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Santa Rita; San Luis Mountains; Organ Moun-
tains. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. Stenophyllus funckii (Steud.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 30. 1894.
Isolepis funckii Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 2: 91. 1855.

Scirpus heterocarpus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 171. 1883.

Type locality: Venezuela.

Range: Arizona and New Mexico, southward through tropical America to Bolivia.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 661). Wet ground.

5. SCIRPUS L. Bulrush.

Annuals or perennials, sometimes small and grasslike, sometimes tall (1 meter or
more), with reduced basal leaves or sheaths; spikelets cylindric or somewhat flat-
tened, spirally imbricated, in terminal clusters, single, capitate, or umbellate, sub-
tended by 1 to several bracts; flowers perfect; perianth of 1 to 6 bristles (rarely none);
stamens 2 or 3; style not swollen at the base; achenes triangular or lenticular.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Involucral bracts 1 or 2 or none.

Spikelets solitary, terminal; involucral bracts none 1. S. pauciflorus.

Spikelets several, seemingly lateral; involucral bracts 1 or 2.

Culms terete; involucral bracts 2 5. S. occidentalis.

Culms triangular; involucral bract 1, seeming to be a pro-
longation of the culm.
Involucral bract short, 3 cm. long or less, barely ex-
ceeding the spikelets, these generally 4 to 6,
crowded; leaves about one-fifth the length of
the culm 2. S.olneyi.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 115

Involucral bract 4 to 10 cm. long, much exceeding the
spikelets, these few, frequently only 1; leaves

half as long as the culm or more 3. S. americanm.

Involucral bracts of several flat leaves much exceeding the com-
pound umbellate inflorescence.
Culms triangular; spikelets large, 10 to 20 mm. long, Light yel-
lowish brown; inflorescence a simple umbel or in young

plants capitate 4. S. brittonianus.

Cuhns terete; spikelets small, 2 to 7 mm. long, greenish; inflo-
rescence a once or twice compound umbellate cluster
with numerous unequal rays.
Style branches 2; achenes rounded on the back; inflores-
cence twice compound; spikelets not capitate 6. S.microcarpus.

Style branches 3; achenes angled on the back; inflores-
cence generally once compound; spikelets densely
capitate at the ends of the rays 7. S. atrovirens.

1. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078. 1777.
Eleocharis pauciflorus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 284. 1827.
Type locality: Highlands of Scotland.

Range: British America to New York, New Mexico, and California; also in Europe.
New Mexico: A single specimen without locality seen.

It is probable that the plant is not uncommon in the mountains of New Mexico but
has been overlooked by collectors.

2. Scirpus olneyi A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, 5: 238. 1845.
Type locality: In a salt marsh on the Seekonk River, Rhode Island.
Range: Across the United States.

New Mexico: Salt Lake; Santa Rita; Dog Spring; Round Mountain. Wet alkaline
soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 68. 1805.
Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 255. 1808.
Type locality: "Hab. in Carolina inferiore."

Ranoe: Throughout North America; also in South America.

New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Taos; San Juan; Wheelers Ranch;
Berendo Creek; Rincon; Mesilla Valley. In swamps, in the Lower and Upper Sonarao

Zones.

4. Scirpus brittonianus Pi] >er, Oontr. I'. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 157. L906.

Scirpus cumpestris Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 1: 2l>7. 1896, not Roth,
1800.

Scirpus robustus campestris Fernald, Ethodora 2: 241. 1000.

Type locality: "On wet prairies and plains, Manitoba and Minnesota to Nebraska,
Kan.-as, and Mexico, west to Nevada."

Range: As under type locality.

Nbw Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Sail Lake; Mesilla Valley; near
Carrizozo; Roswell. Wet ground, in the bower and Upper Sonoran zon

5. Scirpus occidentals | s . Wats.) Chase, Ethodora 6: 68. L904.
Sorpui laautru occidentals 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 218. 1880.
Type locality: San DiegO County, California.

Ranoe: British Columbia and California to New Bngiand.

Niw Mi.xico: Shiprock; Farmington; Gallo Spring; U prin Berendo

Creek; Mesilla Valley; Rosweil; Carrizozo. Wei ground, in the Lower and I pper
Sonoran /.ones.

116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 195. 1828.
Scirpus lenticularis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 328. 1836.
Scirpus sylvaticus digynus Boeckel. Linnaea 36: 727. 1870.
Type locality: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.

Range: British America and New England to California, Utah, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama; West Fork of the Gila; Mimbres River. Wet ground, in the
Transition Zone.

7. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. Descr. Gram. 43. 1817.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.

Range: Northeastern Atlantic States west to Alberta, south in the Rocky Moun-
tains to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Pecos (Standley 5104). Upper Sonoran Zone.

6. HEMICARPHA Nees.

Low tufted grasslike annual, 10 cm. high or less, with erect or spreading, slender
leaves and small, terminal, headlike or solitary spikelets with 1 to 3 leaflike bracts
surrounding and much exceeding them; glumes spirally imbricated, deciduous;
perianth wanting; stamen 1; achene obovoid-oblong, little compressed, brown.

1. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 34. 1894.
Scirpus micranihus Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 254. 1806.
Hemicarpha subsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 1 : 61. 1842.
Type locality: Given doubtfully as South America.
Range: Nearly throughout North America and in South America.
New Mexico: Albuquerque (Bigelow). Wet ground.

7. ERIOPHORTJM L. Cotton grass.

Perennial from a rootstock, the culms erect; spikelets in a terminal umbel sub-
tended by an involucre of one or more leaves; flowers perfect; perianth of numerous
white bristles, these soft and cotton-like, much exserted ; style 3-cleft; achenes obovoid,
3-angled, light brown.

1. Eriophorum angustifolium Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 24. 1788.
Type locality: Germany.

Range: Alaska and Newfoundland to Maine, Illinois, and northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Wooton). Bogs.

8. CAREX L. Sedge.

Perennial grasslike plants with 3-ranked leaves and mostly 3-angled culms; flowers
unisexual, monoecious or dioecious; perianth wanting; stamens 3; pistillate flowers a
single pistil with 2 or 3 stigmas, in a saclike perigynium, this completely inclosing the
achene; achenes 3-angled or lenticular.

A very large genus of which the following listed species probably represent only a
part of those indigenous to New Mexico. Collectors rarely take the trouble to examine
the plants unless their attention is particularly called to them. There are no doubt
several species common in the high mountains of the northern part of the State which
have not been collected.

The writers are under special obligations to Mr. K. K. Mackenzie for assistance in
the preparation of an account of this genus. Mr. Mackenzie identified most of our
material and prepared the key to the species.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO.

117

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Achenes lenticular; stigmas 2; terminal spike partly pistillate or
if staminate the lateral spikes short or heads dioecious.
(Vignea.)
Spikes mostly staminate at the base.

Perigynia not wing-margined. (Stellulatae.)

Perigynia with very short beaks, widely spreading at

maturity 13.

Perigynia with long beaks, appressed 14.

Perigynia wing-margined. (Ovales.)

Beak of the perigynium flattened and margined to the
tip.

Scales strongly tinged with reddish brown 21.

Scales little if at all tinged with reddish brown.
Perigynia thin, lanceolate (at least two and

one-half times as long as wide) 10.

Perigynia thick, ovate 20.

Beak of the perigynium slender, nearly terete and
scarcely margined at the apex.
Several of the bracts conspicuously exceeding the

head 18.

Bracts inconspicuous.

Perigynia 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; culms smooth

beneath the head L5.

Perigynia 4.5 to 6 mm. long; culms rough be-
neath the head.

Perigynia about 4.5 mm. long, ovate 16.

Perigynia 4.5 to 6 mm. long, lanceolate. .17.
Spikes staminate at apex or some spikes wholly staminate.
Perigynia little compressed, whitish-puncticulate.

(Tenellae.) 12.

Perigynia strongly compressed, not whitish-puncticulate.
Culms one to few together, the rootstocks long and
creeping.
Perigynia wing-margined, the beak bidentate.

(Arenariae.) 5.

Perigynia not wing-margined, the beak obliquely
cut, or bidentate in age. (Divisae.)

( lulms Bmootb above; rootstocks slender

Culms rough beneath the head; rootstocks
stout.
Perigynia chestnut, scarcely sharp-edged,
the beak about one-fifth the length

of the body at maturity

Perigynia brownish <>r blackish, sharp-
edged, tapering into a beak aboul
half the Length of the body.
Spikes witli one to several perigynia,
tlic beads appearing a m
Btraw-colored scales; Btaminate
flowers conspicuous; perigyn-
ium hotly at maturity aboul
2 mm. wide 2

C. interior.
C. bolanderi.

( '. wootoni.

C. scopuria.
C'.festucacea.

C. tenuirostris.

( '. subfusca.

C. f estiva.
C. ebenea.

i '. dUperma.

i '. siccata.

1 . c. douglasii.

mulata.

( '. luttbroaa.

118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Spikes with about 10 perigyuia, con-
cealed by inconspicuous scales,
these tinged with green or
brown; staminate flowers in-
conspicuous; perigynium body
at maturity less than 1.5 mm.

long 3. C. camporum.

Culms cespitose, the rootstocks at most short-creeping.
Spikes numerous, in a more or less compound

head. (Multiflorae.) 11. C.agrostoides.

Spikes less than 10, in a simple head.

Perigynia strongly nerved, the beak exceed-
ing the body. (Stenorhynchae.) . ..10. C. stipata.
Perigynia weakly nerved, the beak not ex-
ceeding the body. (Muhlenber-

GIANAE.)

Scales conspicuously tinged with reddish

brown 6. C. occidentals .

Scales at most faintly tinged with reddish
brown.
Perigynia obliquely cut or shallowly

bid entate, weakly serrulate 9. C.rmbyi.

Perigynia deeply bidentate, strongly
serrulate.
Spikes with few perigynia; sheaths
tight, inconspicuously septate-
nodulose 7. C. neomexicana.

Spikes with several to many perigy-
nia; sheaths soon loose, easily
breaking, conspicuously septate-

* nodulose 8. C. gravida.

Achenes triangular or lenticular; if lenticular the lower lateral spikes
elongated and terminal spikes staminate. (Eucarex.)
Spike solitary.

Perigynia coriaceous, glabrous; rootstocks long-creeping.

(Nitidae.) 22. C. obtusata.

Perigynia not coriaceous, puberulent; culms densely

cespitose. (Filifoliae .) 23. C. filifolia.

Spikes more than one.

Perigynia puberulent, triangular or suborbicular in cross
section, long-stipitate, 2-ribbed. (Montanae.)

Basal spikes absent 24. C. heliophila.

Basal spikes numerous.

Perigynium body suborbicular; staminate spike
2.5 mm. wide; bract shorter than the culm;

blades 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide 25. C. geophila.

Perigynium body oval; staminate spike 1.5 mm.
wide; bract normally exceeding the culm;

blades 0.75 to 1.5 mm. wide 26. ft pityophila.

Perigynia differing from the above section in one or more
particulars.
Pistillate spikes drooping on slender penduncles;
perigynia strongly beaked, not bidentate.
(Capillares.) 27. C. capillaris.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 119

Pistillate spikes erect or, if drooping, the perigynia
differing from above.
Achenes normally lenticular and the stigmas 2.
Perigynia golden yellow at maturity; spikes
few-flowered; plants low, slender. (Bi-

colores.) 28. C. aurea.

Perigynia not golden yellow at maturity;
spikes many-flowered; plants tall or
stout. (Rigidae.)
Perigynium beak strongly bidentate; peri-
gynia ribbed 33. C. nebrasken-

sis.
Perigynium beak, if present, not bidentate;
perigynia various.
Lowest bract not exceeding the inflores-
cence 29. ft scopulorum

Lowest bract exceeding the inflores-
cence.
Perigynia pale green, finely many-
nerved 30. C. kelloggii.

Perigynia greenish sjtraw-colored, few-
nerved or nerveless.
Leaf blades flat and canaliculate, the
edges serrulate above only; peri-
gynia at most obscurely nerved. .31. C. variabilis.
Leaf blades, at least the lower, pli-
cate, the margins revolute, the
edges serrulate throughout; peri-
gynia few-nerved 32. ('. emoryi.

Achenes triangular; stigmas 3.

Perigynia beakless or very shortly beaked.
Terminal 2 or 3 spikes staminate. (Tka-

CHYCHLAENAE.) 37. ft ultra.

Terminal spikes pistillate above, stami-
nate below. (Atijatae.)
Perigynia 2.5 mm. long or less, little
compressed, the margins not ap-
pearing winglike 34. ( '. halleri.

Perigynia more than 2.5 mm. long,
strongly compressed, the margins
winglike.
Spikes all closely sessile, contiguous,

forming a dense lobed head :'.">. ft nova.

Lateral spikes ped uncled, distant,

usually nodding 36. ft

Perigynia Btrongly beaked, the beak deeply
bidentate
Perigynia or sheaths pubescent. (Hib-

TA B . )

Perigynia pubescent, the teeth Bhorl ;

sheaths glabrous 38. ft lanuginosa.

Perigynia glabrous, the teeth lm

Bheaths pube cenl 89 ft atkerod

120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Perigynia and sheaths not pubescent.

Perigynia closely ribbed; pistillate
spikes nodding. (Pseudo-
cypereae.) 40. C. hystricina.

Perigynia coarsely ribbed; pistillate

spikeserect. (Physocarpae.).41. C. rostrata.

1. Carex douglasii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 213. 1840.
Carexfendleriana Boeckel. Linnaea 39: 135. 1875.

Type locality: Northwest coast of North America.
Range: Wyoming to Utah and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe; Ponchuelo Creek; Nambe Valley. Open meadows,
in the Transition Zone.

2. Carex latebrosa Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 603. 1908.
Carex gayana hyalina Bailey, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 135. 1886.
Type locality: Sonora, Mexico.

Range: Nevada, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Cienaga Ranch; Berendo Creek. Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Carex camporum Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 244. 1910.
Type locality: "Columbia River."

Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama (Standlcy 6753).

4. Carex simulata Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 604. 1908.
Type locality: Chug Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.
Range: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Cienaga Ranch (Wooton).

Mr. Mackenzie also refers here Fendler's 881, collected somewhere about Santa Fe.

5. Carex siccata Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826.
Type locality: Westfield, Massachusetts.

Range: British America to California, Arizona, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Pecos Baldy;Winsor Creek. Arc tic- Alpine Zone.

6. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 5. 1889.

Carex muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 140. 1886.

Type locality: Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.

Range: Montana to Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Fe; Winsors Ranch; Magdalena Mountains; Mangas Springs;
Manguitas Spring; Eagle Peak; Sierra Grande; Tierra Amarilla. Damp ground,
chiefly in the Transition Zone.

7. Carex neomexicana Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 153. 1907.
Type locality: Santa Rita del Cobre on the Rio Mimbres, New Mexico.
Range: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Santa Rita.

8. Carex gravida Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 5. 1889.

Type locality: "Northern Illinois * * * to northwestern Iowa."
Range: Ohio and Illinois to South Dakota, Oklahoma, and northeastern New
Mexico.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Standlcy 6069). Upper Sonoran Zone.

9. Carex rusbyi Mackenz. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 65 7 : 2. 1915.
Type locality: Yavapai county, Arizona.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains (Wooton).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 121

10. Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 233. 1805.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.

Range: British America, south through the United States.
New Mexico: Middle Fork of the Gila (Wooton).

11. Carex agrostoides Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 607. 1908.

Type locality: Luna, northwest of the Mogollon Mountains, Socorro County, New
Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, July 28, 1900.
Range: Mountains of western New Mexico and of Arizona.
New Mexico: Luna; Guadalupe Canyon; Mangas Springs. Transition Zone.

12. Carex disperma Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 8: 266. 1824.
Type locality: Massachusetts.

Range: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California.
New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains. Transition Zone.

13. Carex interior Bailey, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 426. 1893.

Type locality: "Bogs and swamps in the interior country from Maine to Minnesota

and Kansas."

Range: Maine to Minnesota, Florida, and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Winsors Ranch (Standley 4254). Transition Zone

14. Carex bolanderi Olney, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 393. 1868.
Carex deiueyana bolanderi Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 236. 1880.

Type locality: "California, Yosemite Valley, and Mariposa Bigtree grove."
Range: British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and western New Mexico.
New Mexico: Mogollon Creek (Metcalfe 286). Damp ground.

15. Carex subfusca Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 234. 1880.

Carex macloviana subfusca Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38: 197. 1909.
Type locality: "Lake Tahoe (Kellogg), and near Virginia City, Nevada, Bloomer."
Range: Washington to California, east to western New Mexico.
New Mexico: Bear Mountains (Rusby 423). Wet ground.

16. Carex festiva Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 29: 246. pi. w.f. 71. 1836.
Type locality: "At Lear Lake and on the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British America to Mexico.

New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Mogollon ''reek; Ruidoso; Truchafl Peak; Chama;
Tierra Amarilla. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone.

17. Carex ebenea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 266. 1901.
Type locality: Pikes Peak, Colorado.

Ranoe: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah and New Mexico.

New Mexico: TruchasPeak; Pecos Baldy. Meadows, in the Antic Alpine Zone.

18. Carex tenuirostris Olney, Amer. Nat. 8: 214. 1871.
Type locality: Western Wyoming.

Range: Rocky Mountains, south to northwestern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley Tiii'iit.

19. Carex scoparia Schkuhr; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 230. 1805.
Tvi'K locality: "Habital in America boreali."

Ranch: British America to Washington, New Mexico, and Florida.

New Mexico: West. Pork of the Gila | Metcalfe ■".77.) Transition Zone.

20. Carex festucacea brevior (Dewey) Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 37: 177. pi.
S.f. 49-61. 1902.

Carex straminea brevior Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 11: L68. 1826.
Type logautt: "In Missouri."

122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Range: British Columbia to New England, south to Arkansas and northern New
Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama; Sierra Grande. Transition Zone.

21. Carex wootoni Mackenz. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 65": 1. 1915.

Type locality: San Francisco Mountains, New Mexico.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Chama; Sawyers Peak; Winter Folly.

22. Carex obtusata Liljebl. Bih. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 14: 69. pi. 4- 1793.
Type locality: "Habitat Oelandiae, prope Kjoping, in locis apricis, arenosis,

rarius."

Range: British America to Colorado and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Winsor Creek (Standley). Transition Zone.

23. Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. PI. 2: 204. 1818.

Type locality: ' 'Dry plains and gravelly hills of the Missouri."

Range: British America to Nebraska, New Mexico, and California.

New Mexico: Santa Fe; Las Vegas. Dry plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

24. Carex heliophila Mackenz. Torreya 13: 15. 1913.

Type locality: Open prairie, near Lee's Summit, Jackson County, Missouri.
Range: New Mexico and Wyoming to Iowa and Illinois.

New Mexico: Chama; Tierra Amarilla; Nutritas Creek; Glorieta; Raton. Open
plains and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

25. Carex geophila Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 546. 1913.

Type locality: Tierra Amarilla, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Type collected
by W. W. Eggleston (no. 6584).
Range: Mountains of western New Mexico.
New Mexico: Tierra Amarilla; Chama; Mogollon Mountains.

26. Carex pityophila Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 545. 1913.

Type locality: Southeast of Tierra Amarilla, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Type collected by W. W. Eggleston (no. 6605).
Range: Northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Near Tierra Amarilla. Upper Sonoran Zone.

27. Carex capillaris elongata Olney; Fernald, Proc Amer. Acad. 37: 509. 1902.
Type locality: Twin Lakes, Colorado.

Range: British America to New Mexico and New York.

New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Grass Mountain. Canadian and Hudsonian zones.

28. Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. PI. 2: 205. 1818.
Type locality: On the shores of Lake Michigan.

Range: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
New Mexico: Chama: Grass Mountain; Winsors Ranch. Meadows, in the Transi-
tion and Canadian zones.

29. Carex scopulorum Holm, Amer. Journ. Sci. 14: 421./. 1-6. 1902.
Type locality: Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado.

Range: Wet ground, Washington and Montana to Colorado.

So far not collected in New Mexico, but doubtless to be found on the high moun-
tains in the northern part of the State.

30. Carex kelloggii Boottin S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 240. 1880.
Type locality: In the Sierra Nevada at Alta, California.
Range: Alaska to California, east to Utah and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6844).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OP NEW MEXICO. 123

31. Carex variabilis Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 18. 1889.
Type locality: Colorado.

Range: Montana and Idaho to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek; Spirit Lake; Pecos Baldy; Truchaa Peak. Tran-
sition to Arctic-Alpine Zone.

32. Carex emoryi Dewey; Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 230. 1859.
Type locality: "On the upper Rio Grande." Type collected by Bigelow.
Range: Southern New Mexico and western Texas.

New Mexico: Mesilla Valley (Metcalfe). Along ditches, in the Lower Sonoran
Zone.

33. Carex nebraskensis Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 18: 102. 1854.
Carex nebraskensis praevia Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21:3. 1896.

Carex jamesii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 398. 1836, not Schwein. 1824.

Type locality: Nebraska.

Range: Washington and Nebraska to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Taos.

34. Carex halleri Gunn. Fl. Norveg. no. 849. 1766-72.
Type locality: Mountains of Norway.

Range: British America to Oregon, Minnesota, and New Mexico; also in Europe
and Asia.

New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek (Standley 4183). Damp meadows, Canadian to
Arctic-Alpine Zone.

35. Carex nova Bailey, Lond. Journ. Bot. 26: 322. 1888.

Type locality: "Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado and southward."
Range: Wyoming and New Mexico to California.

New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak; Spirit Lake. Meadows and damp
woods, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones.

36. Carex bella Bailey, Bot, Gaz. 17: 152. 1892.

Type locality: "Mountains, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. -

Range: Wyoming to Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.

New Mexico: Near the head of the Nambe (Standley 4431). ( ianadian Zone.

37. Carex ultra Bailey, Proc Amer. Acad. 22: 83. 1886.

Carex spissa ultra Kukenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38: 422. L909.

Type locality: Southern Arizona.

Range: Southern Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Head of Guadalupe Canyon mar Cloverdale | Mearns 3'

38. Carex lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 175. 1803.
Carex fil i/or mis lati/olia Boeckel. Linnaea 41: -309. L876.

Carex lasiocarpa lanuginosa Kukenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38: 748. L909.

Type locality: "Ad lacus Mistassins," Canada.

Range: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California.

Xkw Mkxico: Chama; I'onchuelo Creek; Winsors Ranch; I. as Vegas; Jewett; M
dalena Mountains; (Irani County; Gilmores Ranch. Wei ground, in the Transition
Zone.

39. Carex atherodes Spreng. Nysl. Veg. 3: 828. 1826.

Type locality: Arctic America.

Ranch;: British America to New York, Nebraska, and New Mexico.

New Mkxico: Near Kurt Defiance {I'alnur).

124 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

40. Carex hystricina Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 282. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in humidis Pennsylvaniae."
Range: British America to Georgia, Nebraska, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: North Percha Creek (Metcalfe 1122).

41. Carex rostrata Stokes in With. Bot. Arr. Veg. Brit. ed. 2. 2: 1059. 1787.
Type locality: "Bogs of Isla, and on Bentelkerny and Breadalbane," England.
Range: British America to California, New Mexico, and New York; also in Europe.
New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Silver Spring Canyon; Chama. Bogs, Transition to

Arctic-Alpine Zone.

9. KOBRESIA Willd.

Slender tufted perennial with erect culms and solitary spikes; spikelets 1 or
2-fiowered, spicate; perigynium none; stigmas 3; achenes obtusely 3-angled, sessile.

1. Kobresia beUardi (All.) Degland in Loisel. Fl. Gall. 2: 626. 1807.

Carex bellardi All. Fl. Pedem. 2: 264. pi. 92. f. 2. 1785.

Kobresia scirpina Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 205. 1805.

Elyna spicata Schrad. FL Germ. 1: 155. 1806.

Elyna bellardi Koch, Linnaea 21: 616. 1848.

Type locality: European.

Range: Arctic America, south in the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico;
also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Woot on). Wet ground.

Order 11. ARALES.
15. LEMNACEAE. Duckweed Family.

Small unattached aquatics, the plant body a thallus, rooting from beneath.

key to the genera.

Roots several from a prominently nerved thallus 1. Spirodela (p. 124).

Root solitary from a faintly nerved thallus 2. Lemna (p. 142).

1. SPIRODELA Schleid.

Thallus disk-shaped, 7 to 12-nerved, 2 to 10 mm. long, bearing a single cluster of
4 to 16 elongated roots; spathe saclike; ovary 2-ovuled; fruit unknown.

1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392. 1839.
Lemna polyrhiza L. Sp. PL 970. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae paludibus fossis."

Range: In still water throughout most of North America and in the Old World.
Reported by Mr. J. R. Watson from "ponds about the fair grounds, Albuquerque." 1

2. LEMNA L. Duckweed.

Thallus disk-shaped, usually provided with a central nerve, with or without lateral
ones, each with a single root; ovary with 1 to 6 ovules; fruit ovoid, more or less ribbed.

key to the species.

Fronds long-stipitate, narrowly oblong, 6 to 10 mm. long, mostly sub-
merged, often forming large masses 1. L. trisulca.

Fronds not stipitate, broadly elliptic to obovate, 3 mm. long or less,
floating.

Fronds obovate, 3 mm. long; fruit more or less lenticular 2. L. minor.

Fronds elliptic or oblong, 2 mm. long or less; fruit elongated 3. L. minima.

1 Bull. Univ. N. Mex. 49: 94. 1908.

WOOTON" AND STANDLEY FLOKA OF NEW MEXICO. 125

1. Lemna trisulca L. Sp. PL 970. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europe sub aquis pigris puris."

Range: Throughout North America, Asia, and Europe.

New Mexico: Mountains west of San Antonio; Mimbres. Floating in water.

2. Lemna minor L. Sp. PI. 970. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae aquis quietis."
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.

New Mexico: Santo Domingo; Sycamore Creek; mountains northeast of Santa
Rita; Mule Creek; Nutritas Creek. Floating in water.

3. Lemna minima Phil. Linnaea 33: 239. 1864, name only ; Hegelm. Lenin. 138. 1868.
Type locality: Chile.

Range: Southwestern United States to South America.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila {Metcalfe 407). Floating in water.

Order 12. XYRIDALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Calyx and corolla free, of very different members;

stamens free 16. COMMELINACEAE (p. 125).

Calyx and corolla partly united, of similar mem-
bers; stamens partly adnate to the perianth. 17. PONTEDERIACEAE (p. 126).

16. COMMELINACEAE. Spiderwort Family.

Herbs with simple or branched stems and fibrous or fleshy roots; leaves sheathing
at the base, the uppermost often dissimilar and forming a spathe about the flowers;
flowers blue or purple; sepals 3, persistent; petals 3; stamens 6, hypogynous; capsule
2or3-celled.

key to the genera.

Perfect stamens 3 or 2; bracts spatheltke; petals dissimi-
lar; filaments naked 1. Commelina (p. 125).

Perfect stamens 6 or 5; bracts like the foliage leaves;

petals similar; filaments hairy 2. Tuadescantia (p. 126).

1. COMMELINA L. Dayflower.

Perennial herbs with tuberous roots in clusters, sheathing petioles, and linear, more
or less succulent leaves; flowers blue, open for only a few hours in the morning.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Floral bracts abruptly long-acuminate, 3 to (! cm. long, glabrous or
puberulent; stems frequently simple, never much branched;
petals all blue 1. C dianthjfolia.

Floral bracts short, 2 cm. long or less, usually with long divergent

hairs on the sides; stems much branched; one petal white 2. C. crispa.

1. Commelina dianthifolia Delile in Red. [iliac. 7: />l. 390. L801.
Commelina linearis Benth. I'l. Hartw. 27. 1839.
Commelina linearis longispatha Torr. U. 8. A: Mex. Bound. Bot. 224. I
Tyim; locality: Described from cultivated plants.
Range: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico.
Nkw Mexico: Common in all the higher mountains from the I . I m nt a inn

to the Capitan Mountains and westward aCTOSB lie- Male I l |"'" slopes, in the Tran-
sit inn Zone.

The type of C. linearis longispatha came from the < opper Mines.

126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Commelina crispa Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 451. 1898.
Commelina virginica of many authors, not L.

Type locality: At the base of the Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected
by Wooton (no. 545).

Range : Colorado and Missouri to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Rita; Dog Spring; Tortugas Mountain; Organ Mountains;
Jarilla Junction; Knowles; Nara Visa; Carrizozo; Orogrande. Dry plains and hills, in
the Lower Sonoran Zone.

2. TRADE SCANTIA L. Spiderwort.

Perennial herbs with simple or branched erect stems, narrow elongated leaves,
and showy flowers in terminal umbel-like cymes subtended by leaflike bracts; sepals

3, distinct, herbaceous; petals 3, sessile, blue.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Plants small, 25 cm. high or less; sheaths strongly pubescent,
especially along the margins; roots tuberous, the tubers

attached along a creeping rootstock ' 1. T. pinetorum.

Plants larger, 30 to 60 cm. high; sheaths glabrous; roots somewhat
fleshy, fascicled.
Plants sparingly branched, green; sepals and pedicels densely

glandular-pubescent 2. T. occidentals.

Plants much branched, glaucous; sepals and pedicels sparingly

glandular 3. T. scopulorum.

1. Tradescantia pinetorum Greene, Erythea 1: 247. 1893.
Tradescantia tuberosa Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 185. 1881, not Roxb. 1798.

Type locality: Pinos Altos Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by E. L.
Greene.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; San Luis Mountains;
Tularosa Creek. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. Tradescantia occidentalis Britton, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 87. 1900.
Tradescantia virginica occidentalis Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 1: 377. 1896.
Type locality: "Wisconsin to Missouri, Texas, and New Mexico."

R a \ge: As ab ove .

New Mexico: Hills near Clayton {Bartlett 235, 252). Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Tradescantia scopulorum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 205. 1899.
Type locality: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona.

Range: Western Nebraska and Montana to Arizona and western Texas.
New Mexico: Gallup; Zuni Reservation; Organ Mountains; East Canyon. Dry
hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

17. PONTEDERIACEAE. Pickerel-weed Family.

1. HETEEANTHEEA Willd. Mud plantain.

Succulent herb with branched stems, numerous oval or ovate long-petioled leaves,
and small white or blue flowers in 1-flowered spathes; lobes of the perianth linear;
stamens 3, equal; fruit an ovoid many-seeded capsule.

1. Heteranthera limosa (.Swartz) Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 3: 439.
1801.

Pontederia limosa Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 57. 1788.

Type locality: "Jam. Hispaniola."

Range: Virginia to New Mexico, southward through Tropical America.

New Mexico: Santa Rita; Middle Fork of the Gila. In mud or shallow water.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 127

Order 13. LILIALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Styles wanting 18. CALOCHORTACEAE (p. 127).

Styles present.

Styles distinct 19. MELANTHACEAE (p. 128).

Styles united.

Capsules septic idal; petals and sepals very unlike.

18. CALOCHORTACEAE (p. 127).
Capsules loculicidal; sepals and petals nearly alike.

Sepals and petals chaffy 20. JTJNCACEAE (p. 130).

Sepals and petals not chaffy.

Shrubby plants with caudices, or trees.

21. DRACAENACEAE (p. 135).
Herbs with bulbs, corms, or rootstocks.

Plants with elongated horizontal rootstocks.

22. CONVALLARIACEAE (p. 138).
Plants with bulbs or corms or short erect rootstocks.

Flowers in umbels, at first included in and later subtended

by a scarious involucre 23. ALLIACEAE (p. 140).

Flowers solitary or racemose (in Leucocrinum by the
shortening of the axis apparently umbellate), without
involucres.

Plants from bulbs or corms 24. LILIACEAE (p. 143).

Plants from elongated tuberous roots.

25. ASPHODELACEAE (p. 144).

18. CALOCHORTACEAE. Mariposa lily Family.

1. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. Mariposa lily.

Low bulbous plants with narrow grasslike leaves; flowers large, showy, pale yellow,
lilac, or bright yellow, borne on slender glabrous scapes.
Several species are not rare in cultivation.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers bright yellow; plants low, 8 to 20 cm.; gland at the base of

the petals longer than broad; anthers obtuse 1. C. aureus.

Flowers pale yellow to lilac; plants taller, 20 to 40 cm.; glands and
anthers various.
Anthers obtuse; glands orbicular or nearly so; petals 35 mm.

long or less • 2. C. iiultiillii.

Anthers very acute; glands much broader than long; petals 35

to 40 mm. long 3. C. gunmaonU.

1. Calochortus aureus S. Wats. Amer. Nat. 7: 303. 1873.

Type locality: " On sand-cliffs, Southern Utah."

Range: Southern I tali to Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Fort Wingate; Gallup; Farmington. * open hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

One of the low< -t Bpecies of the genus, seldom exceeding a height of 20 cm.; Li
slender, very long for the size of the plant, of ten recurved; probably the handsomest
of our Bpecies.

128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray, U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 124. 1855.
Type locality: "Summit of Noble's Pass, Sierra Nevada."

Range: Montana to New Mexico, west to California.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Silver City; Tunitcha Mountains. Transition and
Canadian zones.

A taller plant than the preceding and with less handsome but more numerous
lilac flowers.

3. Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 346. 1871.
Calochortus gunnisonii perpulcher Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 29: 281. 1900.

Type locality: Rocky Mountains of Colorado.

Range: Montana and Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Chusca Mountains;
Ramah; Mogollon Mountains. Meadows in the mountains, in the Transition and
Canadian zones.

Similar to the last in general appearance but with different anthers and glands.
The plants from the Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains have larger and yellower
flowers than those from other parts of New Mexico. To this form Prof. T. D. A.
Cockerell gave the subspecific name perpulcher. His type was collected at Harveys
Ranch.

19. MELANTHACEAE. Bunch-flower Family.

Perennial caulescent or scapose herbs, with elongated or bulblike rootstocks; leaves
alternate, often all basal; flowers polygamous or dioecious, regular, in terminal spikes,
racemes, or panicles, or solitary; perianth usually inconspicuous; sepals and petals
distinct or nearly so; filaments often adnate to the base of the sepals and petals; ovary
superior or slightly inferior; styles distinct.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Stems tall, 1 meter high or more, from rootstocks; leaves

large, oval 1. Veratrtjm (p. 128).

Stems low, less than 50 cm. high, from elongated bulbs;
leaves linear.
Perianth segments without glands, narrowly linear,

2 to 3 mm. long, greenish 2. Schoenocaulon (p. 129).

Perianth segments gland-bearing, not linear, 5 mm.
long or more, white.
Ovary partly inferior; glands obcordate; flow-
ers 1 cm. long or more, not crowded 3. Anticlea (p. 129).

Ovary superior; glands obovate or semiorbicu-
lar; flowers less than 1 cm. long,
crowded 4. Toxicoscoroion (p. 130).

1. VERATRTJM L. Skunk cabbage.

Tall coarse perennial herb, 1.5 meters high or less, from thick rootstocks; leaves
broad, sessile, strongly veined; flowers rather large, in a broad terminal panicle;
perianth of 6 similar distinct elliptic-oblong segments; capsules 3-beaked, the per-
sistent styles divergent.

1. Veratrum speciosuxn Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 531. 1900.

Type locality: Bridger Mountains, Montana.

Range: Montana and Washington to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Winsor Creek; Pecos Baldy; Willow Creek;
White Mountain Peak. Wet meadows in the mountains, Transition to Hudsonian
Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 129

A common and very characteristic plant of the mountains of the northern part
of the State, often thickly covering large areas of open marshy land. It is some-
times eaten by sheep, with fatal results. The common name given in the books is
"false hellebore," but in New Mexico it is always known as "skunk cabbage,"
although it is very unlike the plant which bears that name in tne eastern United
States.

2. SCHOENOCAULON A. Gray.

Low plant with a slender scape from a black fibrous-coated elongated bulb; leaves
all radical, pale green, long, grasslike; flowers perfect, pale green, almost sessile in
a spikelike raceme; capsules about 12 mm. long, with 4 to 6-seeded cells.

1. Schoenocaulon drummondii A. Gray; Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey Voy. 388.
1841.
Schoenocaulon texanum Scheele, Linnaea 25: 262. 1852.
Type locality: Southwestern Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico.
New Mexico: Ten miles west of Roswell (Wooton). Dry hills and plains.

3. ANTICLEA Kunth.

Glabrous herbs from tunicated bulbs, the stems scapose, or bearing a few leaves;
flowers of medium size, ochroleucous, greenish; perianth segments similar, each bear-
ing an obcordate gland near the base; inflorescence open, loose, few-flowered.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Inflorescence paniculate, widely branched, glaucous; pedicels slen-
der, divergent, 2 or more times the length of the subtending

bracts; petals about 5 mm. long 1. A. porri/olia.

Inflorescence racemose, sometimes with a few short branches below,
green; pedicels stout, erect or ascending, of about the same
length as the subtending bracts; petals 5 to 8 mm. long.

Perianth segments 7 to 8 mm. long," 7 to 13-nerved 2. A . elegans.

Perianth segments 5 to G mm. long, 3 to 7-nerved 3. A. coloradensis.

1. Anticlea porrifolia (Greene) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 273. 1903.
Zygadenus porrifolius Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 8: 123. 1881.

Type locality: "Mogollon Mountains, near the summits," New Mexico. Type
collected by Greene in 1881.

Range: Southwestern New Mexico to Chihuahua.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Lookout Mines. Mountains, in the C anadi a n
Zone.

2. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. Bull. Toney Club 30: U7:i. 1903.
Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 241. 1814.

Zygadenus dilatatus Greene, PI. Baker. 1: 51. 1901.

Type locality: "On the waters of the Cokahlaiahkil rivrr. near the Rocky
mountains."

Range: Alaska and Saskatchewan to Nevada and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa IV and Las Vegas mountains; Baldy; White Moun-
tains. Damp woods, in the ' anadian and Budsonian .-

3. Anticlea coloradensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 273 L90 I
Zygadenus eoloradenria Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 534. HKX).
Tytk locality: Idaho Springs, Colorado.

Range: Utah and Colorado to northwestern Ne* M< uco.
N>;w Mexico; Tunitcha Mountains (Standby 7654). Meadows in the mountains,
in the Transition Zone.

76°— 15 9

130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. Death cam ass.

Plants much as in the preceding genus, but the flowers smaller and much more
numerous, the perianth segments with obovate or semiorbicular glands, and the
ovary wholly superior instead of partly inferior.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Plants stout; leaves 10 to 15 mm. wide; inflorescence paniculate,

widely branching 1. T. panieulatum .

Plants slender; leaves about 5 mm. wide (strongly falcate); in-
florescence racemose, little or not at all branched 2. T.fahatum.

1. Toxicoscordion panieulatum (S. Wats.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 272.

1903.
Zygadenus paniculatus S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 343. 1871.
Type locality: "Oregon and Washington Territory."

Range: Montana and Washington to California and northwestern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Matthews). Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

2. Toxicoscordion falcatum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 272. 1903.
Zygadenus falcatus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 536. 1900.

Type locality: Fort Collins, Colorado.

Range: Colorado and northwestern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Aztec (Baker 260). Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

20. JUNCACEAE. Rush Family.

Grasslike plants, annuals or perennials, tufted or from rootstocks, with terete solid
stems; leaves various, the sheaths open or closed, the margins sometimes produced
into auriculate ligule-like organs, the blades flat or terete or wanting; inflorescence
of terminal heads, spikes, or panicles, usually bracted; flowers regular, mostly com-
plete, 3-merous; sepals and petals 3 each, more or less glumelike; stamens 3 or 6;
ovary superior, 1 or 3-celled, forming a 1-celled or 3-celled capsule with 3 to many seeds.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Leaf sheaths open; capsules 1 or 3-celled; seeds many 1. Juncus (p. 130).

Leaf sheaths closed; capsules 1-celled; seeds 3 2. Juncoides (p. 134).

1. JUNCUS L. Rush.

Chiefly perennial herbs of wet soil, with pithy or hollow, usually simple stems;
leaf sheaths open; flowers cymose or glomerate, small, greenish or brownish; capsule
3-celled or rarely 1-celled, the seeds numerous, often appendaged.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lower bract of the inflorescence terete, erect, appearing as an
elongation of the stem; inflorescence apparently lateral.
Flowers few, 1 to 5, one of them subsessile, the others pedi-

celed 1. J. drummondii.

Flowers several, in a more or less compound panicle.

Plants slender; bracts extending considerably beyond

the inflorescence; basal sheaths without blades. . . 2. «/. balticus.
Plants stout; bracts short, extending little if at all beyond
the inflorescence; uppermost basal sheath bearing
a scapiform blade 3. /. mexicanus.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 131

Lower bracts not appearing as a continuation of the stems, or
if so channeled on the upper surface; inflorescence ter-
minal.
Leaves septate, sometimes equitant, the septa sometimes
poorly developed and hard to see in dried material.
Leaves terete, not equitant.

Capsules narrowly lanceolate; inflorescence with
short branches; flowers echinate-sp reading, or
the lowest of the head re flexed.
Heads 7 to 8 mm. in diameter; leaf blades erect;

petals usually longer than the sepals 4. /. nodosus.

Heads more than 10 mm. in diameter; leaf blades
usually spreading; petals shorter than the

sepals 5. /. torreyi.

Capsules oblong; inflorescence with elongated
branches (in J", mertensianus a single head);
flowers erect or ascending.
Heads several; leaves terete; seeds not caudate.. 6. /. badius.
Heads solitary or rarely 2 or 3; leaves somewhat

flattened; seeds mostly caudate 7. J. mertensianus.

Leaves equitant, laterally flattened, with one edge
toward the stem.
Flower clusters numerous, small, 5 to 12-flowered,

generally light-colored 8. J. brunnesenw.

Flower clusters few, larger, 15 to 25-flowered,
usually dark-colored.
Perianth segments green-margined; ligules

usually not auricled 9. /. parous.

Perianth segments fuscous or dark brown;

ligules produced into small auricles 10. J. saximontanus.

Leaves neither septate nor equitant.

Leaves hollow; flowers few, in small head..

Stems leafy only at base; perianth about 4 mm.
long; lower bracts of inflorescence mem-
branous II. ./. triglumis.

Stems leafy throughout; perianth segments 5 to 6

mni. long; lower bracts foliaceous L2. ./. castaneus.

Leaves not hollow; flowers numerous.

Flowers no< bracteolate, in true heads en bran< I

el" the infiori -< on. . ; leav< broad and grass-
like L3. J. kmgistylis.

Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly on the branches

tif the inflorescence; leaves narrowly linear,

flat, or subterete and channeled.

Annual; stems branched 14. J. bu/onius.

Perennials; stems simple.

Auricles cartilaginous, yellowish brown;
bracts usually elongated, much <\

ding the inflorescence 15. J.dudl

Auricles Bcarious or membranaceous; bracts

usually much shorter, hardly •

ceeding the inflorescence.

132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Auricles conspicuously produced be-
yond the point of insertion.
Stems stout; leaves short and
broad; perianth 4 mm. long,
scarious at base; cymes

open 16. /. brachyphyllus.

Stems slender; leaves long and nar-
row; perianth 3.5 to 4 mm.
long, scarious to the apex;

cymes dense 17 . /. con/usus.

Auricles scarcely produced beyond the
point of insertion.
Perianth segments about equaling
the capsule, 3 to 4 mm.

long 18. J. interior.

Perianth segments mostly exceed-
ing the capsule, 4 to 5 mm.
long 19. J. arizonicus.

1. Juncus drummondii E. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 235. 1853.
Juncus arcticus Willd. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 189. 1838.
Type locality: "At a great elevation on the Rocky Mountains."

Range: British America to California and northern New Mexico; also in Europe
and Asia.

New Mexico: Spirit Lake; Truchas Peak. Bogs, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-
Alpine zones.

2. Juncus balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 3: 298. 1809.
Type locality: "An den sandigen Meeresufern bei Warnemunde," Germany.
Range: Alaska and British America to California, New Mexico, and New York;

also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Dulce; Chama; Farmington; Taos; Baldy; Winsors
Ranch; Jewett; Gallo Spring; Lone Mountain; Berendo Creek; Mesilla Valley; Silver
Spring Canyon. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

3. Juncus mexicanus Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 178. 1829.
Juncus balticus mexicanus Parish, Muhlenbergia 6: 119. 1910.

Type locality: "In Mexico."
Range: Texas and Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Cloverdale; White Sands; Carrizozo; Malones Ranch. Wet ground,
in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

4. Juncus nodosus L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 466. 1762.

Type locality: "Habitat in America septentrionali."
Range: British America to Nevada and Virginia.

New Mexico: Farmington; near Peco6; Castle Rock. Wet ground, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

5. Juncus torreyi Coville, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 303. 1895.
Juncus nodosus megacephalus Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 326. 1843.

Juncus megacephalus Wood, Bot. & Flor. ed. 2. 724. 1861, not Curtis, 1835.

Type locality: "On the shores of Lake Ontario."

Range: British Columbia and New York to California and Texas.

New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Dulce; Las Vegas; Zuni Reservation; Albu-
querque; Pecos; Berendo Creek; Silver City; Mesilla Valley; Carrizozo; Mescalero
Agency. Wet ground, Lower Sonoran to Transition Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 133

6. Juncus badius Suksd. Deutsch. Bot. Monatschr. 19: 92. 1901.
Juncus truncatus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 399. 1904.

Type locality: "Im Falkenthal ira westl. Teil von Klickitat County," Wash-
ington.

Range: Washington and Wyoming to northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains {Standley 7565). Wet ground, in the Transition
Zone.

7. Juncus mertensianus Bong. Mern. Acad. St. P4tersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2:

167. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Spirit Lake (Standley 4397). Bogs, in the Hudsonian Zone.

8. Juncus brunnescens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 400. 1904.

Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 481. 1868, in part.

Type locality: Pagosa Springs, Colorado.

Range: Nevada and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; mountains west of Grants
Station; Pecos; Bear Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Rio Mimbres; Cloverdale;
Guadalupe Canyon; Ruidoso Creek. Wet meadows, in the Transition Zone.

9. Juncus parous Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 401. 1904.
Type locality: Fort Garland, Colorado.

Range: Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Dulce; mountains west of Grants Station; Rio Pueblo; Middle Fork
of the Gila; Silver Spring Canyon; Organ Mountains; White Mountains; (arrizozo.
Wet meadows, in the Transition Zone.

10. Juncus saximontanus A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 401. 1902.

Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trana. Acad. St. Louis 2: 481. 1868, in part.
Type locality: Colorado.
Range: British America to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Middle Fork of the Gila; Chama; White Mountain Peak. Wet mead-
ows in the mountains, in the Transition Zone.

11. Juncus triglumis L. Sp. PI. 328. L753.

Type locality: "Habitat frequens in Alpibus Lapponicis, Tauro Rastadiensi."
Range: British America to New Mexico and New York; also in Europe and Asia.
New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Stayidley 4764). Wet meadows, in the Budsonian
and Arctic-Alpine zones.

12. Juncus castaneus J. E. Smith, I'l. Brit. 1: 383. 1800.

TvrE locality: "In paludosis alpinis Scotiae, solo micaceo. On Ben Lawer."

Range: British America to Colorado ami New Mexico; also in the Old World.
New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 1771, 4770). Meadows, in the Antic Alpine
Zone.

13. Juncus longistyUs Torr. U. s. & Hex. Bound. Bot. 223 1858

Type locality: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected bj Bigekm

K.w.i : B] itisfa A merica to < laliforniu and .New Mexico.

New Mexico: Dulce; Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; ( bama; v.
Ranch; Santa Fe; Rio Pueblo; Jewetl Spring; Copper Mine-. White Mountain-' Wei
ground, in the Transition and I 'anadian zones.

14. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. i'l 328 I
Tyi'e locality: European.
Range: Nearly < a anopolil in

134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Chama; north of Ramah; Santa Fe Creek. Wet ground, in the
Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

15. Juncus dudleyi Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 524. 1900.
Type locality: Truxton, New York.

Range: Washington and Maine to Mexico.

New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; Pecos; Ramah; Jewett Spring;
Bear Mountains. Meadows, in the Transition Zone.

16. Juncus brachyphyllus Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 519. 1900.

Type locality: "Upper Platte," Colorado. This was originally cited as "Arkan-
sas," which is altogether wrong.

Range: Mountains, Idaho to Colorado and New Mexico.

We have seen no material of this, but it is probable that one of the cotypes, although
cited as coming from "Arkansas," really came from within our limits. 1

17. Juncus confusus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 10: 127. 1896.
Type locality: In an irrigated meadow, North Park, Colorado.
Range: Montana and Wyoming to Colorado and northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7547). Wet ground, in the Tran-
sition Zone.

18. Juncus interior Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 516. 1900.
Type locality: Richmond, Illinois.

Range: Wyoming and Illinois to New Mexico and Missouri.

New Mexico: Johnsons Mesa; Mogollon Creek; McKinneys Park; Kingston; Gil-
mores Ranch. Meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

19. Juncus arizonicus Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 517. 1900.

Type locality: Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Thurber.

Range: Colorado and Arizona to Texas.

New Mexico: Chama; Sierra Grande; Taos; Bear Mountains; Lorenzo Spring;
Organ Mountains; San Luis Mountains; White Mountains. Meadows, in the Upper
Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Wood rush.

Slender perennial grasslike herbs, often hairy, with flat leaves, the leaf sheaths
closed; flowers small, spicate, glomerate, or umbellate; capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded.

key to the species.

Flowers on slender pedicels in corymbiform panicles 1. J. parviflorum.

Flowers in crowded spikelike clusters.

Spikelets peduncled, forming a corymb 2. J. intermedium .

Spikelets subsessile, forming a compound spike 3. /. spicatu in .

1. Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893.
Juncus parviflorus Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 6: 139. 1791.

Luzula parviflora Desv. Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1: 144. 1808.
Type locality: European.

Range: Alaska and British America to California, New Mexico, and New York.
New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek; Pecos Baldy. Meadows, Transition to Arctic-
Alpine Zone.

2. Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 610. 1905.
Juncus intermedius Thuill. Fl. Env. Paris ed. 2. 178. 1799.

Juncus muUifiorus Ehrh.; Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 169. 1800, Dot Retz. 1795.

1 See, Bartlett, H. H. Rhodora 11: 156. 1909.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 135

Type locality: Near Paris, France.
Range: British America to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: "Winsors Ranch (Slandley 4167). Damp woods, in the Canadian
Zone.

3. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 725. 1891.

Juncus spicatus L. Sp. PI. 330. 1753.

Luzula spicata DC. & Lam. Fl. Franc. 3: 161. 1805.

Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponiae Alpibus."

Range: Temperate North America; also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak; Baldy. Meadows, in the Arctic-
Alpine Zone.

21. DRACAENACEAE. Yucca Family.

Shrubby plants or trees with woody caudices copiously furnished with narrow rigid
leaves; flowers in racemes or panicles terminating scapes or scapelike stems; perianth
greenish or white, the sepals and petals similar; gyncecium of :; united carpels; ovary
superior, 1 to 3-celled; styles united, sometimes very short or obsolete during anthesis;
ovules 2 to several or many in each cell; fruit a loculicidal capsule, or berry-like and
indehiscent.

KEY to the genera.

Flowers perfect 1. Yucca (p. 135).

Flowers dioecious or polygamo-dioecious.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in open panicles; ovary

3-celled; stamens included 2. Nolixa (p. 137).

, Flowers dioecious, in dense panicles; ovary 1-celled;

stamens exserted 3. Dasylirion (p. 138).

1. YUCCA L. Yucca.

Thick-stemmed (in several species the stems short and mostly subterranean) peren-
nials with narrow, mostly rigid, sharp-pointed leaves and large panicles or racemes of
white campanulate flowers; fruit a 3-celled capsule, this dry or sometimes baccate
and flei by.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

L( aves l<> mm. wide <>r less.

Stems conspicuous in old plants, reaching a height of 3 to
4 meters, nuked below, clothed with a tuft of leaves

above; inflorescence a much branched panicle 1. Y.elata.

Stems short, mostlj subterranean, covered with leaves to
the base; inflorescence racemose, sometimes with a
few branches.
Flowers large, 6 cm. long or more; style oblong, white. . 2. Y. baileyi.
Blowers small, I em. long or less; style swollen at the
1ki.sc, greenish.
Leaves narrow, 6 nun. wide or Less, very thick,

ely filif erous 3. Y.glauca.

l,i aves broader, S to lit nun. wide, thin, al.undanth

filiferous I. F". neomexieana.

Leaves broader, L5 to -' ( > nun. wide

Fruit dehiscent; plants acaulescent i I karrimaniae.

Fruit indehiscent; plants caulescent ora< lulescent.

Stem; short, 20 cm. high or less, leaf] to the bfi
perianth segments nanow h lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm.

fruit large, 12 to 15 cm long, very pulpy . . > I

136 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Stems taller, 1.5 to 5 meters high ; perianth segments
elliptic, 2 to 4 cm. long; fruit smaller, 10 cm. long
or less, only slightly pulpy.
Leaves rigid, rough, yellowish green; filaments

coarse and grayish 7. Y. macrocarpa.

Leaves fbxible, smooth, bluish green, glaucous;
filaments, when present, fine, usually
brownish 8. Y. schottii.

1. Yucca elata Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 17. 1882. Palmilla.
Yucca angustifolia radiosa Engelm. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 496. 1871.
Yucca angustifolia elata Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 50. 1873.

Yucca radiosa Trel. Rep". Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 163. 1892.

Type locality: "Extending from West Texas to Utah, Arizona and Northern
Mexico."

Range: Southern Arizona to western Texas, southward into Mexico.

New Mexico: Fort Bayard; Mimbres River; Dog Spring; Cambray; Hachita;
Deming; mesa west of Organ Mountains; "White Sands; Alamogordo; Mescalero Agency;
Mesquite Lake. Mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

This is the common narrow-leaved Yucca of southern New Mexico, known as "pal-
milla, "or " soapw'eed." The roots, termed "amole, " are often used as a substitute for
soap. The plant has considerable decorative value, but because of its large roots is
difficult to transplant. It is one of the most abundant and characteristic plants of
the Lower Sonoran Zone.

2. Yucca baileyi Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 114. 1913.

Type locality: Dry slope in pine woods in the Tunitcha Mountains, New Mexico.
Type collected by Standley (no. 7638).

Range: Northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; Chusca Mountains. Dry
hills and low mountains, in the Transition Zone, extending down into the Upper
Sonoran.

3. Yucca glauca Nutt. Fraser's Cat. no. 89. 1813. Soapweed.
Yucca angustifolia Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 227. 1814.

Type locality: "Collected 1,600 miles up the Missouri, about lat. 49°."

Range: South Dakota and Wyoming to Missouri and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Raton; Farmington; Sierra Grande; Rosa; Albuquerque; Fairview;
San Augustine Plains; Horse Camp; Pecos. Plains and low hills, chiefly in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

This is the common Yucca of the northern and eastern parts of New Mexico, where
it is often very abundant. The leaves have been used in the manufacture of stable
brooms. The fruits of this, as well as of some of the other dry-fruited species, were
cooked and eaten by some of the Indians.

4. Yucca neomexicana Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 115. 1913.
Type locality: On a volcanic hill about half a mile north of Des Moines, Union

County, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley (no. 6208).
Range: Known only from type locality, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

5. Yucca harrimaniae Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 59. pi. 28, 29, 83. f. 10. 1902.
Type locality: Helper, Utah.

Range: Southern Utah and Colorado to northeastern Arizona and northwestern
New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7314). Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 137

6. Yucca baccata Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859. Datil.
Type locality: High table lands between the Rio Grande and the Gila, New

Mexico.

Range: New Mexico to Colorado and Nevada.

New Mexico: Farmington; Raton; Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Hur-
rah Creek; Santa Fe Canyon; Crawfords Ranch; Socorro; Fairview; Rincon; Carriza-
lillo Mountains; Florida Mountains; Organ Mountains; Burro Mountains; Bear Moun-
tains. Dry hills and high plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The species is the low, stiff-leaved Yucca of the rocky ridges and mesas at the
bases of the mountains. It is the largest flowered of our species. The fruit, too ia
characteristic, somewhat resembling the eastern pawpaw in general appearance. The
Indians of New Mexico slice the ripe fruit and dry it in the sun for use in winter.
When fresh, it has a peculiar sweet taste and is quite palatable.

7. Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 6: 224. 1881. Palma.
Yucca baccata macrocarpa Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859.

Type locality: On the plains of western Texas near the Limpio.

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Silver City; Fort Bayard; Las Cruces; Tortugas Mountain. Mesas
and plains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

This the common broad-leaved Yucca or "dagger" of the mesas of the southern
part of the State. It is used not a little for decorative purposes in this region and ia
very effective. It is easily transplanted and under cultivation becomes 5 to G meters
high. The leaves are used extensively by the various Indians, notably the \] aches,
in their basketry. By using different parts of the leaves, different colors are secured
for forming designs, the outer part of the leaf being greenish yellow and the inner
white.

8. Yucca schottii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 46. 1873.
Type locality: Upper Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona.

Range: Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Indian Canyon, Animas Mountains; San Luis Mountains. Lower
Sonoran Zone.

A little-known arborescent species with smooth, glaucous leaves and pubescent
inflorescence. It is known with us only in the extreme southwesl corner of the State.

2. NOLINA Michx. Beargrakn.

Coarse-leaved perennials, the leaves linear, serrulate; inflorescence of a stout, nearly
naked stem, paniculately branched above; flowers polygamo-dicecious, small, with
whitish oblong-lanceolate .segment.-; stamens Included ; trail Lndehiscent, thin-walled,

willi subglobose seeds.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves 6 mm. wide or less, the edges smoot h 1 . X. grti ru i.

Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide, scabrous on the edges 2. A", tnicrocarpa.

1. Nolina greenei S. Wats ; Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 418. lull
Tvi'K locality: Between the Purgatory and Apeshipa rivers, north of Trinidad,

Colorado.

Range: Southeastern Colorado to X<\\ Mexico.

New Mexico: San Miguel County; White Mountains Dry hills, in the LTpper

Sonoran Zone.

138 CONTBIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HEBBABIUM.

2. Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.

Type locality: "S. Arizona (Rock Canon; Rothrock, n. 278)."

Range: Southwestern New Mexico to southern Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Mimbres River; Big Hatchet Mountains; Silver City; San Luis
Mountains; Dog Mountains; Burro Mountains; Mogollon Creek; Lake Valley; Mag-
dalena Mountains. Dry plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

A specimen collected by Bailey at San Rafael probably belongs here, although the
margins of the leaves have much fewer teeth.

The leaves of this plant were used by the Indians in former times in weaving bas-
kets and mats. They also furnish a fairly good quality of fiber, which may some day
be utilized in making cordage.

3. DASYLIRION Zucc. Sotol.

Dioecious perennials with thick short stems, numerous strap-shaped spiny-margined
leaves, and very numerous small white flowers borne in tall narrow panicles.

The bases of the leaves form a round head about the thick stems, when the ends have
been cut or burned off, and these are used for feeding stock. These heads are roasted
by the native people and used for food and for the manufacture of a drink called
"sotol" which contains from 40 to 50 per cent of alcohol. It has been found practi-
cable to manufacture commercial alcohol from the plant.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Prickles of the leaves mostly recurved; leaves green 1. D. leiophyllum.

Prickles of the leaves directed forward; leaves somewhat glaucous.. 2. D. wheeled.

1. Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm.; Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 433. 1911.
Type locality: Presidio, Texas.

Range: Western Texas to southern New Mexico and southward.
New Mexico: Central; Florida Mountains; Big Hatchet Mountains. Dry hills,
in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

2. Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats, in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6:

272. 1879.

Type locality: Southern Arizona.

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona.

New Mexico: San Mateo Mountains; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Big Hatchet
Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Rincon; mesa near Las Cruces; Organ Mountains;
White Mountains. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

22. CONVALLAKIACEAE. Lily- of- the- valley Family.

Perennial herbs arising from rootstocks, never with bulbs or conns; leaves alternate
(in ours cauline), sometimes reduced to scales; flowers perfect, in terminal racemes or
panicles or axillary in small clusters; perianth segments distinct or more or less united
at the base; pistil 3-parted; fruit a fleshy berry.

key to the genera.

Leaves reduced to scales; branches numerous, filiform 1. Asparagus (p. 139).

Leaves not reduced; stems sparingly branched or simple,
not filiform.

Perianth segments united into a tube 2. Salomonia (p. 139).

Perianth segments distinct.

Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles 3. Vagnera (p. 139).

Flowers terminal or opposite the leaves, solitary
or in few-flowered clusters.

Flowers in terminal, few-flowered clusters 5. Disporum (p. 140).

Flowers solitary opposite the leaves 4. Streptopus (p. 139).

WOOTON AND STANDLEV FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 139

1. ASPARAGUS L. Asparagus.

Tall perennial with much branched stems from thick matted rootstocks; branchlets
capillary, often referred to as leaves, the true leaves reduced to small scales; flowers
small, greenish yellow, axillary, on jointed pedicels.

1. Asparagus officinalis L. Sp. PL 313. 1753.

Type locality: "Habitat in Europae arenosis."

New Mexico: Farmington; Santa Fe; Mesilla Valley.

The cultivated asparagus thrives in New Mexico and is a not uncommon escape in
the valleys.

2. SALOMONIA Heist. Solomon's seal.

Perennial herbs with simple erect stems from creeping rootstocks; leaves sessile
or clasping; flowers axillary, nodding, greenish, on jointed pedicels; ovary 3-celled
with 2 to C ovules in each cell; berry black or blue.

1. Salomonia cobrensis Woot. & Standi. Contr. IT. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 113. 1913.
Type locality: Copper Mines, New Mexico.
Range: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Copper Mines; near Kingston.

3. VA6NERA Adans. False Solomon's seal.

Low plants with running rootstocks, leafy stems, alternate, sessile, lanceolate or
elliptic leaves, small, inconspicuous, paniculate or racemose flowers, and reddish
fruit.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers paniculate; leaves elliptic to oval 1. V. amplexkaulis.

Flowers in a simple raceme; leaves lanceolate 2. V. stellata.

1. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Bot. San Bran. Bay 316. 1894.
Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834.

Sniilacina racemosa amplexicaulis S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 345. L871.

Type locality: '"In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the
Columbia River."

RANGE: British Columbia and Montana to California and New Mexico.

Xi.w Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountain-'; Sandia Mountains; Tunitcha
Mountains; Chama; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; Organ Mountains; White and
Sacramento mountains. Damp woods, in the Transition and Canadian zon<

We have specimens from the Mogollon Mountains in which the leaves are abund-
antly variegated with white.

2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torrey Club G: 111 1894.
Convallaria stellata L. Sp. PI. 310. 1753.

Smilacina stellata Deaf. Ann. Mus. Paris 0:52. 1807.

TYPE LOCALITY: Canada.

Range: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California.

New Me.xko: Santa Fe and I. as Vegas mountains; Magdalena Mountain ; Chama;
Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; White Mountains; Sierra Grande Damp woods,
in the Transition and Canadian zones.

Some of our specimens ma} represent Vagnera liliacea Greene, but we are unable to
ito i he two ■ jx'cies by any constanl chanu ter

4. STREPTOPUS Michx. TwiSTKD-STALB

Perennial from a creeping rootstock, with branched tern md small axillary flo* •
hi h segment acute; fruit a red glol man} eeded berry.

140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DO. & Lam. Fl. Franc. 3: 174. 1805.
Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. PI. 304. 1753.

Type locality: " In Bohemiae, Saxoniae, Delphinatus ruontibus."
Range: British America to Arizona and Pennsylvania.
New Mexico: Winsor Creek {Standley 4200). Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone.

5. DISPORUM Salisb.

Low herb with creeping rootstocks, erect branched stems, and sessile ovate thin
leaves; flowers small, solitary on slender terminal peduncles; perianth narrowly cam-
panulate; fruit a 3 to 6-seeded red berry.

1. Disporum trachycarpum (S. Wats.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL 3: 832. 1883.

Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 344. 1871.

Type locality: Colorado.

Range: British America to South Dakota and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama. Damp woods,
in the Transition and Canadian zones.

23. ALIIACEAE. Onion Family.

Perennial scapose herbs with scaly or reticulate-coated bulbs; leaves few, narrow,
basal; flowers in terminal umbels, at first inclosed in and finally subtended by a
scarious involucre; perianth segments all alike, petaloid, mostly conspicuous, per-
sistent, becoming scarious in fruit; stamens 6; fruit a dry 3-celled capsule.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Perianth segments nearly free (in ours pinkish, fading
lighter); capsule deeply lobed, sometimes crested;

plants strong-scented 1 . Allium (p. 140).

Perianth segments united for one-third their length or
more; capsule not lobed nor crested; plants not
strong-scented .
Perianth campanulate or funnelform, about 1 cm.

long, bluish purple 2. Dipterostemon (p. 143).

Perianth salverform, 3 cm. long, the limb white with

pronounced greenish midribs 3. Milla (p. 143).

1. ALLIUM L. Onion.

Strong-scented herbs with narrow leaves and 1 to several scapes from a coated bulb;
flowers in umbels, sometimes replaced by bulblets; perianth of 6 petaloid, nearly free
segments; fruit a deeply lobed 3-celled capsule.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Outer bulb coats strongly reticulated, the veins separating into
a mat of fibers.

Scapes bulblet-bearing 7. A. sabulicola.

Scapes not bulblet-bearing.
Capsules crested.

Plants tall, 25 to 40 cm.; perianth segments 5 mm.

long, bright rose pink; pedicels slender 8. A. geyeri.

Plants lower, 10 to 15 cm., stouter; perianth seg-
ments 7 or 8 mm. long, pale pink with
prominent midveins; pedicels stout 9. A. deserticola.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 141

Capsules not crested.

Plants slender; pedicels 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth

segments 4 to 5 mm. long, pale 10. A. helhri.

Plants stout; pedicels 13 to 16 mm. long; perianth

segments 6 to 7 mm. long, bright pink 11. A. nuttallii.

Outer bulb coats scaly, not reticulate, the veins never separating
into fibers.
Bulbs without rootstocks; umbels erect; perianth segments
acute or acuminate; stamens not exserted.

Capsule and ovary not crested 4. A. scaposum.

Capsule and ovary crested .

Perianth segments oblong-lanceolate; plants low,

10 to 12 cm. ; bulb coats dark chestnut brown. 5. A. bigelovn.
Perianth segments ovate-lanceolate; plants taller,

18 to 30 cm. ; bulb coats lighter colored 6. A. palmeri.

Bulbs arising from rootstock.

Umbels erect; perianth segments acute; stamens not
exserted; rootstocks long and slender; bulbs

usually solitary 3. A. rhizomatum.

Umbels cernuous; perianth segments obtuse; stamens
exserted; rootstocks short and thick; bulbs
usually clustered.
Leaves not carinate, 3 to 6 mm. wide in dried

specimens; flowers numerous 1. A. recurvatum.

Leaves carinate, 2 mm. wide or less; flowers few 2. A. neomexicanum.

1. Allium recurvatum Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 94. 1900.
Type locality: Indian Creek, Montana.

Range: South Dakota and British Columbia to New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Kingston; White and
Sacramento mountains. Open meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zone* .

2. Allium neomexicanum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 541. 1899.

Type locality: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton,
October 14, 1891.

Range: Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

Xkw Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Abiquiu Peak; Laguna Blanca; mountains
west of Grant; West Fork of the Gila; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; Laa
Huertas Canyon. Open slopes, in the Transition Zone.

3. Allium" rhizomatum Wont. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 111. L913
Type locality: Gila Hot Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by ^Yooton,

August 20, 1900.
Range: Known only from the type locality', in the Transition Zone.

4. Allium scaposum Benth. PI. Hartw. 26. 1840.

Tyi'k locality: "SniiH rivuloe, Aguas Calientes," Mexico.

Range: Western Texa£ t<> southern Arizona and southward.

Xkw Mexico: Sixteen Spring Canyon | Wooton). Transition Zone.

Doctor Watson included this species with those having reticulate hull, coate, hut all
the specimens we have een (ten or a dozen sheets), including some to which he refers,
have scaly bulh coats, the inner ones very thin and white or hyaline, th iter some-
what thicker, yet light-colored. IN- LUu tration in the Botany of King's Survt

plate 38, was do doubl made with a compound micr pe, since t!"- mark i n gs are

not visible under a hand Lens. The illustration oi the flower is ex< ellent.

142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

5. Allium bigelovii S. Wilts, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 487. pi. 38. f. 8, 9.

1871.
Type locality: Cooks Spring, New Mexico.
Range: New Mexico and Arizona.
We have seen no further specimens of this from New Mexico.

6. Allium palmeri S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 487. pi. 87. J. 10, 11.

1871.
Type locality: Northwestern New Mexico. Type collected by Palmer.
Range: Southern Utah to northern New Mexico and Arizona.
N ew Mexico: Known only from the northwest corner of the State. Upper Sonoran

Zone - -A

7. Allium sabulicola Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 539. 1900.

Allium arenicola Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 506. 1900, not Small, 1900.

Type locality: In sandy soil on the bank of the Chama River at Chama, New
Mexico. Type collected by Osterhout.

Range: New Mexico.

New Mexico: Spirit Lake; West Fork of the Gila; Fitegerald Cienaga. Wet
places in the mountains, from the Transition to the Hudsonian Zone.

Our plants all agree in having several whitish ovoid bulblets, ovate acuminate
sepals, and reticulated bulbs, but they are in every case much larger plants than the
original description indicates. They are certainly not A. rubrum Osterhout and we
do not believe that Nelson 1 is right in reducing them to A. nuttallii.

8. Allium geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 227. 1879.

Allium reticulation var. /? S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 486. 1871.

Allium dictyotum Greene, PL Baker. 1: 52. 1901.

Type locality: Stony banks of the Kooskooskie River, Idaho.

Range: New Mexico to British Columbia.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Tierra Amarilla; Sandia Mountains; mountains west
of Grants Station; White and Sacramento mountains. Transition and Canadian
zones.

9. Allium deserticola (Jones) Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 114.

1913.

Allium ntiailatum deserticola Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 30. 1902.

Type locality: "On the adobe plains of eastern Utah, south of the Uintas and
western Colorado and southward to Texas."

Range: As above; probably also in northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Aztec; Carrizalillo Mountains; Organ Mountains. Upper Sonoran
Zone.

This is the largest flowered wild onion we have in the State. The perianth segments
are pale pinkish to white, with a darker midrib, fading to a dry papery envelope in
fruit. The plant occurs with us in the foothills of the more arid mountains.

10. Allium heUeri Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 264. 1903.
Type locality: Southern Texas.

Range: Nebraska and Colorado to Texas and Arizona.

New Mexico: Las Vegas; Winsors Ranch; Bear Mountain; mountains east of Gila
River; Copper Mines; Burro Mountains. Plains and low hills, in the Transition Zone.

11. Allium nuttallii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 227. 1879.

Allium mutabile var. /? S. Wats, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 487. 1871.
Type locality: " Kansas, Texas and New Mexico."
Range: Kansas and Colorado to Texas and Arizona.

1 In Coulter, New Man. Rocky Mount. 114. 1909.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 143

New Mexico: Glorieta; West Fork of the Gila; near Fort Defiance; Nara Visa.
Low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

2. DIPTEROSTEMON Rydb.

Flowers few, umbellate on unequal rays, bluish purple, broadly funnelform, with a

short tiibe; stamens 6, the inner wing-appendaged.

1. Dipterostemon paucifiorus (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 39: 111. 1912.
Brodiaea capitata pautiflora Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 218. 1859.
Dicheloslanma pauciflorum Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 179. 1910.
Type locality: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow.
Range: Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Santa Rita. Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. MILL A Car.

Flowers white, the perianth segments with greenish midribs, salverform with a
narrowly turbinate tube, usually 2 to each scape; stamens nearly sessile, the anthers
fixed by the base; capsules oblong-obovate, sessile.

1. Milla biflora Cav. Icon. PI. 2: 76. pi. 196. 1794.

Type locality: " Habitat in Imperio Mexicano. "

Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Animas Valley (Mearns 2513). Low hills.

Both this and the preceding plant are well worthy of cultivation and would probably
thrive in southern New Mexico.

24. LILIACEAE. Lily Family.

Perennial, mainly caulescent herbs, with bulbs or conns; leaves alternate or whoi Led,
sometimes basal or apparently basal; flowers solitary or in terminal racemes, corymbs,
or panicles; perianth conspicuous and showy; sepals and petals similar, sometimes
partly united; gyncecium of 3 united carpels; ovary superior, 3-celled; styles united;
fruit a loculicidal capsule, globular or elongated.

key to the gknera.

Perianth segments united into along tube; flowers white. . 1. Leucockinum (p, I
Perianth segments distinct <>r nearly so; flowers white or
colored.

Bulbs tunicated; flowerswhite 4. Lloydia (p. 144).

Bull's scalj ; flowers no1 w hite.

Flowers large, 6 or 7 cm. long; perianth

clawed 2. I.nn m (p 14

Flowers small, 2 cm. long <>r less; perianth seg-
ments nut clawed :'.. I''ui in i \iii \ (p II!

1. LETJCOCRINUM Null. Winn: MOUNTAIN nn

Plants acaulescent, with numerous Leaves from a ahorl tstock and a i Luster of

fleshy roots; flowers few to many Erom the crown, \\ bite, 3 to 5 cm. Long.

1. Leucocrinum montanum Null.; A. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4: Mi) L84
Type locality: 'In planitiebus altis fluminis Platte."
I' • ■ . i • { Oregon and South Dakota i" Nevada and northern N. m klexii o.
New Mexico: Dulce; Raton. Open slopes.

144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. LILItJM L. Lily.

Stems tall, with all but the uppermost leaves scattered; leaves linear-lanceolate;
perianth campanulate, showy, reddish orange spotted with purple inside; capsules
subcylindric, attenuate at the base.

Our species is one of our handsomest native plants. It occurs only occasionally in
moist places in the higher mountains. It is well worthy of cultivation and would
doubtless do well in gardens at elevations of 2,000 meters or more.

1. Lilium umbeUatum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 229. 1814.

Lilium montanum A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 6. 1899.

Lilium philadelphicum montanum Cockerell, Univ. Mo. Stud. Sci. 2 2 : 92. 1911.

Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."

Range: Ohio to Alberta, south to Arkansas and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Fresnal. Open woods,
in the Transition Zone.

We are unable to separate Lilium montanum from this, since the characters of the
narrowness of the leaves and the number of flowers do not hold for New Mexican
material.

3. FRITILLARIA L. Fritillaria.

Slender plant 20 to 40 cm. high, with leafy stems, each bearing 1 to 6 flowers; bulbs
of numerous thick scales; perianth campanulate, of 6 equal, dull purple segments;
styles united to the middle.

1. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 54. 1834.
Type locality: "On the borders of the Flat-Head river."
Range: Oregon and North Dakota to California and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Matthews).

4. LLOYDIA Salisb.

Low plants, 5 to 15 cm. high, with leafy 1-flowered stems; bulbs upon an oblique
rhizome, covered by the persistent bases of the leaves; perianth segments spreading,
white with purple veins.

1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 527. 1830.

Anthericum serotinum L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 444. 1762.

Lloydia alpina Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 328. 1812.

Type locality: "In alpibus Angliae, Helvetiae, Taureri rastadiensis, Wallaesiae."

Range: Arctic regions southward to Washington and New Mexico; also in the Old
World.

New Mexico: Hermits Peak; Pecos Baldy; top of Las Vegas Range. Meadows, in
the Arctic- Alpine Zone.

25. ASPHODELACEAE. Asphodel Family.

1. ANTHERICUM L.

A low plant with naked stems (sometimes with 1 or 2 small leaves) from a thick
cylindric fleshy-fibrous root; leaves linear, grasslike; flowers yellow, on jointed
pedicels; capsules oblong, with several flattened seeds in each cell.

1. Anthericum torreyi Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 318. 1876.
Echeandia ternijlora angustifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 219. 1859.
Hesperanthes torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 241. 1879.

WOOTON" AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 145

Type locality: Copper Mines, New Mexico.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona, southward into Mexico.

New Mexico: San Ignacio; Hop Canyon; Las Vegas Mountains; Mogollon Moun-
tains; Burro Mountains; Black Range; White and Sacramento mountains. Moun-
tains, in the Transition Zone.

Order 14. AMARYLLIDALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Stamens 6; leaves not 2-ranked 26. AMARYLLIDACEAE (p. 145).

Stamens 3; leaves 2-ranked 27. IRIDACEAE (p. 117).

26. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family.

Perennials with bulbs or corms or sometimes with fibrous mots; leaves basal; flowers
regular or irregular, solitary or corymbose; andrcecium of 6 stamens inserted on an
epigynous disk or at the throat of the tube opposite the sepals and petals ; ova ry i 1 1 I'erior,
3-celled; styles united; fruit a 3-celled capsule or berry.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Leaves spiny-toothed and spine-tipped; plants with elon-
gated caudices 1. Agave (p. 145).

Leaves not spiny-toothed; plants with bulbs 2. Atamosco (p. 1 17).

1. AGAVE L. Century plant.

Long-lived perennials with a cluster of numerous thick fleshy basal leaves and a
tall flower stalk, this either nearly spicate or paniculate and -with numerous thick
divergent branches; perianth persistent, tubular-funnellonn, parted unto numerous
narrow, nearly equal divisions; anthers linear, versatile; fruit an oblong coriaceous
3-celled capsule containing numerous flat black seeds.

Agon urn, i inula is an introduced species very common in cultivation in the southern
part of the State. It is the common ''maguey'' of the Mexicans, who use the sap taken
from the developing flower stalk for making "pulque." "mescal," and "tequila." It
is not cultivated Ear north < v f has Cruces, and even here the leaves are sometimes
frosted in the winter and rarely the whole plant killed.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves not spiny-margined, filiferous, 1 cm. broad or Less, tapi r-

ing upward '. 1 . . I . tchottii.

I bearing hooked Bpinee along the margins, not fllifen
I cm. wide or more, generally broadest a limit t lie middle.
Leaves few, i<> to 15, 20 t<> :!<> cm. Long, yellowish green;
panicle with very shorl branches, spikelike in appear-
ance 2. .1 . A chuguilla.

Leaves more numerous, 30 or more, 20 to LOO cm. long, deep
green or bluish green, glaucous; panii lee with spread-
ing Longer branches.
Stamen- inserted near the middle of the corolla tube;
Leaves deep green, 6 to L2 cm. wide, generally 10
to iiit cm. Long, sometimes much Longi r.

.T«J°— 15 10

146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla segments;

leaves bluish green, glaucous, closely imbricated,

broader, 8 to 14 cm. wide, usually 20 to 45 cm.

long.

Leaves broad, 10 to 14 cm. wide, 30 cm. long or more;

panicles large and widely spreading; flowers

8 to 9 cm. long 4. A. parryi.

Leaves of same relative proportions but smaller, 15
to 20 cm. long and 5 to 8 cm. broad; panicles
with few branches; flowers mostly about 6 cm.
long 5. A. neomexicana.

1. Agave schottii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 305. 1875.
Agave geminiflora sonorae Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 214. 1859.
Type locality: Sierra del Pajarito, southern Arizona.

Range: Southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico.
New Mexico: Guadalupe Canyon (Mearns 575).

2. Agave lechuguilla Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 213. 1859. Lechuguilla.
Type locality: "Mountains near El Paso, and along the Rio Grande downward."
Range: Low hills and dry plains, western Mexico and southern New Mexico and

southward, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

Miss Mulford reported this from the Organ Mountains as having been collected May
18, 1851. Neither of the writers has seen the plant in this range, but it may occur at
the southern end, where little collecting has been done. A single plant from the
north end of the Franklin Mountains, just on the boundary between New Mexico and
Texas, is growing in the garden at the Agricultural College. It is said to occur along
the southern border farther east as well.

The species is of economic importance as a fiber plant in northern Mexico, where it
is used extensively in making cordage. The short caudex is used as a substitute for
soap, one form of the "amole" found on the market.

3. Agave palmeri Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 319. 1875.
Type locality: Mountains of southern Arizona.

Range: Southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico and southward.

New Mexico: Florida Mountains; Cloverdale; San Luis Mountains; Animas Moun-
tains; La Luz Canyon. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

Miss Mulford reports finding a plant of this species a few miles from Fort Bayard,
and that must be about its northern limit.

4. Agave parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 311. 1875.
Agave americana latifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 213. 1859.
Type locality: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico.

Range: Southern Arizona and New Mexico and southward.

New Mexico: Fierro; Big Hatchet Mountains; Lake Valley; Burro Mountains;
Florida Mountains; Bear Mountains; 5 miles north of Reserve; Mogollon Creek. Low
hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

This is the common " mescal " of western New Mexico. It has considerable decora-
tive value and, while never as large as A. americana, reaches sufficient size to warrant
its use in large urns and in other positions in formal gardening.

This, like the other larger plants of the genus, was used by the Indians in making
mescal. The thick leaves were cooked in large pits made in the ground and lined witli
stones, which were first fired, then filled with the plant. It is from their preparation
of this article of food that the Mescalero Apaches receive their name.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 147

5. Agave neomexicana Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 115. pi. 48.
1913.

Type locality: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley
(no. 541).

Range: Mountains of southern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; Organ and San Andreas mountains.

2. ATAMOSCO Adans. Atamasco MLY.

Low plant with large tunicated bulbs, slender grasslike leaves, and rather large
(3 or 4 cm. in diameter) yellow flowers borne singly upon a stout fle.-hy scape; capsules
large and deeply 3-lobed.

1. Atamosco longifolia (Hemsl.) Cockerell, C'anad. Ent. 1901: 283. 1901.

Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsl. Diag. PI. Mex. 55. 1880.

Type locality: New Mexico. Type collected by Wright (no. 1904 >.

Range: Western Texas to southern Arizona, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Mesa near Las Cruces; Lordsburg; Animas Valley. Dry hills and
mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

27. IRIDACEAE. Iris Family.

Perennial, mostly caulescent herbs with bulblike or elongated rootstocks; leaves
equitant, 2-ranked; flowers regular or irregular, solitary or in clusters from spathelike
bracts; perianth usually showy ; sepals and petals often very unlike, distinct, or united
below; stamens 3, adnate to the perianth opposite the sepals; gyncecium of 3 united
carpels; ovary inferior; styles distinct; fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Flowers yellow 1. Oreolirion (p. 147).

Flowers blue or white.

Stylos alternate with the Btamens; leaves narrow, le

than 5 mm. wide 2. Sisyrinchhth (p. 147).

Styles opposite or arching over the Btamens; leaves

broad, 10 mm. wide or more 3. [ris (p. 148).

1. OREOLIRION Bicknell.

An erect perennial. 25 to 50 cm. high, with flat, grasslike, conspicuously nerved
leaves roots clu tered, somewhat fleshy; flowers large, 30 nun. in diameter, yellow;
capsules oblong, L2 to 1 1 mm. high.

In genera] appearance this plant le much like the specie of Sisyrinchium, bul the
yellow flowers enable one to distinguish it readily.

1. Oreolirion arizonicurn ( Rothr. i Bicknell.
Sisyriruhiwrn arizonicum Rothr. Bot. Gaz. 2: L25. L877.
Type locality: Willow Spring, Arizona.
Ilw.i:: Southern Arizona ami New Mexico.

Xku Mexico: Mogollon .Mountain-; Black Range.

2. SISYRINCHIUM L. Bli I M v lass.

slender perennial grasslike plants with numerous ereel leaves, winged stems, and
small blue flowers, occurring in the higher mountains in moist meadows and along
streams.

148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Outer bracts of the inflorescence about twice as long as the inner 1. 8. campestre.

Outer bracts of about the same length as the inner.

Perianth 7 to 10 mm. lo*g; plants somewhat glaucous, the stems
clustered; bracts broad, 10 to 20 mm. long; stems flexuous,

often ascending 2. S. demissum.

Perianth 10 to 14 mm. long; plants more slender, bright green,
the stems mostly solitary, erect, straight; bracts 16 to 32
mm. long . 3. S. Occident ale.

1. Sisyrinchium campestre Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 341. 1899.

Type locality: "Wisconsin to North Dakota, south to Louisiana, Oklahoma and
the mountains of New Mexico."

Range: As under type locality.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sierra Grande; Sacra-
mento Mountains. Transition Zone.

2. Sisyrinchium demissum Greene, Pittonia 2: 69. 1890.

Type locality: "In moist meadows at the base of Bill Williams Mountain
Arizona, and also near Flagstaff."

Range: Arizona to western Kansas.

New Mexico: Las Vegas; mountains west of Grants Station; Zuni; Barranca; Mogo-
llon Mountains; Black Range; Chavez; Socorro; White Mountains. Meadows, in the
Transition Zone.

3. Sisyrinchium occidentale Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 447. 1899.
Type locality: "Idaho and Nevada to Colorado and North Dakota."
Range: As under type locality.

New Mexico: Near Pecos; Iron Creek, Mogollon Mountains; north of El Vado.
Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. IRIS L. Blue flag.

Plants 30 to 70 cm. high, with long, flat, somewhat glaucous leaves arising from a
thickened rootstock; flowers large, very showy, sweet-scented, pale blue.

1. Iris missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834.
Type locality: "Towards the sources of the Missouri."
Range: British America south to California, Arizona, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Tunitcha
Mountains; Chama; Sierra Grande; Manguitas Spring; Black Range; White and
Sacramento mountains. Meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zones.

Order 15. ORCHID ALES.

28. ORCHIDACEAE. Orchis Family.

Herbaceous plants, perennial by bulbs or thickened roots, sometimes parasitic;
leaves entire, from mere sheathing bracts to broadly ovate; flowers sometimes con-
spicuous, in ours usually small, of bizarre forms especially adapted to insect pollina-
tion; corolla of two similar lateral petals and a third (the lip or labellum) very different
one, this frequently spurred or saccate; stamens gynandrous, with usually only one
anther; pollen in small coherent masses (pollinia); ovary inferior; fruit a capsule.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 149

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Anthers 2; lip a large inflated sack. .7? 1. Cypripedium (p. 149).

Anthers only one; lip various in different genera.

Flowers solitary, scapose 2. Cytherea (p. 150).

Flowers several, racemose or spicate.

Plants without green leaves; stems glandular-
pubescent 3. COHALLORHIZA (p. 150).

Plants with green leaves; stems not glandular
(except in Peramium), usually glabrous.

Leaves rosu late; stems very short 4. Peramium (p. L50).

Leaves not rosulate, scattered along the
stems; stems 10 cm. long or more.
Leaves 1 or 2.

Leaves 1, elliptic to oval; racemes
many-flowered; flowers ma-
roon or green 5. ACHROAN'THKS (]>. 151).

Leaves 2, opposite, renifoim; ra-
cemes laxly few-flowered ;

flowers greenish 6. Ophrys(j>. 152).

Leaves several.

Inflorescence loosely racemose;
flowers few, large, 25 to 35

mm. long; capsules reflexed. 7. Epipactis (p. 152).
Inflorescence spicate, strict; flowers
numerous, small, 10 to 18
mm. long; capsules erect.
Spikes twisted; spur wanting.. 10. Ibidium (p. 154).
Spikes not twisted; spur
present.
Lip bifid; bracts of in-
florescence very

conspicuous 8. Coeloglossum (p L52).

Lip entire; bracts of in-
florescence usually
not very conspicu-
ous 9. Limnorchis (p L52

fioi

Broad-leaved plants arising from thickened fascii led roots; flowers usually solitary,
i. n long peduncles, showy, brighl yellow, with purple spots on the saccate lower petal.

1. Cypripedium vegamim Cockerel] A: Barker, Proc, Biol. Soc. Washington 14:
178. 1901.

Type locality: Sapello Canyon, Las Vegas Range, New Mexico.

Range: Mountains of northern New Mexico ami southern Colorado

Nbw Mexico: Santa Pe and Las Vegas mountain ; Mogollon Mountains; < Jloudcroft.
Damp woods, in the Canadian and Budsonian zon<

Tin' dried specimens from New Mexico agree with Colorado material collected l>y
Baker and by Coulter and referred to C. pubescent WilM , bul these are slightly
differenl from ( '. pubucena materia] from 1 1 » * - Eastern States. It is likely that the plant
of iln- Rocky Mountains is c. veganum.

Thf spe< Lmen in the National Museum deposited by Profe sor «'<" kerell di
with his description in two particulars: neither \> ave nor temi a bul i»'tli

1. CYPRIPEDIUM L. I.ai.v's-suppf.r. = L ' ^^J^

150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

are sparsely and coarsely pubescent though not glandular; and the leaves are entirely
too broad to be called less than elliptic-lanceolate. The specimen shows only three
upper leaves. Specimens collected both by Standley and by Snow show the lower
leaves as elliptic

The writers have heard fairly reliable reports of the occurrence of another species of
Cypripedium in the mountains east of Santa Fe. The plant has been observed in
Santa Fe Canyon and in the mountains east of the Pecos. It is said to have a white
lip splotched with purple. We have been unable to procure material of it, and it is
possible that the plant belongs to some other genus.

2. CYTHEEEA Salisb. Calypso.

A low herb, 10 to 15 cm. high, with a single showy rose-colored nodding flower at the
end of a slender bracted stem; bracts narrowly oblong, clasping, acuminate; single
radical leaf broadly elliptic, with numerous veins.

1. Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 382. 1905.

Cypripedium bulbosum L. Sp. PI. 951. 1753.

Calypso borealis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 89. 1806.

Cytherea borealis Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 301. 1812.

Calypso bulbosa Oakes, Cat. Yt. PI. 28. 1842.

Type locality: "In Lapponia, Russia, Sibiria."

Range: Alaska and British America, south to Maine, Michigan, and New Mexico;
also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Hermits Peak; Winsor Creek; Sandia Mountains. Deep woods.

3. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Coral root.

Stems stout, simple, erect, from a cluster of coral-like rootstoeks (whence the generic
name); leaves represented only by membranous sheaths; whole plant without green
coloring matter; flowers purplish, the white lip usually spotted with purple.

Our species are found only in moist, shaded, usually cool woods, where they are
very striking because of the absence of green coloring.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spur present at the summit of the ovary; lip 3-lobed 1. C. multifiora.

Spur absent; lip entire 2. C. vreelandii.

1. Corallorhiza multifiora Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 3: 138. pi. 7. 1823.
Corallorhiza grabhami Cockerell, Torreya 3: 140. 1903. - C. >v>axui*tfr->
Type locality: "From New England to Carolina."

Range: Alaska and British America to Florida and California.
New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Harveys Upper Ranch; Tuniteha Mountains; Chania;
East Canyon. In woods, in the Canadian Zone.

2. Corallorhiza vreelandii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 271. 1901.
Type locality: Veta Mountains, Colorado. _ Q fl strr/td&J
Range: Colorado and northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Horsethief Canyon ; Sandia Mountains.

Reported from the vicinity of Pecos by Professor Cockerell, the specimens identi-
fied by Rydberg.

Metcalfe's 1513 from the Black Range seems to represent another and possibly
undescribed species. Our material is entirely insufficient for diagnosis.

4. PERAMIUM Salisb. Rattlesnake plantain.

Low plants, 10 to 25 cm. high, with basal rosettes of somewhat fleshy, often varie-
gated, ovate or oblong-ovate leaves; flowers on a stout scape, this glandular-viscid,
twisted; flowers whitish, small; roots somewhat fleshy.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 151

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Lip of the corolla evidently saccate, the margins recurved; plants

low, 10 to 14 cm. high; leaves 20 to 25 mm. long 1. P. ophioides.

Lip scarcely saccate, the margins incurved; plants taller, 15 to 30

cm. high; leaves 40 to 60 mm. long 2. P. decipiens.

1. Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. in Britton, Man. 302. 1901.
Goodyera ophioides Fernald, Rhodora 1: 6. 1899.

Type locality: Not definitely stated.

Range: British America to New Mexico, South Dakota, and North Carolina.

New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Upper Pecos. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone.

2. Peramium decipiens (Hook.) Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 208. 1906.
Spiranthes decipiens Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 203. 1839.

Goodyera menziesii Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. 492. 1840.

Peramium menziesii Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 124. 1894.

Type locality: Lake Huron.

Range: British America to New York, New Mexico, and California.

New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Harveys Upper Ranch; Sandia Mountains; Tunitcha
Mountains. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone.

The two species grow together, and one is likely to be overlooked because of its
similarity in general appearance to the other.

5. ACHROANTHES Raf. Adder's mouth.

Low herbs from solid bulbs, with 1 or 2 leaves and 1 to several scales at the base of
the stem; flowers small, green or purplish, in a terminal raceme or spike; sepals
spreading, separate; petals filiform or linear, spreading; lip cordate or auriculate a1
the base.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers greenish, in a very dense spike; divisions of the perianth

oblong or oblong-lanceolate to ovate 1 . A. montana.

Flowers purplish, in a loosely flowered spike; divisions of the peri-
anth linear or linear-lanceolate 2. A. porphyrea.

1. Achroanthes montana (Rothr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 183. 1891. = A^A' J S* 1 ^
Micro8tylis montana Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 261. 1878.
Type locality: Mount Graham, Arizona, at an elevation of 2,800 motors.
Range: In the mountains of Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Gallinas Planting Station (Burthtt 324). Deep woods, in the Cana-
dian Zone.

This is a considerable extension of range for the species. Heretofore it has 1 D

known in the I'nited States only from Arizona. Specimens in the National Eerbarium
are from .Mount Graham and the RincoD and Euachuca Mountain.- of thai 81

2. Achroanthes porphyrea (Ridley) Woot. & Standi. < onir. 1 8. Nat. Serb. 16:

i Hi. 1913. = Ma.6uci's dsmmbtm^

Miarostylia purpurea 8. Wats. Proc. Amer \- ad 18: L95. 1883, not Lindl. i s i"
Microttylia porphyrea Ridley, Jburn. Linn. So,-. B i*S8.

Aehroantha purpurea Greene, Pittonia 2: 184. L891

Tyfk locality: In Tanners Canyon, Euachuca Mountains, southern Irisona
Rangb: Mountains of southern Arizona and New Mexico.
New Mi:\io>: I Loudcrofl I Wooton).

152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. OPHRYS L. Twayblade.

Stems slender and delicate, 10 to 20 cm. high, from fibrous creeping roots; flowers
small, greenish, in few-flowered racemes; leaves 2, opposite, reniform, thin, near the
top of the stem. ~ l^t'S&re-^ c^rdcctf^-'

1. Ophrys nephrophylla Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 610. 1905.

Listera nephrophylla Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 108. 1900.

Type locality: Spanish Basin, Montana.

Range: Alaska and Oregon to Montana and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Horsethief Canyon; Upper Pecos. Damp woods, in the Canadian
and Hudsonian zones.

7. EPIPACTIS R. Br. Helleborine. '

A rather tall coarse-leaved plant from a creeping rootstock; inflorescence racemose;
flowers few, pediceled, conspicuously bracteate; capsule reflexed at maturity.

1. Epipactis gigantea Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 202. pi. 202. 1839.

Type locality: "N. W. America. On the subalpine regions of the Blue and
Rocky mountains."

Range: Washington and California to Texas.

New Mexico: Mimbres; Grand Canyon of the Gila; Mangas Springs. Damp woods,
in the Transition Zone.

8. COELOGLOSSTJM Hartman. Bracted orchis.

Stems erect, rather stout, succulent, from a bifid fusiform tuber; leaves oblong-
elliptic to lanceolate, the lower obtuse, the upper acute; inflorescence a few-flowered
spike with conspicuous lanceolate spreading bracts.- / ^£^ r/0<;2VV '< x _ y j/»/a£Sr [/dr.
1. Coeloglossum bracteatum (Willd.) Pari. Fl. Ital. 3: 409. 1858. kracteafa^

Orchis bracteata Willd. Sp. PL 4: 34. 1805.

Habenaria bracteata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 192. 1813.

Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."

Range: British America south to North Carolina and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Ilillsboro Peak; Upper Pecos River; Winsors Ranch. Cold woods.

9. LIMNORCHIS Rydb. Bog orchis.

Erect herbaceous perennials, with succulent greenish stems arising from elongated
rootlike tubers and bearing slender, more or less crowded spikes of inconspicuous
greenish or white flowers.

The plants occur in cool, moist situations in shaded thickets in rich soil. They have
usually been referred to the genus Habenaria and are so treated in the latest revision
of the genus. 1 We prefer the treatment of Doctor Rydberg, 2 which is followed here
so far as it relates to New Mexican species.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves short, 3 to 7 cm. long, the lowest usually largest 1. L. brevifolia.

Leaves much longer, 8 to 20 cm. long, the lowest shorter than
those along the middle of the stem".
Flowers white or nearly so; spur and lip various.

Lip linear, not at all dilated at the base, 8 mm. long;

spur over 10 mm. long; spike long, lax, slender. . . 4. L. sparsijlora.

1 Ames, Oakes. Studies in the family Orchidaceae, fasc. 4.

2 Rydberg, P. A. The American species of Limnorchis and Piperia north of Mexico.
Bull. Torrey Club 28: G05. 1901.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 153

Lip lanceolate, dilated at the base; spur various.

Spur about equaling the short lip 6. L. boreal is

Spur nearly two-thirds longer than the rather long

tip 2. L. thurberi.

Flowers greenish or purplish; spur shorter than or about
equaling the lip, this lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. long.
Petals purplish; spur one-half to two- thirds as long as

the lip, conspicuously saccate, slightly curved .. . 5. L. pwrpurascens.
Petals greenish; spur almost equaling the lip, clavate,

curved 3. L. vmdiflora.

Mr. Ames refers a specimen collected on the Pecos River, August 6, 1898 ((!. /.'
Coghill 147), to L. dilatata. Doctor Rydberg cites a specimen of L. ensifolia from
Silver City, collected in 1880 by E. L. Greene. We have seen neither of these speci-
mens. L. dilatata is a northeastern species, ranging only as far west as Nebraska,
excluding the specimen mentioned. L. ensifolia is closely related to L. sparsifolia
and is reported from the same region; it differs in having a shorter and denser spike,
the upper sepals larger, and the bracts shorter and broader; its leaves are noticeably
different in shape in material we have seen.

1. Limnorchis brevifolia (Greene) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: fi: , ,l. 1901. "
Habenaria brevifolia Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. 1881.

Type locality: "In dry ground under Pinus ponderosa, Pinos Altos Mts.," New
Mexico. Type collected by Greene (no. 369).

Range: Mountains of southern New Mexico, southward into Mexico.

New Mexico: Pinos Altos Mountains; White Mountains; Iron Creek; Sacramento
Mountains. Canadian and Transition zones.

2. Limnorchis thurberi (A. Gray) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 624. 1901.
Habenaria thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 389. 1868. - f/ /,/nOSO^J
Type locality: Arizona.

Range: California and Arizona to the mountains of western New Mexi< <>.
New Mexico: Mogollon Creek (Metcalfe 282).

3. Limnorchis viridiflora (Cham.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 616. 1901.
ITul/iiiiiriii borealis viridiflora Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 616. 1828. _ J fa^p&fboftx*—*
Type locality: ** Unalascha. "

Range: Alaska, southward to the mountains of Colorado and .Ww Mexico, east-
ward to Nebraska and South Dakota.

New MEXicb: Santa IV and Las Vegas mountains. Canadian Zone.

4. Limnorchis sparsiflora (S. Wats.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 631. 1901.
Habenaria sparsiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 276. 1877.

Type locality: "Common in the Sierra Nevada and mountains of Northern
California."

Range: Oregon and California to the mountains oi western New Mexico.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains (Rushy 399, in pari

Mr. Ann- refers to this species a specimen from "spring at Twin Sisters near Silver
City." This may be the L. ens\folia Rydb., reported from Now Mexico.

6. Limnorchis purpurascens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 269 L901
Type locality: [ron Mountain, < lolorado.
Ramos: Mountains of Colorado and Ne* Mexico.

New Mi \i< <>: Santa IV and la \ . a- mountains.

154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

-a {4. faipcriu?'*!?^
6. Limnorchis bo'realis (Cham.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 621. 1901.
Habenaria boreal is Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828.
Type locality: " Unalaschka. "

Range: Alaska to Colorado and northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6643). Bogs, iu the Transition and Canadian zones.

10. IBIDIUM Salisb.

Stems erect, from tuberous roots, bearing few leaves near the base; flowers small,
white, spurless, spicate, the spikes twisted; sepals and petals all more or less connivent'
into a hood. ._ S&r&+>&>e'> -rorncwzA££tam<x^

1. Ibidium strictum (Rydb.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 381. 1905.

Gyrostachys stricta Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 107. 1900.

Type locality: Indian Creek, Montana.

Range: Alaska and Newfoundland to Pennsylvania, California, and northern
New Mexico.

New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Wooton). Bogs.

Subclass DICOTYLEDONES.

Order 16. PIPERALES.

29. SAURURACEAE. Lizard's-tail Family.

1. ANEMOPSIS Hook. Yerba mansa.

Perennial herb with long stolons; leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic -oblong or oblong,
pellucid-punctate, petioled, mostly basal; flowers very small, crowded on a simple
in volucrate conic spadix; involucral bracts petal-like, white; ovary solitary, immersed
in the rachis; seeds oblong, puncticulate.

1. Anemopsis calif ornica Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 390. pi. 92. 1841.

Eouttuynia californica Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 483. 1880.

Type locality: California.

Range: California to Utah and New Mexico, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Albuquerque; Mogollon Mountains; Mangas Springs; Berendo
Creek; Belen; Rincon; Dog Spring; Mesilla Valley; above Tularbsa. Wet alkaline
meadows, chiefly in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

The plants form large and conspicuous patches in wet places, especially in alka-
line soil. The form found in New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua dfffers from the
typical Californian plant in being smaller and nearly or quite glabrous, and in hav-
ing the involucral bracts shorter than the spadix.

Order 17. SAEICALES.

30. SALICACEAE. Willow Family.

Trees or shrubs with simple alternate deciduous leaves; flowers dioecious, in cat-
kins; bracts of the aments scalelike; perianth none; stamens 1 to several; ovary
1-celled; stigmas 2; fruit a small capsule; seeds very numerous, small, comose.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Bracts incised; disk cup-shaped; stamens numerous; winter

buds with several scales 1- Populus (p. 155).

Bracts entire; disk represented by one or two small glands;
stamens few, generally less than 5; winter buds with a
single scale 2. Salix (p. 156).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 155

1. POPULUS L. Cottonwood.

Trees with rough light-colored bark and scaly resinous buds; leaves usually long-
petioled, somewhat coriaceous, with prominent veins; flowers in pendulous amenta,
appearing before the leaves; seeds with a conspicuous white coma (the "cotton").

This is the genus containing the common cottonwoods of the State and the less well
known aspen or "quaking asp" of the higher mountains. They are all rather short-
lived trees and grow in stations where the soil is at least moderately wet, preferring
the broad river valleys, where one species (P. wislizeni) is almost the only tree, or
locations besides mountain streams or springs. The aspen is a characteristic; plant
of the Canadian Zone. Three of the species here mentioned are used more or less
extensively and effectively as shade trees, and might well be used a great deal more.
The wood of all species is light and spongy and not valuable for posts or firewood,
although frequently used for these purposes for lack of something better.

The silver-leaf poplar (Populus alba), the Lombardy poplar (P. italica), and the
Carolina poplar (P. deltoides) are cultivated in many localities in the State, and prove
very satisfactory, though short-lived, shade trees. Doctor Britton states that P. n
cana S. Wats, occurs in New Mexico, but we have seen no material like the Mexican
plant.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Petioles flattened laterally; leaves broad, deltoid to rotund.

Leaves broadly ovate to rotund, abruptly short-acuminate, 3 to
5 cm. long and broad, paler beneath; small tree of the
high mountains 1. P. aurea.

Leaves broadly deltoid, acuminate, 5 to 8 cm. long and 6 to
10 cm. broad, of the same color on both surfaces; large

tree of the lower valleys .. 2. P. wislizeni.

Petioles terete, or channeled on the upper surface; leaves narrower,
ovate to narrowly lanceolate.

Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm.
broad, rather coarsely crenate, both surfaces of the same
color 3. /'. acuminata.

Leaves broadly to narrowly lanceolate, 7 to 15 cm. long and 2
to 4 cm. wide, finely serrate with blunt teeth , much paler
beneath 4. P.angvstifolia

1. Populus aurea Tidestrom, Amer. Mid. Nat. 2: 35. 1911. Quaking asi
Populus tremuloides aurea Daniels, Ohiv. Mo. Stud. Sci. 2 2 : 98. 1911.

Tvi'K locality: Vicinity of Mount Carbon, Colorado.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona to British America.

New Mexico: Common in all the higher mountain ranges. Canadian Zone

The aspen is a slender, white-barked tree found along streams ami ;ool alopea

of the mountains, or in shaded canyons, associated with firs and spruces occasionally
forming pure forests covering small areas It is the firs! tree to take possession of
burned areas, completely covering them hen. re the conifers establish themselves In
pure stands the trees are usually \ ery close together, and, the trees being short lived,
such forests soon become a dense tangle of fallen timber. The foliage is thin and
scanty, and notwithstanding the number of trees their shade is never dt

2. Populus wislizeni (S. Wat- Sat Man. Trees \ Amer. 18 i L90 •

\ M ii \ 0O1 rONWOODh

Populus fremontii wislizeni S. Wats Amer. Journ Sci. 111. 15::'. i v B
Tvpb loi m m'v: " From S California to the Rio Grande."
Rang] Colorado to western Texas and northern Mexico.

156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: San Juan Valley; Santa Fe; Zuni; Mogollon Mountains; Burro
Mountains; Black Range; Deming; Socorro; Mesilla Valley; above Tularosa. Along
the larger streams, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The common "valley cotton wood," as it is called by those who are acquainted with
the "mountain cottonwood," is perhaps the best known tree of the State. It is doubt-
less the most common shade tree of New Mexico, being used almost everywhere. It
is very common along the broad flood plains of the Rio Grande and the San Juan,
where it forms "bosques" of considerable extent. Besides its use as firewood and for
fence posts, straight trunks are used by the Mexicans for the "vigas" or rafters of their
houses. When stripped of their bark, the trees do not decay rapidly.

3. Populus acuminata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 20: 50. 1893.
Type locality: Carter Canyon, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska.
Range: Montana to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; near Alma; mountains west of San
Antonio; Cliff; Fort Bayard; Dog Spring; Kingston; Deming. Canyons and river
valleys, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

This species grows in situations similar to those in which P. uislizeni is found,
besides extending farther up into the mountains. At Deming and Silver City it is
used as a shade tree along with the valley cottonwood and is probably equally valu-
able for that purpose.

4. Populus angustifolia James in Long, Exped. 1: 497. 1823.

Mountain cottonwood.

Type locality: Rocky Mountains.

Range: British America to Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges from the Black Range, Organ
Mountains, and White Mountains northward. Canyons and along streams, in the
Transition and Upper Sonoran zones.

The mountain cottonwood or "narrow-leaved cottonwood " grows naturally in the
mountains along streams, sometimes attaining a great size. It is also common along
the valley of the San Juan in San Juan County. It is a rapid grower like its con-
geners, and is worthy of much more extensive use than has so far been accorded it.

2. SALIX L. Willow.

Shrubs or small trees, from a few centimeters to several meters high; leaves from
narrowly linear to short-elliptic or obovate; flowers in aments, appearing before or
with the leaves; perianth a single scale; stamens few; pistil single, with a gland at
the base of the ovary, the stigma short; fruit a capsule, containing numerous very small
hairy seeds.

The plants of this genus occur at all levels in the State, but are always found where
the ground water is abundant and near the surface during the growing season.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves usually only about 3 times as long as broad, elliptic-oval
to obovate, never narrowly lanceolate or linear; capsules
hairy (except in S. monticola).
Styles obsolete, or less than 0.5 mm. long.

Alpine plants less than 10 cm. high 1 . S. saximontana.

Small trees or shrubs, much more than 10 cm. high, at
middle elevations in the mountains.
Aments slender, lax; scales pale; stigmas very short;

leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute 2. S. bebbiana.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 157

Aments stout, dense; scales dark; stigmas long,
slender; leaves obovate, obtuse or abruptly

acute 3. £. scouleriana.

Styles elongated, 1 mm. long or more.

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, bright green; amenta

closely sessile 4. S. chlorophyll,,.

Leaves pubescent, sometimes sparingly so; aments on
leafy stems.

Capsules glabrous 7. S. monticola.

Capsules tomentose.

Leaves glabrate on the upper surface, densely

sericeous beneath 20. S. subcaerulea.

Leaves pubescent on both surfaces, not densely
sericeous beneath.

Plants 40 to 150 cm. high (j. £'. glaucops.

Plants less than 10 cm. high 5. S. pelrophiln.

Leaves several times as long as broad, linear to elongate-lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate; capsules glabrous (or weakly
villous in nos. 10, 11, 12).
Scales not pale yellow, mostly brownish and persistent.

Leaves broadly lanceolate; young branches not glaucous;

capsules distinctly pedicellate 8. S. cordata wat-

soni.
Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate; young branches

very glaucous; capsules subsessile 9. S. irrorata.

Scales pale yellow, deciduous.

Stamens 2, hairy below; leaves more or less can escent,
linear, remotely denticulate, or sometimes entire;
capsules more or less hairy.
Capsules 3 to 1 mm. long; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long,

finely pubescent 12. 8. taxtfolia.

Capsules 5 to 7 mm. long, glabrate; leaves 5 to 10
cm. long.
Leaves bright green and glabrate, at least above,
denticulate; capsules 7 mm. long, on

long pedicels 10. S. Jluvialilis.

Leaves canescent, entire or sometimes denti-
culate; capsules smaller, 5 nun. long, on
a shirt pedicel or sessile.

Capsules sessile 11. S. '"''/"".

ilee tipitate is. S. argophyUa.

Stamens 3 or more, hairy below; leaves bright green
above, lanceolate, finely serrulate; capsule*
pubescent or glabrou i
Petioles and leaf blades glandular.

Leaves Long-acuminate, only Blightly paler

beneath, thin IS. S./endlmana.

Leaves short-acuminate, glaucous beneath,

i vli;it coriaceous 14. ' s '. latiandra.

Petioles and leaf blades nol glandular.
Lea\ es paler beneath.

Capsules short stipitate; stamens usually

17. 8. bonplandiana.

Capsule l' ii" rtipitafc .

158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Leaves of the same color on both surfaces.

Leaves long-lanceolate; a compact, spread-
ing tree 16. S. nigra.

Leaves shorter; a straggling tree or shrub. .15. S. wrightii.

1. Salix saximontana Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 261. 1899.
Type locality: Grays Peak, Colorado.

Range: New Mexico to Montana and westward.

New Mexico: Taos Mountains; Truchas Peak. Alpine summits, in the Arctic-
Alpine Zone.

A densely cespitose plant, less than 10 cm. high, with small, elliptic, obtuse <>r
acute, entire leaves, these green above, glaucous beneath, on slender petioles. In
New Mexico known only from the tops of the highest peaks in the northern part of
the State.

2. Salix bebbiana Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895.

Salix perrostrata Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 163. 1901.

Type locality: British America.

Range: From New Mexico northward and eastward.

New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Raton; Catskill; El Rito Creek;
Chama; Zuni Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Along streams in
the mountains at middle elevations, in the Transition Zone.

3. Salix scouleriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 145. 1839.
Salix flavescens Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 65. 1842.

Salix nuttaUii Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895.

Type locality: "North West America, on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Fort
Vancouver. Tolmie."

Range: New Mexico to Alberta and westward.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Sierra Grande; Beulah; Zuni Mountains;
Eao-le Peak; Black Range; Magdalena Mountains; Cloudcroft. Along mountain
streams, in the Transition and Canadian zones.

Similar to the next in appearance, but the leaves of a different shape and the charac-
ters of the inflorescence conspicuously different. It comes into our range from the
west, while S. bebbiana comes into New Mexico from the east.

4. Salix chlorophylla Anderss. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm 6: 138. 1867.
Type locality: Western Canada.

Range: New Mexico, Utah, and California and northward.

New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; top of Las Vegas Range; Taos Mountains. In the
higher mountains, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone.

A low branching shrub, only a few, often not more than two decimeters high; leaves
thin elliptic-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, usually entire and acute, paler and slightly
glaucous beneath.

5. Salix petrophila Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 268. 1899.
Salix arctica petraea Anderss. in DC. Prodr. 16: 287. 1864.
Type locality: "In summis Rocky Mountains."

Range: New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and northward.

New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Taos Mountains. Among rocks on alpine summits,
in the Arctic-Alpine Zone.

A low, creeping plant, 10 cm. high or less, with glabrous, yellowish or brown stems
and elliptic, green leaves 3 cm. long or less, found only on very high peaks in the
northern part of the State.

6. Salix glaucops Anderss. in DC. Prodr. 16: 281. 1868.
Salix seemanii Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 164. 1901.
Salix wyomingensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 271. 1901.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 159

Type locality: Rocky Mountains.

Range: New Mexico to Canada, and westward.

New Mexico: Taos Mountains; Upper Pecos River. Boggy places in the high
mountains, in the Hudsonian Zone.

A low shrub, 40 to 150 cm. high, known in New Mexico only from the tops of high
mountains in the northern part on the State.

7. Salix monticola Bebb in Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 336. 1885.
Salix padophylla Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 499. 1901.

Type locality: Golden, Colorado.

Range: New Mexico to Alberta.

New Mexico : Santa Fe and La* Vegas mountains. At high levels in the mountains,
in the Transition and Canadian zones.

A shrub 3 to 6 meters high, with reddish brown, glabrous stems and elliptic-oblong
to broadly oblanceolate leaves 5 to 7 cm. long. It comes into our region from the
north and is now known only from the mountains between Santa Fe and L'as Vegas.

8. Salix cordata watsoni Bebb in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 86. 1880.
Salix flava Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 273. 1901.

Salix watsoni Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 157. 1906.
Type locality: Near Carson City, Nevada.
Range: Rocky Mountains, westward to the Pacific coast.

New Mexico: Pecos; Atarque de Garcia; White Mountains. Along streams, in the
Transition Zone.

9. Salix irrorata Anderss. 6fv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh. 15: 117. 1858. '

Type locality: "Hab. in Mexico nova." Type collected by Fendler, probably
about.Santa Fe (no. 812).

Range: Western Texas to southwestern Arizona, northward to Colorado.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; ZunijSandia Mountains'
San Mateo Mountains; Magdalena Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Fort Bayard;
Dog Spring; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. Transition Zone.

This is one of two very common shrubby willows found beside mountain streams at
middle elevations almost throughout the State. Rarely it takes the form of a low
tree, but it is usually a shrub 3 to 4 meters high or less. • The catkins appear before
tin- leaves, from rather large buds borne on glaucous stem-, and are closely foil, .wed
h\ hort, narrowly elliptic-oblong leaves, 2 or :; cm. long. The summer foliage con-
of numerous, thin, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, abruptly acute, entire or serrate
leaves 15 cm. long or less, dark green above and very glaucous beneath The Btems
may retain their glaucous coat, hut are usually brown.

10. Salix fiuviatilis Xutt. X . Amer. Sylv. 1: 73. 1842
Salix interior Lou lec, Bull. Torrey club 27: 273. 1900.
Salix linearifolia Rydb. in Britton, Man. 316.1901.

Type i ocaxity: "The immediate border of the Oregon a little below its confluence
with the Wahlamet."

Range: [daho to New Mexico, eastward across the continent; not common in the
Rocky Mountain region,

Xi.w Mexico: Fort Bayard (Blumer 124). Upper Sonoran Zone

Very rare in our range, mosl of the specimens thai bave been referred here belong-
ing, probably, to 8, i vigua.

11. Salix exigua Xutt. X. Aiiht. Sylv. 1 : 75. L842. IDBAB WILLOW.
Salix stenophylla Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 271. 1901.

Tvri him m : "Territory of < Oregon

Range: Rocky Mountain Region and westward,

160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Farmington; Tierra Amarilla; Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe; Pecos;
Magdalena; Gila; Kingston; near Carlisle; White Mountains; Organ Mountains;
Mesilla Valley. Common along streams, from the Lower Sonoran to the Transition
Zone.

Salix thurbcri Rowlee is a form with longer leaves that are noticeably dentate. In
our opinion it is not essentially different from S. exigua as defined above.

This is the common shrubby willow which grows in sandy soil, on ditch banks, and
to some extent beside streams, in the mountains at the lower levels throughout the
State. It is exceedingly variable in the size of the leaves and the degree of pub-,
escence of the whole plant. The leaves are always narrowly linear and acute. The
Indians and Mexicans use the stripped branches in basketry.

12. Salix taxifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 22. 1817.

Type locality: " Colitur in hortis Mexicani, Queretari, Zelayae, alt. 900-1200 hex."

Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico.

New Mexico: Deer Creek (Goldman 1441).

Closely related to S. exigua, but with shorter leaves and very pubescent capsules.
It is known to us only from a single specimen from the extreme southwestern corner
of the State.

13. Salix fendleriana Anderss. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh. 15: 115. 1858.
Type locality: "Hab. in Mexico nova." Type collected by Fendler, probably

about Santa Fe (no. 816).

Range: Northern New Mexico, northward and westward to the Pacific Coast.

New Mexico: Nutritas Creek below Tierra Amarilla (Eggleston 6634, 6637).
Transition Zone.

The species seems to be much more abundant farther north.

14. Salix lasiandra Benth. PI. Hartw. 335. 1849. Western black willow.
Type locality: "Ad flumen Sacramento," California.

Range: Western and northern New Mexico to California, and northward.

New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe Canyon; north of Ramah; Mogollon Mountains.
Transition Zone.

This is one of the two shrubby willows found along the borders of mountain streams
at middle elevations. The stems are brown and shining; the leaves are somewhat
coriaceous, resembling a cottonwood leaf, almost perfectly lanceolate, acuminate,
finely serrate, shining dark green above and pale or somewhat glaucous beneath, 8 to
12 cm. long. It is sometimes associated with S. irrorata, but our material shows it
only from the western and northern parts of the State.

15. Salix wrightii Anderss. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh. 15: 115. 1858.

Type locality: "Hab. in Nova Mexico." The type is Wright's 1877 and did
not come from New Mexico but from the banks of the Rio Grande, in Texas or Chihua-
hua, or from Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua.

Range: From New Mexico southward into western Texas and Chihuahua, west-
ward to Arizona and Sonora.

New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Albuquerque; Socorro; Kingston; Mangas Springs;
Mesilla Valley; Roswell. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The species is the common narrow-leaved willow tree of New Mexico. It occurs
mostly along water courses (or near acequias or flooded bottoms) at the lower levels.
The mature leaves are light green, of about the same color on both surfaces, narrowly
Uinceolate, with numerous small teeth. Small, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute
leaves appear with the flowers. The trunk is sometimes 20 cm. in diameter and is
covered with rough gray bark. The branches are slender, greenish yellow, and not
reflexed, even on old trees.

WOOTON AND STANDLEV FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 161

16. Salix nigra Marsh. Arb. Amer. 139. 1785. Black willow.
Type locality: North America.

Range: California to Colorado and New Mexico, and eastward.

New Mexico: Gila; Dog Spring; Emory Spring; Grant County; White Sands.
Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

It is very probable that further study of what is here considered S. nigra in New
Mexico will show that it belongs to S. wrightii, which is the common plant of the type.
The leaves of our specimens are firmer than those of the eastern form and usually
broader.

17. Salix bonplandiana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 24. pi. 101, 102. 1817.
Type locality: "In Regno Mexieano, locis opacatis prope Moran, Cabrera, Omitlan

et Pachuca, alt. 1270-1350 hexap."
Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico.
New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Mearns 2189, 2434).

18. Salix argophylla Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 71. 1842.

Type locality: "On the Boise River, toward its junction with the Shoahonee,"
Idaho.

Range: Washington and Oregon to Idaho and New Mexico.

New Mexico:- Chama; Shiprock; Reserve. Along streams, in the Upper Sonoran
and Transition zones.

With us a shrub 2 to 3 meters high.

19. Salix amygdaloides Anderss. Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 53. 1858.
Type locality: Fort Pierre, South Dakota.

Range: British Columbia and Quebec, southward to New York, Texas, and
Oregon.
New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington. Along streams, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
This becomes a tree 10 meters high.

20. Salix subcaerulea Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 400. 1900.
Salix covillci Eastwood, Zoe 5: 80. 1900.

Salix pachnophora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 402. 1904.

Type locality: Powder River Mountains, in wet meadows near the head of Eagle
Creek, Oregon.

Range: Oregon and Montana to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Along Willow Creek. Rio Arriba County (Standley tiroi'i. Along
streams and in wet meadows, in the Transit ion and < 'anadian zone

A tree 5 meters high or

Order 18. JUG LANDAI.KS.
31. JUGLANDACEAE. Walnut Family.

A small family of Large or small trees and large shrubs, of considerable economic
importance on accounl of the value of their wood for various purposes and b< i
of their edible seeds generally called "nuts"; leaves pinnately compound, the leaflets
ly large; flowers monoecious, the sterile flowers in catkins, the fertile solitary
or few together In short Bpikes.

The family contains the well known black walnul and the English walnut of com-
merce, the hickory nut. and the pecan. Only a single genUB OCCUR native in our

range, bu1 the pecan is cultivated in a few localiti
52576° — 15- — it

162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. JTTGLANS L. Walnut.

Strong-scented trees or shrubs; buds few-scaled or naked; flowers in simple pendu-
lous catkins from the branches of the previous year; calyx 3 to 6-cleft; stamens 12 to 40,
with short filaments; styles 2, short; fruit drupaceous, the exocarp fibrous-fleshy,
indehiscent, the endocarp and irregularly roughened "nut" with an edible embryo.

There are at least two species of Juglans in New Mexico and possibly a third. The
two do not occur together so far as any records show or as we know. The small bushy
species occurs only in the southeastern part of the State in the Lower Sonoran Zone,
while the tree grows in the mountains, mostly in the Transition or just at the top of the'
Upper Sonoran Zone. Mr. 0. B. Metcalfe once collected some nuts from a tree in the
mountains of the western part of the State which were much larger than those of
either of the species mentioned here. These were not accompanied by any other
material, so that we are unable to characterize the species.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Large shrub 4 to 6 meters high, branching from the ground, rarely if

ever with a noticeable trunk 1. J. rupestris.

Tree 8 meters high or more, with a trunk often 3 meters high and 30 to

50 cm. in diameter 2. J. major.

1. Juglans rupestris Engelm. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 171. /. 15. 1854.
Type locality: "New Mexico."

Range: Western Texas and southeastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Guadalupe Mountains; east slope of the Sacramento Mountains;
Pecos Valley. Along streams, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

This walnut is a large branching shrub, in New Mexico usually less than 5 meters
high, with several stems from one root, branched down to the ground. It is not uncom-
mon along the Pecos and its tributaries in the southeastern part of the State and may
go some distance back up the tributaries toward the mountains. It is common on the
Pecos and the Devils River in western Texas, where it reaches a larger size but still
retains the shrubby habit. Its leaflets (6 to 12 pairs) are lanceolate, acuminate, sub-
falcate, with oblique bases, entire or with relatively few teeth which are rendered more
inconspicuous because the margin is revolute. It has been confused with the other
New Mexican species by many writers and collectors, although Doctor Torrey had a
good conception of the two when he described them. He evidently believed them
to be distinct and assigned one of them (/. major) to subspecific rank, as he says,
"for the present," probably because of the statements of some of the collectors who
had not seen both. The species is easily recognized by its smaller size, shrubby
habit, smaller and more numerous leaflets, and very small, thick-walled nut only
10 to 15 mm. in diameter.

2. Juglans major (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1900.

Juglans rupestris viajor Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 171. pi. 16. 1854.

Type locality: "Western New Mexico." This is certainly Arizona.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona and southward.

New Mexico: Magadalena Mountains; Burro Mountains; Mangas Springs; Fort
Bayard ; Black Range; Dog Spring; Animas Mountains; White Mountains. Mountains,
in the Transition Zone.

In his original description of this species Doctor Torrey says that "Dr. Woodhouse
found the plant in western New Mexico and Dr. Bigelow collected it at the Copper
Mines." "Western New Mexico" at that time included Arizona. The plant com-
mon in the region of the Copper Mines is a good-sized tree, not infrequently with a
trunk 3 to 4 meters to the first branch and 40 to 50 centimeters in diameter, with a

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 163

large rounded top 12 to 15 meters high. Its leaflets are broadly lanceolate, 6 to 9
cm. long, not revolute-margined but serrate. The nut is 20 to 25 mm. in diameter.

This species has been confused with a Californian one (/. californwa S. Wats.) from
which it is said, by those who know both, to be distinct. The Californian plant is
found in the Sacramento Valley.

Our native walnuts, this species in particular, are often known by the native name
of "nogal."

Order 19. FAGALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Staminate and pistillate flowers in aments; fruit never

with a bur or cup 32. BETULACEAE (p. 163).

Staminate flowers in aments. the pistillate often soli-
tary; fruit with a bur or cup 33. FAGACEAE (p. 164).

32. BETULACEAE. Birch Family.

Monoecious or rarely dioecious trees or slirubs with alternate simple leaves and
deciduous stipules; sterile flowers in catkins; fertile flowers clustered, spicate, or in
scaly catkins; fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded nut with or without a foliaceous involucre.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Ovary inclosed in a bladdery bag 1. Ostrya (p. 163 1.

Ovary not inclosed in a bladdery bag.

Stamens 2; bracts of the mature pistillate aments membra-
nous, usually 3-lobed, deciduous with the nut 2. Betula (p. 163).

Stamens usually 4; bracts of the mature pistillate amenta

thickened and woody, erose or toothed, persistent 3. Axnus (p. 164 1.

1. OSTRYA Scop. Hop hornbeam.

A small tree; sterile flowers consisting of several stamens in the axil of each bract;
fertile flowers a pair to each deciduous bract, inclosed in a bractlet, this in fruit
becoming a bladdery bag, the involucres forming a kind of strobile resembling t hat
of the hop.

1. Ostrya baileyi Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 293. L905.
Type locality: Guadalupe Mountains, Texas.

Range: Known only from the type locality.

The type was collected only two miles from the Now Mexico lino, and the Bp<
with but little doubt, occurs at the north end of the range in New Mexico,

2. BETULA L. Birch.

Small tree or large shrub with slender stems; Bterile flowers 3 to each shield-shaped
scale of the calkin; fertile flowers 2 or 3 to each 3-lobed bract, the bracts thin, decidu-
ous; fertile catkins ovoid tocylindric.

1. Betula fontinalis Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 31: 239. 1901.

Betula micropkylla fontinalis Janes, Contr. West. Bot. 12:77. 1908.

Type locality: "On the Sweetwater, one of the branches of the Pis

Hanoi:: British America to Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: San Juan Valley; Tunitcha Mountains; Paquate. Along streams,
in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Bones.

164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. ALNUS Hill. Alder.

Shrubs or small trees with thin toothed leaves; sterile catkins with 4 or 5 bract-
lets and 3 flowers upon each scale; fertile catkins ovoid or ellipsoid, the scales each
subtending 2 flowers and a group of 4 small scales, the latter becoming woody in
fruit, wedge-obovate.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves rounded to truncate at the base, somewhat lobed, ovate to

broadly oblong; stamens 4 1. A. tenuifolia.

Leaves usually cuneate or at least narrowed at the base, seldom
lobed, the younger ones lanceolate, the older elliptic or ob-
long; stamens 1 to 3, usually 2 2. A.oblongifolia.

1. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 32. 1842.

Type locality: "On the borders of small streams within the Range of the Rocky
Mountains, and afterwards in the valleys of the Blue Mountains of Oregon."

Range: British America to California and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas
mountains. Along streams, in the Transition Zone. .

The powdered bark of the alder, together with ashes of Juniperus monosperma and
a decoction of Cercocarpus montanus, were used by the Navahos in preparing a
red dye for wool.

2. Alnus oblongifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 204. 1859.
Alnus acuminata H. B. K. err. det. many authors.

Type locality: Banks of the Mimbres and near Santa Barbara, New Mexico.
Type collected by Wright (no. 1864).

Range: Southern Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Magdalena Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range. Along
streams, in the Transition Zone.

33. FAGACEAE. Beech Family.

1. QUERCUS L. Oak.

Low shrubs or large trees with rough bark on the older stems and hard tough wood ;
leaves chlorophyll green and deciduous, or bluish or grayish green and persistent
almost or quite until the appearance of the leaves of the following season, of various
shapes, size, and texture, generally short-pet ioled, mostly more or less stellate-
pubescent at some time; flowers monoecious, the staminate usually in slender pendu-
lous aments, the pistillate solitary or in few-flowered spikelike aments, appearing
with the leaves; fruit (acorn) a nut varying in shape and size with the species, the
cup being also of varying size and shape.

The treatment here given follows that of Doctor Rydberg, 1 and much of the work
was done in consultation with him, while examining a rather extended series of New
Mexican specimens. The species listed cover the material at New York and Wash-
ington and that in the herbarium of the New Mexico Agricultural College. With the
use of this material is combined the field experience of Doctor Rydberg and the
authors, extending over a number of years of careful study of the genus.

The attitude here assumed is that forms represented by numerous individuals that
are easily distinguishable in the field and herbarium are worthy of separate names.
Whether one calls them species or subspecies matters little; we prefer the former and
the forms are so treated here.

1 The Oaks of the Continental Divide. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 187. 1901.

WOOTOX AND STAXDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 165

There are several well-marked groups of closely-related species, the mosl conspicuous
of which is that clustered about Q. gambelii, including Q. utaJu n '/mollis, Q.

gunnisonii, Q. vreelandii, Q. novomexicana, and Q. leptophylla, all of which have
green deciduous leaves of much the same texture and outline with varying degrees of
pubescence. Another group is that consisting of shrubs of small or large size (never
forming trees) of the higher mountains, having more or less persistent blue green
leaves — Q. undulata, Q. fendleri, Q. rydbergiana. Yet another well-marked group
contains the low trees of the southern part of the State, occurring among the rocks
and canyons of the drier and botter mountains. These are Q. grisea, Q. arizonica, and
Q. reticulata, the last being a large tree in the mountains of New Mexico. A single
chestnut oak, known from two stations, is Q. muhlenbergii, a most unexpected find.

The affiliations of the other species are not so easily seen, each species standing
more or less by itself in New Mexico.

Acorns of the different oaks were formerly used by the Indians as food. They were
boiled or roasted or sometimes dried and ground into flour.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Acorns sericeous-tomentose inside, maturing the second year 1. Q. hypoUuca.

Acorns not sericeous-tomentose inside, maturing the first year.
Leaves bluish, grayish, or yellowish green (never bright
chlorophyll green), more or less coriaceous, mostly
persisting until the appearance of new leaves, hence
the plant leafy all the time.

Leaves not persisting; medium-sized shrub 2. Q. fendleri.

Old leaves persisting till after the appearance of the
young ones; shrubs or trees.
Mature plants shrubs, never trees.

Plant about 1 meter high, with very small

acorns and leaves 4 . Q. rydbi rgiana.

Plants more than a meter high, the leaves and
acorns large.

Leaves fulvous beneath; cup turbinate (». Q. turbinella.

Leaves not fulvous beneath; cup hemis-
pheric.
Leaves only moderately coriaceous,
neither spinulose-toothed nor

crisped :?. Q. undulata.

Leaves strongly coriaceous, much

crisped and spinulose-toothed... 5. Q. pungem.
Mature plants Tncs (shrubby forms immature,
usually not fruiting).
Scales of the cup thin, only alightly corky-
thickened on the back; mature leavi
yellowish green.
Leaves of the same color en both surfaces. . 7. (j. emoryx.
I., ives fulvous beneath, especially when

young 8. (J. nilruiii.

Scales of the cup corky-thickened on the Lack;
leaves fulvous beneath, glabrate above.
Acorn large; mature leaves all more or I
conspicuously toothed (resembling
those of Q.fendUri) Q ■ fuaa.

166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Acorns of medium size; only the younger
leaves conspicuously toothed.
Leaves large, obovate, strongly reticu-
late; teeth small and numerous 13. Q. reticulata.

Leaves of medium size, oblong, only

slightly reticulate, entire or with

few coarse teeth.

Leaves and twigs of the year glabrous

in age; leaves rarely with any

teeth 10. Q. oblongifolia.

Leaves permanently and densely
stellate-pubescent beneath, as
also the twigs of the year; leaves
various.

Cup shallow; acorn acute 12. Q. arizonica.

Cup deep, covering one-third the

acorn; acorntruncateorobtuse.il. Q. grisea.
Leaves chlorophyll green, not coriaceous, deciduous in the
fall, hence the plants leafless in the winter.
Leaves coarsely serrate-toothed with numerous teeth

from base to apex, not truly lobed 14. Q. muhlenbergii.

Leaves more or less sinuate ly lobed.

Low shrubs, never forming trees; leaves small, 7 cm.
long or less.
Lobes few and shallow, appearing as a few large
teeth; some of the leaves obovate in

outline 15. Q. media.

Lobes deep and more numerous; leaves oblong
in outline.
Acorns very large, 25 mm. long; a plant of

the southeastern sandhills 16. Q. havardii.

Acorns small, 10 mm. long or less, racemose;
plant of the mountains of the northern

part of the State 17. Q. venustula.

Taller shrubs or trees with large, deeply lobed leaves

mostly 10 cm. long or more.

Mature leaves soft-pubescent and almost velvety

beneath.

Scales of the cup thin, little thickened on

the back; leaves distinctly obovate

in outline 18. Q. submollis.

Scales of the cup thickened on the back;
leaves mostly oblong, only slightly

broadened upward 19. Q. utahensis.

Mature leaves not velvety beneath, usually
glabrate, sometimes slightly pubescent,
especially on the veins.
Cup saucer-shaped, covering less than one-
fourth of the acorn 20. Q. vreelandii.

Cup hemispheric, covering one-third to half
the acorn.
Acorns ovoid, acute; cup covering

about half the acorn 24. Q. gambelii.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 167

Acorns barrel-shaped, obtuse; cup

various.

Mature leaves thin, large, obovate,

cuneate, dark green above ; acom

very short, frequently more than

half in the cup 21. Q. leptophylla.

Mature leaves firm, deeply lobed;

acorns longer, about one-third in

the cup.

Leaves oblong, lobed half way to

the midrib, dull-colored; lobes

usually simple 22. Q. gunnisonii.

Leaves obovate, lobed more than
half way to the midrib, dark
green above; lobes frequently
again lobed 23. Q. novomexicana.

1. Quercus hypoleuca Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 384. 1876.

White-leap oak.
Type locality: Arizona.

Range: Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Common from the Black Range and the Mogollon Mountains south
to the Mexican border. Low dry mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

One of the two easily recognizable species of the State, occurring only in the moun-
tains of the southwestern part. It becomes a tree 10 meters high or occasionally higher,
but is frequently found as a small bush forming clumps. The leaves are characterLst Lc,
being very thick and leathery, oblong-lanceolate, entire or with a few coarse teeth
near the apex, yellowish green and glabrous above, densely white-woolly beneath.
The tree is well worth cultivation for decorative purposes.

2. Quercus fendleri Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 170. 1854.

Fendler oak.

Quercus undulata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 2 : 23. 1864, in part.

Quercus undulata peduneulata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 2 : 23. 1864.

Quercus undulata Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 8: 75. 1895, in part.

Type locality: New Mexico, probably near Santa Fe. Type collected by Fendler
(no. 805).

Range: Southern Colorado, northern New Mexico, and Arizona, and in the Pan-
handle region of Texas.

New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Raton; El Rito Creek; Ramah;
Sandia Mountains; East View; Gallinas Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains;
Buchanan; Duran. Drier mountains, in the Transition Zone.

This is very near Quercus undulata, with which it is usually geographically asso-
ciated, being separated from that species merely by size of the parts and t he persistence
of the leaves. It is practically impossible to distinguish ordinary herbarium speci-
mens showing leaves and fruit. Doctor Rydberg's key puts them in two different
subsections on the ground of persistence of leaves, thus throwing Q. undulata next
Q. pungens, which has a very different zonal distribution in New Mexico.

3. Quercus undulata Ton . Ann. Lye. X. Y. 2: 248. 1S28.

Quercus undulata jamerii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 382. ls;t;.

Typk locality: "Sources of the Canadian and the Rock] Mountains," Colorado
or New Mexico.

Range: Northern New Mexico and Arizona and southern Colorado, and western
Texas.

New Mexico: 61orieta;25 miles south of Gallup; Pajarito Park; East View; Gallinas
Mountains; Buchanan; Duran; Guadalupe Mountain-; Sierra Grande; Organ Moun-
tains. l»rier mountains, in the Transition Zone, extending down into the Upper
Sonoran.

168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

What is here accepted as Quercus undulata is a low, straggling shrub 1 to 3 meters
high, with small oblong leaves 3 to 5 cm. long, their margins sinuate-dentate, the
teeth few and distinctly cuspidate but not spinulose. The leaves are firm but not
coriaceous, and Doctor Rydberg believes them to be blue green, although from the
type specimen and the description it is impossible to determine this. However,
this is the common type of plant having the other characteristics ascribed to the
species that is to be found in eastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico, the
region from which the type came.

The plant here accepted is one of the two common shrubs having blue green leaves
in the mountains of the northern part of the State. It also occurs as a low shrub high
up on the peaks of the dry, rocky mountains of the southern part, a thousand feet or
more above the common live oaks of that region. The acorns are rather small, 10 to
15 mm. long, in a thickened, hemispherical cup.

4. Quercus rydbergiana Cockerell, Torreya 3: 7. 1903.
Quercus undulata rydbergiana Cockerell, Torreya 3: 86. 1903.

Type locality: Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by Cockerell.

Range: Mountains of the north central part of New Mexico.

New Mexico: Las Vegas Mountains; Cebolla Springs. Transition Zone.

A small bush, 1 meter high or less, with small (2 to 4 cm. long), oblong, bluish green
leaves with a few coarse sinuate lobelike teeth. The acorns are very small, less than
1 cm. long, in a shallow cup whose scales are very small, numerous, and somewhat
thickened on the back.

This certainly is a relative of what 4s here regarded as Q. undulata, and Professor
Cockerell may be right in reducing it to a subspecies of that, but it is more easily
separable from Q. undulata than is Q. fendleri and is more distinct than the various
species or subspecies, as one chooses to consider them, that are grouped around Q.
gambelii. There is little doubt that the various Rocky Mountain species hybridize
readily, as seems to be the case with the eastern members of the genus.

5. Quercus pungens Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854.
Quercus undulata tvrightii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 382. 1876, in part.
Quercus undulata pungens Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 392. 1876.

Type locality: "Texas & Nov. Mexico. — California."

Range: Western Texas, New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Mangas Springs; Silver City; Black Range;
Big Hatchet Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; mountains west of San Antonio;
Carrizalillo Mountains; Organ Mountains; Queen; Socorro Mountain. Dry, rocky
mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

A scrubby bush, 2 to 3 meters high, with small, coriaceous, spiny-toothed leaves on
rather slender branches. Doctor Rydberg may be right in his belief that it is most
closely related to Q. undulata, but it seems to be allied with Q . toumeyi and Q. turbinella.
It is possible that the specimens referred in this treatment to Q. turbinella more
properly belong to this species.

6. Quercus turbinella Greene, W. Amer. Oaks 1: 37. 1889.
Type locality: Mountains of Lower California.

Range: Lower California to southwestern New Mexico and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Socorro; Magdalena Mountains; Cook Spring.
Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

A shrub (or low tree ?) with small (1 to 3 cm. long), oblong, elliptic, or oval leaves,
bluish green above, fulvous beneath, sinuate-dentate wth spiny teeth. The acorn
is elongated, acute, with a turbinate cup whose scales are only slightly thickened.

It is possible, not to say probable, that further study in the field will show that true
Q. turbinella, which was named from the Calif omian peninsula, does not come into
New Mexico at all.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 169

7. Quercus emoryi Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 152. 1848. Black oak.
Quercus hastata Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854.

Type locality: "Common on the elevated country between the Del Norte and the
Gila," New Mexico. The type specimen is from Pigeon Creek (Las Palomas), and
was collected by Emory.

Range: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, extreme
western Texas, and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Kingston; Bear Mountains; Animas Mountains; San Luis Mountains;
Fort Bayard. Upper Sonoran Zone, occasionally extending down into the Lower
Sonoran.

This is the common black oak of the southwestern part of the State and is easily
recognizable. It deserves its name, since the bark is black and thick. The leaves
are pale yellowish green, of about the same color on both surfaces, more or less yellow-
ish brown pubescent on the main nerves, oblong, flat, not crispate, coarsely sinuate-
dentate with spinulose teeth. The acorns are small and acute, with a shallow cup
•having pale yellowish brown scales not thickened on the back. They are produced
early in the season and are much appreciated by the animals of the region. The
species shows a tendency to hybridize.

Quercus emoryi X pungens.

A specimen from the Rio Frisco, near Alma, collected in 1906 by Vernon Bailey
(no. 1058), has the acorn cup of Q. pungens, the acorn elongated and acute as in Q.
emoryi, while the leaves are intermediate between those of the two species.

8. Quercus wilcoxii Rydb. Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 227. 1901.
Type locality: Fort Huachuca, Arizona.

Range: Mountains of southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent
Mexico.

New Mexico: San Luis Mountains; Animas Peak; Bear Mountain; Billiards Peak.
Upper Sonoran Zone.

Mature plants of this species are medium-sized trees, though the young plants often
are low and shrubby and form a moderately thick growth on the mountain sides. It
is probable that some of the material here referred to Q. pungens is from young plants
of Q. wilcoxii. The latter species reaches only the extreme southwestern border of
the State. Mature leaves on fruiting trees are mostly elliptic and abruptly acute,
very coriaceous, and with involute margins. Leaves on sterile shoots are crisped and
have several coarse, triangular, strongly spiny teeth. All the leaves are distinctly
yellow to tawny beneath when young, but the pubescence disappears, leaving them
whit iah or pule. The leaves are a yellowish or grayish green when growing.

The species includes the material from southeastern Arizona and the adjacent
country which has passed as Q. chrysolepis. It is readily recognized by the acorns,
the Californian species having an acorn easily three times as large as that of Q. wilcoxii,
with a very much thickened cup.

9. Quercus confusaWoot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: llii. L913.
Typk locality: On Ruidoso Creek, 5 miles east of Ruidoso Post Office, New Mexico.

Type collected hy Wooton, August 5, 1901.

Rangk: White Mountains of New Mexico, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

A moderately large tree, 5 to 7 meters high, With oblong, ginuate-dentate leaves

almost velvety beneath with yellowish stellate hairs; acorns l'o to 23 nun. long, barrel-
ihaped, obtuse, aboul .'{ timee ae long as the cup.

This species is most nearly related to Q.fendleri, bom which it differs En 1>« d
tree, having still Larger leaves (persistent?) of the same general type, and in havings
larger acorn. Ti occurs at a lower level than is common larQ.fmdUri, being a1 home

in the Upper Son. nan instead Of the Transition Zone, although thfl latter sometimes
comes into the Upper Sonoran.

170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

10. Quercus oblongifolia Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuiii & Colo. 173. 1853.
Type locality: "Western New Mexico." Arizona was a part of New Mexico at

this time and, as the expedition started from what is now extreme western New
Mexico, this locality must have been in western Arizona.

Range: Western and southern Arizona, southeastern California, southwestern New
Mexico, and adjacent Sonora.

New Mexico: Dog Spring; Guadalupe Canyon. Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

This species has frequently been confused with Q. undulata, Q. grisea, and Q. ari-'
zonica. The characters used in the key will separate these species at once. This is
not at all closely related to the first-named species, but very near the other two. When
mature it is a low, spreading tree of the live-oak type with oblong leaves which are
wholly glabrous, as are the young twigs.

11. Quercus grisea Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854.
Quercus undulata grisea Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 393. 1877.

Type locality: "Texas. Nov. Mexico pr. el Paso." The type is Wright's 665 from
western Texas.

Range: Western Texas, New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Santa Clara Canyon; Magdalena Mountains;
Bear Mountain; Florida Mountains; near Hermosa; Organ Mountains; Guadalupe
Mountains; White Mountains; Llano Estacado; San Luis Mountains; Kingston; Burro
Mountains. Drier, rocky foothills of the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

New Mexico seems to be the region in which Q. grisea and Q. arizonica meet, the
former coming in from Texas and the latter from Arizona. They are closely related
species, possibly too closely for convenient separation, but there are slight differences
in the general form of the trees, hard to describe but moderately easy to see, and the
acorns are noticeably different.

Generally speaking, Q. grisea is a low scrubby tree (young ones which do not yet
bear forming much of the scrub oak of the lower slopes of the mountains in the southern
part of the State), small groups of which growing in open canyons or on slopes fre-
quently give the impression of an old apple orchard. Q. arizonica is usually a larger
tree, though never with a very tall trunk. It is commonly much branched from
near the base and wide spreading.

Quercus grisea is variously confused by different authors with Q. undulata, a low
shrub of the mountains of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado, and with
Q. oblongi/olia, a tree from farther west.

Quercus grisea X emoryi.

A large, round-topped tree with dark gray trunk and limbs, and slender young
twigs with dense, yellowish, stellate pubescence; young leaves yellowish green,
becoming gray-green and glabrous above; most of the leaves oblong, entire, some with
a few coarse, spinulose teeth, their texture subcoriaceous, thinner than in either of
the species; young fruit with the cup of Q. grisea.

Collected on the Rio Frisco near Lone Pine, in 1904, by E. 0. Wooton (no. 3115).
This may prove to be a new species, rather than a hybrid.

12. Quercus arizonica Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 92. 1895. Arizona oak.
Type locality: Southern Arizona.

Range : Southern New Mexico and Arizona and adjacent Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Clara Canyon; Mogollon Mountains; Bear Mountain; Black
Range; Burro Mountains; Big Hatchet Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Lordsburg;
Animas Mountains; Organ Mountains; Oscuro Mountains; Capitan Mountains; White
Mountains. Lower parts of drier mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

This and Q. grisea are the common live oak trees of the drier and lower mountains
of the southern part of the State. They are commonly found among the rocks and

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 171

open canyons of the mountains, associated with junipers and pinyon. The leaves
are exceedingly variable in form, from oblong-elliptic, flat, and entire to sinuate-
dentate with the large teeth more or less spine-tipped and decidedly crisped. The
texture is always subcoriaceous, and the living leaves are bluish green (never chlo-
rophyll green) above and glabra te, not shining, duller and stellate-pubescent beneath,
with prominent veins. The leaf approximates typical Q. pungens on the one side
and Q. reticulata on the other. The leaves of Q. arizonica and Q. grisea are hardly
distinguishable, although those of the latter are usually smaller and less sinuate-
dentate. The acorns are noticeably different: In Q. arizonica the cup is shallow and
covers only the lower fifth of the rather slender acute acorn, while the acorn of
Q. grisea is barrel-shaped, shorter, and almost truncate, the cup covering fully one-
third of the acorn, and the scales being much more noticeably corky-thickened.

Quercus arizonica X grisea.

At Van Pattens Camp in the Organ Mountains there is a single tree, growing with
others of Q. grisea and Q. arizonica, which it is impossible to distinguish from the
latter by vegetative characters, but the acorn of which is very peculiar. It is of the
general barrel shape of Q. grisea and truncate, but is as long as the largest Q. arizonica
and the cup is deeper than in either of the species and twice as much thickened. It
was impossible to find more than the one tree with this kind of fruit in the region,
although the two species are common there.

13. Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 2: 40. 1809.

Type locality: "Habitat in montibus aridis Novae Hispaniae [Mexico], inter
Guanajuato et Santa Rosa."

Range : Mountains of extreme southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and
northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Florida Mountains; Animas Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Mogo-
llon Mountains. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

This species is a large tree in Mexico, but in our range is a straggling bush only a
few meters high. It is somewhat closely related to Q. arizonica, but typical leaves
are considerably larger, obovate, merely repand-dentate with rather small teeth, and
strongly reticulate. They are dull green above and paler beneath, and the veins
below are covered with yellowish brown pubescence.

14. Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 391. 1877.

Chestnut oak.

Quercus prinus acuminata Michx. Hist. Chenes Amcr. no. 5. pi. S. 1801.

Quercus acuminata Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 93. 1895.

Type locality: Pennsylvania.

Range: Vermont to Minnesota, Florida, and eastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: East base of Capitan Mountains (Bai/<// 141). Upper Sonoran or
lower part of the Transition Zone.

Mr. Vernon Bailey says this plant is common on Coyote Creek near Guadalupita,
but specimens collected there are not at hand. He also collected it in the Guadalupe
Mountains of Texas near the New Mexico border in 1901. These three stations extend
the range of the species some hundreds of miles westward and add another type of
oak to those of our State. The material corresponds very well with specimens from
Kansas and Arkansas, hut tin; leaves an- Bomewhat smaller and relatively longer
petioled than in plants from farther east. The acorns are aboul t\ pica! a-' to shape,
butslightly smaller than those of the eastern tree.

15. Quercus media Woot. & Standi. Contr. 8. Nat. Serb. 16: L16. L918
Tvi'K locality: Glorieta, New Mexico. Type collected bj Wooton, August M,

1910.

Ranch:: Northeastern New Mexico.

172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Glorieta; Oak Canyon, Folsom. Transition Zone.

A low shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with oblong to obovate, sinuate-dentate leaves;
acorns small, 10 to 13 mm. long, acute.

Assuming that Q. undulata is a species with bluish green, persistent leaves, this
species resembles it in nearly all particulars except that its leaves are bright chloro-
phyll green and probably deciduous. This would make it intermediate between the
two groups of the region — the blue green leaved species, which it resembles in habit
and shape of leaf, and the green-leaved species, which it resembles in color and tex-
ture of leaves and time of shedding them. It might be a hybrid, but the plant was-
very common about Glorieta, forming numerous clumps of bushes a rod or so in
diameter, and Mr. Howell's plant from Folsom is almost a perfect match from a
similar region farther east.

16. Quercus havardii Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 213. 1901.

Shinnery oak.

Type locality: Sand hills on the Staked Plains, Texas. Type collected by Ha-
vard (no. 51).

Range : Western Texas and eastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Roswell; sandhills 35 miles east of Carlsbad. Sand hills, in the
Lower Sonoran Zone.

This is a low shrub, rarely over 70 cm. high, forming a tolerably thick growth on
the sand hills of southeastern New Mexico east of the Pecos Valley. The plant is gen-
erally spoken of as "shinnery" or "shin-oak" and the sands it covers go by the name
of "shinnery sands." Its leaves are bright green and deciduous, glabrous above,
somewhat paler and velutinous beneath, oblong in form, 6 cm. long or less, coarsely
sinuate-lobed or dentate with a few teeth. The acorn is the largest borne by any
species in New Mexico, the cup hemispheric, the upper scales slightly or not at all
thickened, acuminate, the lower ones somewhat thickened; the acorn 20 mm. long
and three-fourths as broad, obtuse.

17. Quercus venustula Greene, W. Amer. Oaks 2: 69. 1890.

Type locality: "Mountains of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico; plen-
tiful near Trinidad, and also on higher mountains farther southward."

Range: Southern Colorado and northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; White Moun-
tains. Mountains, in the Transition Zone.

A low shrub, with deciduous leaves; these small (3 to 4 cm. long), oblong, with a
few rounded coarse teeth or lobes, green above, paler and pubescent beneath. The
acorns are small, rather numerous, and racemose, the cup hemispheric, 6 or 7 mm.
in diameter, covering almost half the acute acorn. Rare in the mountains of the
northern part of the State.

18. Quercus submollis Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 202. 1901.
Type locality: Arizona.

Range : Mountains of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; south of Gallup; north of Datil; Ramah.

A low tree or shrub with deciduous green leaves, which are clliptic-obovate in
outline, with rounded, mostly two-toothed lobes and rather deep sinuses, the lower
surfaces velvety-pubescent. The young twigs are reddish brown; the acorn cup is
depressed-hemispheric, with scales scarcely thickened, and the acorn is barrel-
shaped and obtuse.

19. Quercus utahensis (A. DC.) Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 202. 1901.
Quercus stellata utahensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 2 : 22. 1864.

Type locality: "Inter Salt Lake et Sierra Nevada."

Range: Mountains of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 173

New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges. Middle elevations in the
Transition Zone.

This is the common white oak throughout the ^tate, perhaps dividing that distinc-
tion in the southern part with Q. novomexicana. It is frequently a shrub growing in
clumps and, in the mountains of the southern part of the State, equally often a solitary
tree. It often has a trunk 30 to 40 cm. in diameter, with a large spheroidal top, reach-
ing a height of 10 meters or more. The leaves are bright green above, paler and almost
velvety beneath, deciduous in late autumn, turning yellow before falling. In
outline they are broadly oblong-obovate, deeply lobed, the lobes rounded at the apex.
The acorn is of medium size, 15 to 20 mm. long, obtuse, in a thickened, hemispheric
cup.

20. Quercus vreelandii Rydb. Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 204. 1901.
Type locality: Mesa near La Veta, Colorado.

Range: Mountains of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama (Baker 280). In the Transition Zone.

The specimens upon which the species is included are doubtfully referred here by
Doctor Rydberg himself.

21. Quercus leptophylla Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 205. 1901.
Type locality: Tributaries of Turkey Creek, Colorado.

Range: Mountains of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Johnsons Mesa; Trinchera' Pass; Folsom; Chama; White Mountains.
Transition Zone.

A rough, scraggy tree with dark bark, very crooked limbs, small top, large obovate
dark green leaves, and a short acorn about half covered by the cup. It grows
commonly in clusters on the sides of canyons in the mountains, or on the high mesas
of the northern and eastern parts of the State. The acorns are rarely abundantly
produced.

22. Quercus gunnisonii (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 206. pi t6. J. 3.
1901.

Quercus alba gunnisonii Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2': 130. 1855.

Quercus undulata gunnisonii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 382. 1876.

Type locality: "Coochetopa Pass, Sierra San Juan," Colorado.

Range: Mountains of southern Colorado and Utah and northern New Mexico and
Arizona.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Dulce; Raton Mountains; Folsom;
Pecos; East View; Luna Valley; Gallinas Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone.

One of the common shrubby oaks of the northern part of the Stale, resembling
Q. gambclii, coming into our range from Colorado and Utah. The leaves are oblong
in outline, sinuately lobed, green, deciduous, not velvety beneath. The acorn is
obtuse, barrel-shaped, in a much thickened and rather deep cup. In general appear-
ance it approaches most closely (>. utaheruw, but is to be distinguished from that
species by the absence of a velvety pubescence on the back of the mature leaves.

23. Quercus novomexicana ( A . DC.) Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot Gard 3: L901.
Quercus douglasii novomexicarui A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 24 1864.

Quercus nil, sec* Rydb. Bull. X. Y. Hot. <!ard. 2: 207. L901

Type locality: Santa Fe. New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. -

Range: Mountains of New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Santa Fe an ' luntains; S

Mount. iiu>; I'atnah; Iv.isl View; liogollon Mountain-; Black R .m lfounl

White and Sacramento mountains. Transition Zone.

A shrub in the mountains of the ooTtheni pari of the State, bul frequently I oming

a good -sized tree to the southern pan. The mature Leave* are about th< moog

174 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

the deciduous-leaved species, being frequently more than 10 cm. long and half as
broad. They are of a rich dark green and glabrous on the upper surface and much
paler beneath. In outline the leaves are broadly elliptic-obovate, deeply pinnate-
lobed, the rounded, open sinuses reaching three-fourths the way to the midrib. The
lobes are broadly oblong to triangular, rounded toward the acute or obtuse apex, and
many of them bilobate. The acorns are large, with hemispheric cups having mod-
erately thickened scales.

A queer form which seems to be most nearly related to this species is shown in
Standley's 4755 from "Winsors Ranch, where it is common on rich hillsides. The
leaves are divided to within 2 or 3 mm. of the midrib, the segments reduced in num-
ber and size; in a few cases the leaf is reduced to a long-ob lanceolate form less than 1
cm. wide at the obtuse tip, without lobes of any kind.

24. Quercus gambelii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 179. 1848. Gambel oak.

Quercus douglasii gambelii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 2 : 23. 1864, in part.

Quercus undulata gambelii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 382. 1876.

Type locality: Banks of the Rio Grande, New Mexico, west of Santa Fe. Type
collected by Gambel.

Range: Mountains of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

New Mexico: Chama; Tierra Amarilla; Canjilon; Santa Fe and Las Vegas moun-
tains; Johnsons Mesa; Sandia Mountains; Zuni Mountains; East View. At middle
elevations, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

The original description of this species applies to a shrubby, deciduous, green-
leaved oak with an acute acorn, from the region of Santa Fe. Such an oak is to be
found in that region, although it is by no means the common form. Most of the de-
ciduous, green-leaved oaks of New Mexico and Colorado have obtuse or truncate
acorns, and are to be found listed here under other names. If one were to consider
all the white oaks of the State as belonging to a single species, it should be called Q.
gambelii; but there are numerous easily recognizable variants of that type and our
judgment as to their proper recognition is expressed in this treatment.

Order 20. TTRTICALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Fruit a samara or drupe, sometimes nutlike 34. ULMACEAE (p. 174).

Fruit an achene.

Flowers on the outside or inside of a recepta-
cle; fruits forming syncarps; sepals ac-
crescent, enveloping the achenes 35. MORACEAE (p. 175).

Flowers not on a receptacle ; fruits not forming
syncarps; sepals neither thick and juicy
nor enveloping the achenes.
Style or stigma 1; ovule erect; filaments

inflexed in the bud 36. URTICACEAE (p. 176).

Styles or stigmas 2; ovule pendulous; fila-
ments erect in bud 37. CANNABINACEAE (p. 177).

34. ULMACEAE. Elm Family.

1. CELTIS L. Hackberry.

A small tree or large shrub; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate,
reticulate, cordate and very unequal at the base; flowers greenish, axillary, the
fertile solitary or in pairs, appearing with leaves; calyx 5 or 6-parted, persistent;
Btamens 5 or 6; ovary 1-celled, with a single ovule.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 175

1. Celtis reticulata Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 247. 1824.

Type locality: "Base of the Rocky Mountains," Colorado or New Mexico.

Range: Colorado to Arizona and Texas and southward.

New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Santa Rita; Burro Mountains; Black Range; Florida
Mountains; Guadalupe Canyon; Organ Mountains; Guadalupe Mountains; White
Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The berries of this tree are edible and were often eaten by the Indians.

35. MORACEAE. Mulberry Family.
1. MORTJS L. Mulberry.

Ours a small scraggy tree with alternate ovate small (3 to 6 cm. long) serrate leaves,
these usually 3 to 5-lobed, acute; flowers dioecious, small and inconspicuous, green;
fruit technically a "multiple fruit," consisting of a cylindrical or oblong cluster of
separate 1-seeded berries, the whole appearing to be a single fruit.

Morus alba L. is extensively cultivated in New Mexico as a shade tree and for its
fruit. The trees are of two kinds, staminate and pistillate, the former being much
more desirable as shade trees. This species occasionally occurs as an escape.

1. Morus microphylla Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 8. 1863.

Morus vernonii Greene, Leaflets 2: 115. 1910.

Morus vitifolia Greene, op. cit. 116.

Morus goldmanii Greene, op. cit. 117.

Morus betulifolia Greene, op. cit. 117.

Morus canina Greene, op. cit. 118.

Morus albida Greene, op. cit. 118.

Morus crataegifolia Greene, op. cit. 119.

Morus radulina Greene, op. cit. 119.

Morus confinis Greene, op. cit. 119.

Type locality: "Western Texas."

Range: Texas to Arizona, southward into Mexico.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Black Range; Dog Spring;
Little Florida Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains; Ruidoso; Queen.
Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

We are unable to distinguish from typical Morus microphylla the numerous plants
to which Doctor Greene's names were given. There is some slight variation in the
outline of the leaves, but. ;is shown by the extraordinary variation in those of indi-
viduals of Moms rubra, the species of this genus can not be separated by leaf form
alone. This inconstancy is strongly realized when mature leaves and those from
young sprouts of the same tree are compared. There seems to be no variation in
pubescence.

The type of Moms vernonii came from the Chisos Mountains of western Texas;
thai of M. vitifolia from the Dona Ana Mountains | Wboton <(• Standley in 1906); thai of
.1/. goldmanii from the Little Florida Mountains (Goldman in L908); thai of U. betuli-
folia from the Organ Mountains (Standley in L906); thai of M. canina from Dog Spring
i Mums in 1892); that of .1/. albida from Berendo (misspelled Berend in Doctor
Greene's citation of the locality) Creek (Metcalfe in L904);thatof ' foKa from

the Blue River, southeastern Arizona; that of M, radulina from Beaver Creek

and that of .1/. rmijiiiis from Santa Rita Mountains, southern Arizona.

The species is a stunted, irregular tree 5 meters high or less, with small
leaves. The red fruit is palatable when ripe, having a pleasanl acid flavor. The

trees occur chiefly in arroyos of the foothills and on the drier slopes of the mountain-

176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

36. TJRTICACEAE. Nettle Family.

Usually coarse, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous herbs, often armed with
stinging hairs; leaves simple, opposite or alternate; flowers inconspicuous, greenish,
in axillary simple or compound cymes.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Plants armed with stinging hairs; leaves opposite; inflores-
cence not involucrate 1. TIrtica (p. 176).

Plants without stinging hairs; leaves opposite or alternate;
inflorescence various.

Flower clusters not involucrate; leaves opposite 2. Boehmeria (p. 176).

Flower clusters surrounded by an involucre; leaves

alternate 3. Parietaria (p. 177).

1. TJRTTCA L. Nettle.

Coarse annual or perennial herbs armed with stinging hairs; leaves opposite, toothed;
flowers in axillary cymes, these often panicled; achenes flattened.

Our species are inconspicuous plants found chiefly in moist, shaded places in the
mountains.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Teeth of the leaves ovate, strongly directed forward; stems armed
with rather few stinging hairs, otherwise glabrous; leaves
lanceolate 1. U. gracilis.

Teeth of the leaves broadly triangular, salient, not strongly directed
forward; stems armed with numerous stinging hairs, strigose;
leaves commonly ovate 2. U. gracilenta.

1. Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 341. 1789.
Type locality: "Native of Hudson's Bay."

Range: British America to Arizona, Texas, and Louisiana.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains;
Clayton; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Damp woods and
canyons, in the Transition Zone.

2. TJrtica gracilenta Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 8: 122. 1881.

Type locality: Mimbres Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by E. L.
Greene.

Range: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. Damp
thickets, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. BOEHMERIA Jacq. False nettle.

A coarse stout unarmed perennial herb, 30 to 80 cm. high, with opposite, petioled,
pubescent, coarsely serrate, lanceolate leaves; flowers in axillary spikes; stems finely
pubescent.

1. Boehmeria scabra (Porter) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 358. 1903.
Boehmeria ajlindrica scabra Porter, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 21. 1889.
Type locality: "Crawford and Lancaster counties," Pennsylvania.
Range: New York to Michigan, Florida, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Roswell (Earle 265).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OP NEW MEXICO. 177

3. PARIETARIA L. Pellitory.

Low annuals with alternate thin petioled entire leaves; inflorescence axillary,
surrounded by an involucre of 2 to 6 more or less united bracts; achenes nearly terete.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Involucre 2 to 3 times as long as the flowers; stems simple or

sparingly branched ] . P. pennsylvanica.

Involucre about equaling the flowers or very slightly surpassing

them; stems much branched at the base, stouter 2. P. obtusa.

1. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 955. 1806.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.

Range: British America to Florida and Mexico.

New Mexico: North Percha Creek; Sierra Grande. Damp ground, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

2. Parietaria obtusa Rydb. in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 359. 1903.
Type locality: Southern Utah.

Range: Colorado and Utah to Texas and Arizona.

New Mexico: Gila Hot Springs; mountains west of San Antonio; < >rgan Mountains.
Damp ground, chiefly in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

37. CANNABINACEAE. Hemp Family.

1. HUMTJLTJS L. Hop.

A climbing perennial herb ; flowers dioecious, the staminate in loose axillary panicles,
the pistillate in short axillary spikes; bracts foliaceous, imbricated; leaves palmately
3 to 5-lobed; fruiting calyx and other parts of the plant covered with yellow resinous
dots.

1. Humulus lupulus neomexicanus Nels. & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington 16: 45. 1903.

Type locality: Beulah, New Mexico.

Range: Wyoming to New Mexico.

New Mexico: Mountains westof Grant; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains;
Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; ^Tiite Mountains. Thickets,
in the Transition Zone.

Order 21. SANTALALES.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Leaves opposite; fruit a berry ; tree parasites 38. LORANTHACEAE i p. 177K

Leaves alternate; fruit a drupe or nut; rootparasites.39. SANTALACEAE i j>. L81).

38. LORANTHACEAE. Mistletoe Family.

Evergreen plants parasitic on shrubs and trees, yellowish or brownish green; branches
dichotomous, the joints swollen; Leaves opposite, thick, entire, often reduced to con-
nate scales; Sowers small and inconspicuous, greenish, dioecious; Bepals 2 to ■"■: stamens
of the same number and inserted on the Bepals; ovary inferior, l-ceiled; fruit a berry
with a viscid endocarp.

ki.v TO Tin-: QENBBA.

Berry compressed, fleshy, opaque; anthers L-celled;

leaves all reduced to connat I. Raxouxofskta (p 17

Berry globose, pulpy, Bemitransparenf ; anthers 2-celled;

[eaves usually large and foliaceous 2. Phobadi htdbom (p. i

r.L'.-.7G°— 15 12

178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm.

Small stout branched plants, with little or no greenish tinge, brownish or yellowish,
parasitic on the Pinaceae; branches 4-angled, glabrous; leaves scalelike; fruit a com-
pressed berry containing a single seed, maturing the second year.

In general appearance the plants resemble Phoradendron juniperinum, but they
are usually much smaller. They are of little value for decorations because of their
lack of foliaceous leaves, but the berries of some species are handsome.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Stems stout, 2 to 5 mm. in diameter; plants large, 6 to 20 cm. high.

On Pinus brachyptera 1. R. cryptopoda.

Stems slender, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter; plants usually much
smaller, 6 cm. high or less.
Plants greenish brown; accessory branches of fruiting speci-
mens mostly leaf-bearing. On Pinus edulis 2. R. divaricata.

Plants greenish yellow; accessory branches of fruiting speci-
mens flower-bearing.
Fruit nearly truncate at the apex, obovoid, not manifestly

stipitate. On Pinus jlexilis 3. R. cyanocarpa.

Fruit rounded or acutish at the apex, ellipsoid, evidently
stipitate.
Plants very slender, small, 3 cm. high or less. On

Pseudotsuga 4. R. douglasii.

Plants stouter, larger, 4 to 6 cm. high. On Picea en-

gelmanni 5. R. microcarpa.

1. Razoumofskya cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 192.

1893.
Arceuthobium robustum Engehn. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 59. 1849, nomen

nudum.
Arceuthobium cryptopodum Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850.
Razoumofskya robusta Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 587. 1891.

Type locality: "Santa Fe, only on Pinus brachyptera." Type, Fendler's no. 283.
Range : Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Common on the yellow pine (Pinus brachyptera), wherever this is
found.

2. Razoumofskya divaricata (Engelm.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 192.

1893.
Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelm. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6:

254. 1878.
Type locality: "On Nut-pines (P. edulis and monophylla) from southern Colorado
through New Mexico to Arizona."
Range: Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Santa Fe; Mogollon Creek; Tele-
graph Mountains; Fort Bayard; Burro Mountains. On Pinus edulis.

3. Razoumofskya cyanocarpa A. Nels.; Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100:

101. 1906.
Arceuthobium cyanocarpum A. Nels. in Coulter, New Man. Rocky Mount. 146. 1909.
Type locality: "Parasitic on Pinus Jlexilis, from Wyo. to Colo."
Range: Wyoming to New Mexico.
New Mexico: Hillsboro Peak; East Canyon. On Pinus Jlexilis.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY — FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 179

4. Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 587. 1891.
Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. in Wheeler, Rep. TJ. S. Surv. 100th Merid 6* "53

1878.

Type locality: "On Pseudotsuga douglasii from New Mexico (on Santa Fe River,
Rothrock, No. 69, 1874) to Utah, Parry, Siler, and Northern Arizona, Camp Apache
G. K. Gilbert (109), 1873."

Range: Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Santa Fe Canyon; Tunitcha Mountains. On Pseudotsuga mucronata.

5. Razoumofskya microcarpa (Engelm.) Woot. & Standi.

Arceuthobium douglasii microcarpum Engelm. in Wheeler, Rep. TJ. S. Surv. 100th
Merid. 6: 253. 1878.

Type locality: "Parasitic on Picea Engelmanni, found by Mr. Gilbert in 1873
(100 and 102) in the Sierra Blanca, Arizona."

Range: Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila {Metcalfe 493). On Picea.

The specific name is misleading, for the fruit seems to be no smaller than in related
Bpecies.

2. PHORADENDRON Nutt. Mistletoe.

Plants parasitic on the branches of trees and shrubs; stems brittle, woody, jointed,
much branched; leaves entire, thick and firm (or reduced to scales), persistent;
flowers small and inconspicuous, monoecious, in jointed axillary spikes; calyx usually
3-parted; fruit a semi transparent berry crowned with the persistent sepals.

The various species of Phoradendron found in New Mexico are among our com-
monest and most conspicuous plants, being found upon one or more kinds of trees in
almost every locality. They are true parasites, growing from seeds deposited, usually
by birds, on the branches of trees. The mistletoe does great injury to trees, espe-
cially the valley cottonwood, where planted for shade. Some species have been
observed on cultivated fruit trees. The plants when covered in the winter with their
handsome white berries are extensively used as Christmas greens. In some parts of
the State large quantities of mistletoe are gathered and sold each year, the larger
amount being shipped east.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves reduced to scalelike ovate bracts 2 mm. long or less. (On

Juniperus.) 1. P. juniperintan.

Leaves foliaceous, 6 to 60 mm. long.

Leaves elliptic, 6 to 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide or less; spikes
of the inflorescence very short, few-flowered. (On

Juniperus.) 2. /'. bollcanum.

Leaves broader and larger, more than 12 mm. long, 10 nun.
wide or more; spike long and many-flowered.
Leaves abruptly contracted into a short stout petiole,
usually orbicular or orbicular-oblong, densely
pubescent. (On oaks and other hard-wood trees.) :?. P. orbiadatwn.
Leaves attenuate to the longer petiole, obovate or oblan-
ceolate, ool densely pubescent, usually glabrous
Leaf blades conspicuously yellowish green, oblong

orobovate. (Usually on Populiuvritlizeni.). t. /'. trutcrophyllitm.
Leaf blades only slightly yellowish, oblanceolate. . •"•. /'../'

180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 58. 1849.

Juniper mistletoe.

Type locality: "Parasitic on the two kinds of shrub cedar (Juniperus) which
grow on the hills and elevated plains about Santa Fe, and on no other tree." Type
collected by Fendler (no. 281).

Range: Oregon and California to Colorado and Texas, southward into Mexico.

New Mexico: Coolidge; Santa Fe; Canjilon; Magdalena; Mogollon Mountains;
Burro Mountains; Fort Bayard; "White Mountains; Queen; Albuquerque; mountains
west of San Antonio; Cedar Ilill; Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; Tierra
Amarilla. On species of Juniperus.

The berries are handsome, but the plant is not suitable for decorative purposes
because of the lack of leaves.

2. Phoradendron bolleanum (Seem.) Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5 2 : 134. 1868.
Viscum bolleanum Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 295. pi. 63. 1856.
Phoradendron pauciflorum Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 134. 1856.
Type locality: " Sierra Madre, " Mexico.

Range: California to southern New Mexico, south into Mexico.
New Mexico: Carrizalillo Mountains; San Luis Mountains; near Dog Spring. On
species of Juniperus.

3. Phoradendron orbiculatum Engelm. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 59. 1849.
Phoradendron flavescens orbiculatum Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 212. 1850.
Type locality: "On different species of Quercus; on Q. nigra, sterile hills of

Arkansas (Engelm.); on several oaks, San Felipe, Texas (Lindheimer) ."

Range: New Jersey to Missouri, Texas, and Arizona.

New Mexico: Fort Bayard; Berendo Creek; Dona Ana and Organ mountains;
San Luis Mountains; Dog Spring; Magdalena; Guadalupe Mountains. Usually on
oaks.

This species, so far as we have seen it, is found upon nothing but oaks. It differs
from the following species chiefly in the different form of its leaves, brighter green
color, smaller size, and more abundant pubescence. It occurs, as do its hosts, only
in the mountains and foothills, never coming down into the valleys. Two of our
specimens, one from the Organ Mountains and one from Berendo Creek, have nar-
rower, lanceolate or elliptic, acutish leaves. Possibly they represent a different
species.

4. Phoradendron macrophyllum (Engelm.) Cockerell, Amer. Nat. 34: 293. 1900.
Phoradendron flavescens macrophyllum Engelm. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th

Merid. 6: 252. 1878.

Type locality: "They grow on soft woods (Ash, AVillow, Poplar, Sycamore, and
Sapindus) on the Gila and Benita Rivers, and extend into Southern California."

Range: Western Texas to Arizona and California.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Silver City; Rincon; Mesilla Valley. On various
ti'ees and shrubs.

The species is very abundant in the southern and southwestern parts of the State,
especially in the Rio Grande Valley, growing chiefly on the valley cottonwood (Popu-
lus wislizeni), although it has been found on the tornillo and on cultivated plums.
So heavily loaded are the cottonwood trees at times that they appear to have as dense
foliage in winter as in summer. Of course the trees soon succumb to such exhaustive
attacks by the pest. The Spanish name is "muerdago."

This is the species preferred for commercial purposes. It is superior to P. orbicu-
latum because of its larger size, more abundant, larger berries, and generally hand-
somer appearance.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 181

5. Phoradendroa flavescens (Pursh) Nutt.; A. Gray, Man. cd. 2. 383. 1856.
Viscum jlavescens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 114. 1814.
Type locality: Not stated.

Range: New Jersey to Missouri, south to Florida and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Mesilla Valley, on cultivated ash trees (Stayidley 6377).

39. SANTALACEAE. Sandalwood Family.

1. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard toadflax.

A low glaucous herbaceous perennial; leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate to linear,
entire; flowers greenish white, in terminal and axillary clusters; perianth campanu-
late, the limb 3 to 5-lobed, persistent; fruit spherical, 1-seeded.

1. Comandra pallida A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 14: 636. 1857.

Comandra pallida angustifolia Torr. TJ. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 185. 1859.

Type locality: "Prope Clearwater," Idaho.

Range: British America to California and Texas.

New Mexico: Barranca; Magdalena Mountains; Burro Mountains; Kingston;
Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; San Augustine Plains; Tunitcha Mountains;
Chama; Raton; Nara Visa. Parasitic on the roots of various plants, Lower Sonoran
to the Transition Zone.

Order 22. ARISTOLOCHIALES.

40. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family.
1. AFvISTOLOCHIA L.

A prostrate perennial with slender tomentulose stems; leaves alternate, narrowly
hastate, long-attenuate, with mostly divergent auricles; flowers solitary, axillary,
email; calyx tube broadly arcuate; stamens 5, the sessile anthers adnate to the short
5-lobed style; pod 5-celled.

Some species of the genus have large and showy flowers and are cultivated as deco-
rative plants. Our species is a small and inconspicuous herb of the southwestern
deserts.

1. Aristolochia watsoni Woot. & Standi. Contr. U.S.Nat. Herb. 16: 117. 1913.
Aristolochia brevipes acuminata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 148. 1883, not A,

acuminata Lam. 1783.
Type locality: Mexico or Arizona.

Range: Southwestern New Mexico ami southern Arizona to northern Mexico.
New Mexico: Guadalupe Canyon (Mearns 697). Dry hills.

Order 23. POLYGONALE8.

41. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family.

Herbaceous or suffruticose annuals <ir perennials with alternate, or sometimes
opposite <>r verticillate leaves, the stipules forming a sheath or wanting; infloree<
cymose, capitate, racemose, Bpicate, or panicled; flowers small, mostly pei

perianth of 2 to (J segments, the inner ones sometimes petaJoid; stamenB 2 to 9; |
solitary; fruit a lenticular or angled aclunc

182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Flowers subtended by an involucre; stamens 9; sheaths

wanting 1. Eriogonum (p. 182).

Flowers not involucrate; stamens 4 to 8; sheaths present.
Stigmas tufted.

Sepals 4; stigmas 2; achenes lenticular, winged;

leaves orbicular-reniform 2. Oxyria (p. 190).

Sepals 6; stigmas 3; achenes 3-angled, not winged;
leaves not orbicular-reniform, elongated or

hastate 3. Rumex (p. 191).

Stigmas capitate.

Leaf blades jointed at the base; filaments, at least
the inner, dilated.
Herbs; flowers fascicled; sepals not winged... 5. Polygonum (p. 193).
Shrub; flowers solitary; inner sepals winged.. 4. Gonopyrum (p. 193).
Leaf blades not jointed at the base; sheaths not
2-lobed; filaments slender.

Sheaths cylindric, truncate 6. Persicaria (p. 195).

Sheaths oblique, more or less open on the side
facing the leaf.
Sepals, at least the outer ones, keeled or

winged ; stems twining 8. Bilderdykia (p. 197) .

Sepals neither keeled nor winged ; stems
erect.
Perennials with fleshy rootstocks,
mostly basal leaves, and

simple stems 7. Bistorta (p. 197).

Annual with fibrous roots, cauline

leaves, and branched stems.. 9. Fagopyrum (p. 197).

1. ERIOGONUM Michx.

Low annuals or perennials, herbaceous, or somewhat woody at the base; leaves
entire, basal or scattered along the stem; inflorescence various; flowers involucrate;
involucre 4 to 8-toothed or lobed, mostly many-flowered; calyx with 6 divisions
(valves), colored, corolla-like; stamens 9; achenes triangular, sometimes winged.

The genus is one of the largest in our State. Representatives are found almost
everywhere, especially at lower elevations. Strangely enough, although among our
commonest plants, no common name seems to have been given them, probably because
the plants are usually small and inconspicuous. Some species, however, are rather
handsome.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Fruit winged, at least above; large coarse perennials.

Wings extending the entire length of the fruit; perianth
glabrous.

Involucres strigose 1. E. alatum.

Involucres glabrous 2. E. triste.

Fruit winged only above the middle; perianth pubescent.
Leaves loosely and coarsely tomentose beneath, com-
monly acutish; involucres 3 to 5 mm. long 3. E. hieracifolium.

Leaves very densely and finely tomentose beneath,

rounded -obtuse; involucres 2 to 3 mm. long 4. E. pannosum.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOEA OF NEW MEXICO. 183

Fruit merely angled, never winged; perennials or annuals.
Annuals.

Involucres pubescent.

Basal leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate; involucres

on glabrous peduncles 15 to 50 mm. long 5. E. pharnaceoides.

Basal leaves broadly oblong, ovate, or orbicular;
peduncles less than 15 mm. long, more or less
pubescent.
Valves cordate at the base, orbicular or nearly
so; plants not densely white- tomentose.
Perianth yellow, tinged with red ; stems 10
to 20 cm. high, much branched at the
base; lobes of the involucre triangu-
lar to lanceolate, acute 6. E. abertianum.

Perianth white, tinged with pink; stems
tall, 30 to 50 cm . , sparingly branched,
usually simple at the base; lobes of
the involucre oblong or spatulate,

mostly obtuse 7. E. pinetorum.

Valves tapering to the base, spatulate or
obovate; plants densely white- tomentose.
Stems simple below, ending in a flat-
topped cyme; perianths 3 mm. long.. 8 E. uiiiiuum.
Stems much branched throughout, the
inflorescence of many slender secund
racemes; perianth 1.5 mm. long or
less.
Plants erect, 30 to 50 cm. high; flowers

bright rose pink 9. E. polycladom .

Plants widely and densely diffuse,
about 10 cm. high; flowers paler

and smaller 10. E. densum.

Involucres glabrous.

Bracts of the inflorescence leaflike.

Stems and leaves glabrous; leaves tapering to
the flat margined petioles; peduncles

filiform 11. E. adUuginoaum.

Steins and leaves more or less pubescent; leaves
abruptly contracted into the terete

petioles; peduncles stout 12. E. divarioatum.

Bracts of the inflorescence sealelike.

Peduncles abruptly reflexed in age; leaves
extending up the stems 5 to 10 cm.;

flowers white LS. /•.'. a rnuum.

Peduncles erect or ascending, never reflexed;
leaves basal; flowers white or colored.

Perianth yellow; pedicels filiform.

Leaves not tomentose if- /•-' trichopodum.

I, oaves tomentose beneath 16. E. wethenllii,

Perianth while or pinik; pedicels Aliform
or stout.
Pedicels Aliform; plants tall, erect, 20

to 60 cm. high 16 I rms.

Pedicels stout; plants low, spreading,

Li i than L6 cm. high 17. /■-'. mtundifnlium.

184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Perennials.

Perianth narrowed into a long stipelike base, pubescent.

Perianth whitish; styles hairy at least to the middle 18. E. jamesii.

Perianth bright yellow; styles hairy only at the base 19. E. bakeri.

Perianth not narrowed into a stipelike base, pubescent or
glabrous.
Ovaries and fruit pubescent.

Stems leafy; perianth 6 mm. long 20. E. longifolium.

Stems not leafy, scapelike; perianth 3 mm. long or less.
Inflorescence an open cyme 10 to 15 cm. high; •

involucres 2 mm. high 21. E. leucophyllum.

Inflorescence a congested cyme less than 3 cm.

high; involucres 3 to 5 mm. high 22. E. lachnogynum.

Ovaries and fruit glabrous or nearly so.

Involucres in a headlike cluster 23. E. ovalifolium.

Involucres in open cymes.
Cymes one-sided and spikelike.
Leaves basal, abruptly narrowed at the base or

subcordate; perianth 5 mm. long 24. E. racemosum.

Leaves scattered along the woody branches,

tapering at the base; perianth 3 mm. long 25. E. wrightii.

Cymes dichotomous or trichotomous.
Perianth deep dark red; stems and involucres

glabrous; plants tall and stout 26. E. atrorubens.

Perianth white, pink, or yellow, never dark red;
stems and involucres glabrous or pubescent;
plants various.
Perianth densely sericeous.

Leaves elliptic, acute, tomentose 27. E. havardii.

.Leaves orbicular, obtuse, not tomentose 28. E. infiatum.

Perianth glabrous.
Perianth bright yellow; leaves glabrous (all

basal, orbicular or broadly ovate) 29. E. gypsophilum.

Perianth white or pink; leaves tomentose, at
least beneath.
Leaves all basal, orbicular or obovate, the
stems densely cespitose; leaves per-
manently and densely white-tomentose

on the upper surface 30. E. tenellum.

At least the lower part of the stem leafy;
stems usually not densely cespitose;
leaves glabrate on the upper surface.
Flowering branches leafy for only a few
centimeters at the base, the pedun-
cles relatively long.
Stems and involucres tomentulose
throughout; lobes of the involucre
acute; leaves narrowly oblong,

flat 31. E. ainsliei.

Branches of the inflorescence and in-
volucres glabrous; lobes of the
involucre broadly obtuse; leaves
various.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 185

Involucres in* the forks of the in-
florescence sessile. (Leaves

revolute) 32. E. nndicaule.

• Involucres in the forks of the

branches distinctly peduncled,
at least the lower ones.

Leaves linear, revolute 33. E. tristichum.

Leaves linear-oblong, flat 34. E. lonchophyl-

lum.
Flowering branches leafy up to the in-
florescence, the peduncles relatively
short.
Leaf blades broad, 1 cm. wide or more,
oblong to oval, obtuse.

Involucres 4 to 5 mm. long 35. E. fendlerianum.

Involucres 2 to 2.5 mm. long.
Branches of the inflorescence

strongly divaricate 36. E. divt rgt ns.

Branches of the inflorescence as-
cending 37. E. corymbosum.

Leaf blades narrow, 5 mm. wide or less,
linear or spatulate, acute.
Leaf blades oblanceolate, flat; in-
florescence densely branched,
20 cm. high or less, tomentu-

lose 38. E. effusum.

Leaf blades linear, revolute; inflores-
cence sparingly branched, 5 cm.
high or less, glabrous or tomen-
tulose.
Inflorescence glabrous; leaves 16

to 35 mm. long 39. E. leptophyllum.

Inflorescence tomentulose; leaves

15 mm. long or less 40. E. simpsonii.

1. Eriogonum alatum Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zufii & Colo. 16S. pi. 8.
Type locality: On the Zuni River, New Mexico.

Range: Nebraska and Wyoming to Texan and Arizona.

New Mexico: Common from the Black Range to the White Mountains and north-
ward to the Colorado line. Dry slopes, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

2. Eriogonum triste.S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 347. 1875.
Type locality: Kane County, southern Utah.

Range: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Fannington (Standby 7123); Upper Canadi Dry hills,

in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

3. Eriogonum hieracifolium Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14:6. Lfi
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Southern New Mexicoand western Texas.

New Mexico: Mountains southeast of Patterson; Eorse Spring; Gila Bol Spri
White Mountains; Fori Stanton; Queen. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone

4. Eriogonum pannosum Woot. & Standi. Oontr. U. S Nat. Herb 1913.
Type locality: Organ Mountain Type collected by Q R Vi

August, 1881.

186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Range: Organ Mountains of New Mexico.

New Mexico: Organ Mountains. Dry hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

v'b. Eriogonum pharnaceoid.es Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zufii & Colo. 167. pi. 11.
1854.
Type locality: Arizona.
Range: New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Fort Tularosa; Fort Bayard; Mogollon Mountains. Dry hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

/ 6. Eriogonum abertianum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 151. 1848.

Eriogonum cyclosepalum Greene, Muhlenbergia 6: 1. 1910.

Type locality: "On the upper waters of the Arkansas."

Range: New Mexico and western Texas to Arizona and Chihuahua.

New Mexico: Hillsboro; Big Hatchet Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Lake Arthur;
Dona Ana Mountains; San Marcial; Lake Valley; Socorro; mesa west of the Organ
Mountains. Dry sandy mesas and hillsides, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

Apparently the plant has not been collected recently anywhere near the type
locality. It is altogether possible that there is an error in the citation of the locality
of Abert's specimen. Torrey further says that the species is "Very common in the
region between the Del Norte and the Gila." The plant is one of the first to bloom in
the spring in southern New Mexico. The type locality of E. cyclosepalum is New
Mexican.

7. Eriogonum pinetorum Greene, Muhlenbergia 6: 3. 1909.

Eriogonum abertianum neomexicanum Gandog. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 42: 185. 1906.

Type locality: Black Range, Sierra County, New Mexico. Type collected by
Metcalfe (no. 1327).

Range : Western Texas to Arizona.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Mogollon Mountains; Fort Bayard; Kingston;
Lordsburg; Dog Spring; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains. Dry mesas and hillsides,
in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

The type of E. abertianum neomexicanum is Wooton's no. 427 from the Organ Moun-
tains.

*■' 8. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 164. 1837.

Type locality: "On the banks of the Great Salt River of Arkansas, and near the
confluence of the Kiawesha and Red Rivers."

Range: Montana and South Dakota to Texas and northern Mexico.

New Mexico: Inscription Rock; Clayton; Buchanan; Fort Cummings; Mesilla
Valley; plains west of Roswell; Causey; Nara Visa. Dry plains and hillsides, in the
Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.

9. Eriogonum polycladon Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 16. 1856.
Eriogonum polycladon crispum Gandog. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 42: 196. 1906.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Arizona and western Texas.

New Mexico: Albuquerque; Fort Tularosa; Mangas Springs; Fort Bayard; Gila
Hot Springs; Organ Mountains; Dog Spring. Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

The type of E. polycladon crispum is Wooton's 460 from the Organ Mountains.

10. Eriogonum densum Greene, Pittonia 3: 17. 1896.

Type locality: Mountains of New Mexico, near Santa Rita del Cobre. Type
collected by Greene, September 21, 1880.
Range: Moun tains of southwestern New Mexico.' ^%
New Mexico: Near Santa Rita; Bear Mountain. In the Upper Sonoran Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 187

11. Eriogonum salsuginosum (Nutt.) Hook. Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 5: 264. 1853.
Stenogonum salsuginosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 170. 1848.

Type locality: "Bare saline hills of the Colorado of the West, in the Rocky Moun-
tains."

Range: Wyoming to Utah and New Mexico. <- C

New Mexico: Aztec; Carrizo Mountains; Farmington. Dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

12. Eriogonum divaricatum Hook. Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 5: 265. 1853.

Type locality: "On saline clayey soils, within the high calcareous hills of the
Upper Colorado."

Range: Wyoming to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; near Zuni. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

13. Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 162. 1848.

Type locality: "On the plains of the Oregon and in the Rocky Mountains."

Range: Montana and Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Aztec; Farmington; Salt Lake Crater; Tierra Blanca; Zuni; Pajarito
Park; Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; Dulce; Stinking Lake. Dry slopes,
in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

14. Eriogonum trichopodum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 151. 1848.
Type locality: "Eastern slope of the Cordilleras of California."
Range: Southern California to western Texas, south into Mexico.

New Mexico: Mesa west of the Organ Mountains; Mesilla Valley. Dry hills and
plains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

The species was published originally under the name of trichopes, but this was later
corrected to the name used here. This is one of the commonest plants in the lower
Rio Grande Valley and on the bordering mesas. The rosette of basal leaves frequently
drys up and breaks away while the plant is still in flower.

15. Eriogonum wetherillii Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 6: 319. 1896.

Type locality: At the base of sandstone cliffs along the San Juan River, Utah.
Range: Southern Utah to northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Near the Carrizo Mountains (Stand ley 7474). Dry, rocky hills, in
the Upper Sonoran Zone.

16. Eriogonum subreniforme S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 260. L877.
Type locality: "Arizona, S. Utah."

Range: Arizona and Utah to western New Mexico.
New Mexico: Zuni (Wooton). Upper Sonoran Zone.

17. Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 21. 1856.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Chihuahua.

New Mexico: Albuquerque; Dog Spring; Mesilla Valley] m< ol Organ

Mountains; plains south of the White Sands; Lake Valley; east of Hachita. Dry mesas,
in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

18. Eriogonum jamesii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 7. 1856.

I.'ri'nf/nituiii jllilli sii iiinmi ritiiniiiil < i;ill<ln'_'. Hull. BOC. Bot. Belg 4:2: I !

Type locality: " In nmntilms ScopulOBU ad fontes f 1. Plal
Range: < lolorado t<> New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Common throughout the State in the mountains and on high plains.
Open slopes, chiefly in the Transition Zone.
The type of E. jamesii neomexieanum is Wooton'a 385 from the White Mountains.

188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

19. Eriogonum bakeri Greene, PL Baker. 3: 15. 1901.

Eriogonum jamesii fiavescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 255. 1877.

Eriogonum vegetius A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 239. 1904.

Type locality: Black Canyon, Colorado.

Range: Wyoming to New Mexico.

New Mexico: White and Sacramento mountains. Meadows, in the Transition
Zone.

Our New Mexican specimens are rather larger and more robust than the typical
form and their flowers seem to be of a brighter yellow. Within our limits the species
is known only from the White and Sacramento mountains, which are far removed from
the usual range in Colorado and northern Arizona.

20. Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 164. 1837.
Eriogonum texanum Scheele, Linnaea 22: 150. 1849.

Type locality: "On the ledges of the Cadron rocks, and in denudated prairies
from Arkansas to Red River."
Range: Southern Missouri to Texas and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Leachs (Wooton). Dry plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

21. Eriogonum leucophyllum Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 118.
1913.

Type locality: Lakewood, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, August 6,
1909.
Range: Known only from type locality.

22. Eriogonum lachnogynum Torr. in DC. Prodr. 14: 8. 1856.
Type locality: New Mexico.

Range: Utah and Arizona to New Mexico and Kansas.

New Mexico: Banks of the Cimarron; Llano Estacado; Buchanan; Perico.
Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The type was collected by Fendler (no. 765) in 1847, either about Santa Fe or
farther east.

23. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 50. 1834.
Type locality: "Sources of the Missouri."

Range: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Aztec; Farmington. Dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

24. Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 161. 1848.
Eriogonum orthocladon Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 167. pi. 9. 1854.
Type locality: " Colorado of the West. "

Ranqe: Colorado and Utah to Arizona and Texas.

New Mexico: Chama; north of Ramah; Inscription Rock; Santa Fe; Sandia
Mountains; Glorieta; Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains. Open slopes, in the
Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.

The type of E orthocladon was collected in the Zuni Mountains.

25. Eriogonum wrightii Torr. in DC. Prodr. 14: 15. 1856.
Type locality: Western Texas.

Range: Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas, southward into Mexico.

New Mexico: On the San Juan; Mangas Springs; Kingston; Animas Valley;
White Mountains; Organ Mountains; Sandia Mountains. Dry hills and canyons,
in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

26. Eriogonum atrorubens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 108. 1848.
Type locality: Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua.

Range: Chihuahua and southeastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Mearns 568, 2123, 2463).

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 189

27. Eriogonum havardii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 194. 1883.
Type locality: Chenate Mountains, western Texas.

Kange: Southern New Mexico and western Texas.

New Mexico: Plains 35 miles south of Torrance; west of Roswell; Queen; near
Elk. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

28. Eriogonum inflatum Torr. in Frem. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 317. 1*15.
Type locality: "On barren hills in the lower part of North California."
Range: Colorado and northwestern New Mexico to southern California.

New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7346, 7486). Dry hills and plains, in
the Upper Sonoran Zone.
The branches are commonly swollen and inflated at the nodes, but not invariably so.

29. Eriogonum gypsophilum Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 118.
pi. 49. 1913.

Type locality: On a hill southwest of Lakewood, New Mexico. Type collected
by Wooton, August 6, 1909.

Range: Known only from type locality.
The plants grow in nearly pure gypsum.

30. Eriogonum ten'ellum Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 241. 1827.

Type locality: "Near the Rocky Mountains," Colorado or New Mexico.
Range: Colorado and Utah to western Texas.

New Mexico: Clayton; Buchanan; 10 miles west of Roswell; Knowles. Dry
plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

31. Eriogonum ainsliei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 117. 1913.

Type locality: Cimarron, New Mexico. Type collected by C. N. Ainslie, Sep-
tember 10, 1909.

Range: Northeastern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Cimarron; Raton Mountains; Colfax. Plains and low hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

32. Eriogonum nudicaule (Torr.) Small, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 54. 1906.
Eriogonum effusum nudicaule Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: L32. I

Type locality: Pine and cedar woods, near Galisteo, New Mexico. Type col-
lected by Bigelow.
Range: Northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Near Galisteo; Placitas.

33. Eriogonum tristichum Small, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 55. 1906.
Type locality: Rosa, New Mexico.

Range: Northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

New Mexico: Rosa; Cedar Hill; Dulce; Chupadero. Dry hills, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.
In the original publication of the species the State is given incorrectly as < lolorado.

34. Eriogonum lonchophyllum Torr. & Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: L73. L870.
Type locality: On the Rio Blanco, New Mexico. Type collected by Newberry,
Range: Northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

New Mexico: Rio Blanco; near Tierra Amanita.

Rydberg in the Flora of Colorado « describee the plant, in the kej , as having the
involucres in the forks of the branches sessile; in our specimen of the tj pe collection
they arc conspicuously peduncled. To this plant th<> native people give the
of "cola do ratlin."

1 Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 103. L!

190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

35. Eriogonum fendlerianum (Benth.) Small, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 55. 1906.
Eriogonum microthecum fendlerianum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 18. 1856.

Type locality: New Mexico.

The type is Fendler's 767, collected probably somewhere about Santa Fe.

36. Eriogonum divergent Small, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 55. 1906.
Eriogonum corymbosum divaricatum Torr. & Gray, U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif.

2 1 : 129. 1855, not E. divaricatum Hook. 1853.
Type locality: "Near springs on Green River."
Range: Colorado and Utah to Arizona and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Mesa La Vaca; Bad Lands. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper
Sonoran Zone.

37. Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 17. 1856.
Type locality: "Prope Grand-River," Colorado.

Range: Colorado and northern New Mexico. $ >

New Mexico: On the San Juan River; Cerrillos; Logan; Farmington. Dry hills
and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

38. Eriogonum effusum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 164. 1848.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains.

Range: Montana and Nebraska to Colorado and New Mexico.

New Mexico: Near Belen; Farmington. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

39. Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr.) Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
16: 118. 1913.

Eriogonum effusum leptophyllum Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 168. 1854.
Type locality: Rio Zuni, New Mexico.-^Y)uuA,'
Range: Northwestern New Mexico.

New Mexico: Grants; Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains. Dry hills, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

40. Eriogonum simpsonii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 18. 1856.
Type locality: "In Sierra de Tunecha (Novi-Mexici)."
Range: Colorado to northern New Mexico and Arizona.

New Mexico: Gallup; Fort Wingate; Atarque de Garcia; east of Ramah; near
Mcintosh; Pajarito Park; Carrizo Mountains. Dry hills and plains, in the
Upper Sonoran Zone.

The "Sierra de Tunecha" is doubtless the Tunitcha Mountains.

2. OXYRIA Hill. Mountain sorrel.

A low alpine perennial with round-reniform, long-petioled , chiefly basal leaves;
flowers small, greenish, in panicled racemes on a slender scape; sepals 4, unchanged
in fruit, usually reddish; stamens 6; achene thin, lenticular, surrounded by a broad
veined wing.

1. Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 158. 1768.

Rumex digynus L. Sp. PI. 337. 1753.

Type locality: "In Alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Wallicis."

Range: Alaska and Greenland, south to New England, New Mexico, and Cali-
fornia; also in Europe and Asia.

New Mexico: Brazos Canyon; Upper Pecos River; Wheeler Peak. Wet meadows,
Canadian to Arctic-Alpine Zone.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 191

3. EUMEX L. Dock.

Coarse perennial herbs with leafy stems (usually most of the leaves basal) ; stipules
united to form more or less hyaline sheaths (ocreae) ; flowers numerous, small, greenish,
perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in simple or compound racemes or paniculate;
inner sepals (valves) becoming enlarged in fruit, persistent.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Plants low, 10 to 30 cm. high, slender, dioecious; leaves

hastate 1. R. acelosella.

Plants taller, 30 to 60 cm. high, stout, polygamous or monoe-
cious; leaves never hastate.
Inner sepals (valves) much enlarged in fruit, 10 to 15 mm.

long and broad, mostly reddish 2. R. hymenosepalus.

Valves of medium size, less than 10 mm. long, greenish or
brown.
Valves without callosities on the back.

Leaves large, 50 cm. long or less, ovate or oblong-
ovate, cordate 3. R. occidental™.

Leaves small, 10 cm. long or less, narrowly elliptic-
lanceolate, attenuate at the base 7. R. ellipticus.

One or more of the valves bearing callosities on the
back.
Valves entire or nearly so.

Leaves crispate. 5. R. crispus.

Leaves flat.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or broader;
valves ovate, usually only one

bearing a callosity 6. R. altissimns.

Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate; valves
triangular-ovate, usually all three

bearing callosities 8. R. mexicanus.

Valves distinctly dentate.

Teeth of the valves broadly triangular, the

teeth 2 or 3 times as long as broad 4. R. britannica.

Teeth of wings long and narrow, as long as
broad or much longer.
Perennial; leaves large, 30 cm. long or

more, oblong to ovate, cordate 9. R. obtustfoluu.

Annual; leaves much smaller, 10 to 15 cm.
long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
truncate or rounded at the base . . . 10. R penicarioides.

Rumex berlandieri should come into New Mexico; we have seen specimens from VA
Paso, Texas.

1. Rumex acetosella L. Sp. PI. 338. 1753. Bhebp BORBBL.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europse pascuis & arvis arenosis."

Range: A native of Europe, introduced into many parts of tin- United States as a
field weed.
New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Gallinas Planting Stat i< mi; Bandia Mountains.

2. Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. U. 8. A: ilex. Bound. Hot. 17. 1856 I

Type locality: "Sandy noils from Kl Paso to the Canyons ,»!* t lie Rio Grande."
Range: Western Texas to New Mexii o ami Ariaona, and northern M-

192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

New Mexico: Aztec; Farmington; Mangas Springs; Las Cruces; Gray; mountains
west of San Antonio; Ilillsboro. Sandy soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonora zones.

Cafiaigre is common on the sandy mesas of the southern part of the State, where it
is a rather conspicuous plant in the latter part of the winter and in early spring, being
about the only green thing to be seen. It commences to grow in January or February,
and is ready to bloom by March. It withstands the cold night temperatures well.
The tuberous roots, resembling dahlia tubers or, somewhat less, sweet potatoes,
contain a relatively high percentage of tannin. An industry was once established in
a small way at Deming dependent upon the extraction of tannin from these roots for
the preparation of a tanning fluid. The product proved very satisfactory and a
European market was found which would take the output, but the supply of tubers
was insufficient and people could not be induced to grow them. The plants grow
very slowly. The tubers have long been used by the native people for the tanning of
skins; they were also used by the Navahos in dying wool yellow.

3. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 253. 1876.

Type locality: "From Alaska to northern California, eastward to Saskatchewan
and Labrador, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and New Mexico."

Range: As under type locality.

New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Middle Fork of the Gila; James Canyon; White Moun-
tains; Costilla Valley; Brazos Canyon. Wet ground, especially along streams, in the
Canadian and Transition zones.

A thick-stemmed, large-leaved dock, not uncommon along streams in the moun-
tains. It is usually 60 to 90 cm. high, with a large compound panicle, and the fruits
are often reddish when ripe.

4. Rumex britarmica L. Sp. PI. 334. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."

Range: Northeastern United States and Canada, extending into Colorado, Utah,
and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Near Fort Bayard (Blumer 115). Wet ground.

5. Runiex crispus L. Sp. PI. 335. 1753. Yellow dock.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae suculentis."

Range: An introduced weed, common throughout the United States, in cultivated
fields and waste ground.

New Mexico: Common nearly throughout the State.

The plant is often a troublesome weed in alfalfa fields and along ditch banks. The
leaves are sometimes gathered and cooked as "greens."

6. Rumex altissimus Wood, Class-book 477. 1855. Pale dock.
Type locality: "Marshy prairies and borders of streams, Indiana."

Range: Massachusetts to Colorado, Maryland, Texas, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs. Damp ground.

7. Rumex ellipticus Greene, Pittonia 4: 234. 1900.

Type locality: In fields and along river banks at Roswell, New Mexico. Type
collected by Earle (no. 272).
Range: Known only from the Pecos Valley of New Mexico.
New Mexico: Roswell; near Lake Arthur. Lower Sonoran Zone.
The species is doubtfully distinct from R. altissimus.

8. Rumex mexicanus Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 45. 1856.
Type locality: "In Mexico circa Leon."

Range: Throughout the Rocky Mountains and across the continent northward,
extending south into Mexico.

WOOTON AND STANDLEY FLOKA OF NEW MEXICO. 193

New Mexico: Common except along the eastern side of the State. In cultivated
fields and along ditches, from the Lower Sonoran to the Transition Zone.

Along ditches and streams and in fields wherever crops arc cultivated in the State
this is the common dock. It is very resistant to alkali and often occurs in alkali spots.
It has been confused with the seacoast plant R. salicifolius Weinm., 1 a species of
restricted distribution on the Californian coast.

9. Rumex obtusifolius L. Sp. IT. 335. 1753. Bitter dock.
Type locality: "Habitat in Germania, Helvetia, Gallia, Anglia."

Range: A native of Europe, introduced into many parts of America.

New.Mexico: Kingston (Metcalfe 1099).

A large, thick-stemmed dock, 60 to 90 cm. high, resembling A', orci/lentalis in general
appearance, but with broader leaves. It is readily distinguished from thai spei Lea by
the structure of the fruiting calyx. In this the valves have :> to 5 thin, spinelike
teeth on each side and smooth callosities, while in A. occidentalis the callosities are
absent and the margin of the valves is entire or remotely denticulate.

10. Rumex persicarioides L. Sp. PI. 335. 1753. Golden dock.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."

Range: Throughout temperate North America.

New Mexico: Mangas Springs; mountains southeast of Patterson; Cliff; I>ulce
Shiprock; Farmington. Along streams and ditches, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

4. GONOPYRUM Finch. & Mey.

Low shrub, 1 meter high or less, with stout erect stems; leaves linear, glaucous,
fleshy, jointed to the ocrete; flowers perfect, solitary, on jointed pedicels; sepals 5,
white, the 3 inner developing wings at maturity, the 2 outer reflexed; achene elliptic,
oblong, brown, pointed at both ends.

1. Gonopyrum americanum I-'isch. &. Mey. Mem. Acad. Si. P^tersb. VI. Sri.
Nat, 4 1 : 141. 1845.

Poli/gonclla ericoides Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 231. L845.

Type locality: Texas.

Range: Georgia to Arkansas, eastern Texas, and centra] New Mexico.

New Mexico: Tijeras Canyon (C. R. Ellis). Sandy soil, in the Upper Sonoran
Zone.

This is a most remarkable extension of range for a plant nol known heretofore from
any station west of eastern Texas. It occurs, however, even in tin' southeast, only
locally. Our specimens seem to agree very well with i astern material, but tin
rath<T fragmentary; pcrbaps if they were more ample some difference mighl I"- dis-
covered.

5. POLYGONUM L.

Annuals wit Ii plender stems branching near the ba r , pro,- (rate on nrl; leaves small,
alternate, elliptic to lineardanccokui, obtuse "i ■'■ i to, entire, th ■ upper generally
much reduced; ocrese hyaline, at length Lacerate, not [ringed p ciliary in short

few-flowered clusters, sometimes solitary; calyx of •"> or I h sepals with \

<>r pink margins; stamens 8 or fewer, a1 least the inner with dilated filaments; acb
3-angled, surrounded by the persistenl calyx.

1 See, Femald, M.L. The representatives of J • item Amei

Rhodora 10: 71.

52676° — 16 13

194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Inflorescence aggregated at the ends of the branches; plants

small, less than 10 cm. high 1. P. watsoni.

Inflorescence of small scattered axillary clusters; stems 20
cm. long or more.
Stems prostrate (except where the plants are much crowded,
there weakly ascending) .
Leaves thin, not prominently veined, bright green;

ocrese not conspicuous 2. P. aviculare.

Leaves thick, with rather prominent veins, pale or

glaucous